A yanayi, akwai tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kyakkyawan abin da ya shafi har ma da mafi yawan mutane. Ana iya la'akari da waɗannan itacen katalpa - sabon abu a bayyanar kowane lokaci na shekara, yana jawo idanu a lokacin flowering, abin mamaki tare da girma, ban sha'awa na ganye a cikin nau'i na zukatansu da siffofi masu ban sha'awa. Idan kana so ka yi mamaki da sanannun mutane da masu wucewa, ka ji dasu don shuka daya a cikin gidan rani. Bayan haka, ga dukan ƙarancin, shi ma yana da kyau. A kan bukatun catalpa na shuka don girma da kula, karanta wannan labarin.
Shin kuna sani? Catalpa saboda siffar 'ya'yan itacen a cikin nau'i na tsayi, wanda ake kira pipar ko itace. Kuma a cikin mahaifarsa, a Arewacin Amirka, jama'ar garin suna kira shi "itacen cigar".
Sanarwar farko da catalpa
Don samun ra'ayi game da irin wannan tsire-tsire, muna bayyana siffofinta na halitta. Catalpa (lat. Catalpa) - Wannan ƙananan bishiyoyi ne masu tsire-tsire waɗanda ke tsiro a matsakaicin mita 15 m kuma tsawo zuwa mita 1 a nisa. Matsakaicin iyakar gangar jikin ya kai 45 m.
Kambi na catalpa ne mai fadi, mai yawa. Bar - babban, zuciya-dimbin yawa ko ovate. Yi tsawon tsawon 30 cm da nisa na 17 cm. Yi girma a kan man fetur mai tsawo.
Hakanan zaka iya yin ado da gidan ka mai zafi tare da taimakon irin shuke-shuke ornamental kamar yadda ake ado honeysuckle, gonar campanula, ƙanshi mai ƙanshi, ƙwayoyi masu yawa, alissum, echinacea, ciyawa masu yawa, gladioli, coreopsis da gloxinia.Catalpa blooms a farkon lokacin rani, babban, zuwa 20 cm, inflorescences a cikin nau'i na madaidaiciya panicles ko goge na farin ko cream launi tare da splashes a tsakiyar. Furen siffa mai launuka, wanda ya ƙunshi 50 a cikin inflorescence, suna kama da kamannin kochids. Fure mai haske yana kusan wata daya. A karo na farko ya zo a cikin shekaru biyar catalpa. Ƙinƙasawa a siffar da bayyanar kamar kyandir na chestnuts.
'Ya'yan itace suna da siffar akwati a cikin nau'in cylinder, har zuwa 40 cm tsawo, kama da kama da' ya'yan itatuwa, kamar irin ƙwan zuma. A ciki akwai tsaba a cikin adadin 53-146 guda. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari na iya zama a kan itacen a lokacin dukan lokacin hunturu.
Catalpa mai ban sha'awa ne saboda a cikin rassan ganye ba su juya launin rawaya ba, sun fada kore a yanayin zafi a kasa 0 digiri. Har ila yau, injin ya janyo hankali da gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da ya yi fure, duk bishiyoyi sun ɓace tun da daɗewa.
A cikin daji, catalpa yana faruwa a gabashin Asiya da Arewacin Amirka. A matsayin itace mai ban sha'awa tare da manyan ganye da kuma tsaka-tsalle masu girma ana girma a yankuna kudancin Rasha, Jamus, Ukraine da wasu ƙasashe.
Itacen yana da matukar wuya, kuma itace ba ya lalace saboda dogon lokaci, yayin da yake kasancewa mai haske da haske. Tsarin zai iya bunƙasa duka a yanayin zafi, misali, a jihohin arewacin Amurka, da Indiya, Australia da Afrika. Yana da sauƙi a tsira a yanayin yanayin damuwa da kuma bakin teku.
An gabatar da shuka a cikin irin bishiyoyi da shrubs. Catalpa yana cikin iyali Bignonievyh. Kalmomin Katalp yana da nau'in nau'in. Daga cikin su, sai dai litidu, akwai kuma har abada. A Rasha, mafi yawancin sunaye biyar ne: bignonevidnaya, kyau (kwazazzabo), Bunge, ovoid, matasan.
Shin kuna sani? Ana amfani da itacen katalpa mai kyau don yin kayan aiki, kayan haya, masu barci, ginshiƙai, tsarin ruwa, amfani da su.
Zaɓi wuri don girma: hasken haske da ƙasa
Bayan irin wannan cikakken bayani game da itacen ɓaure, bari muyi magana game da yadda za mu bunkasa shi.
Catalpa wata shuka mai haske ne, sabili da haka, a lokacin da dasa shuki ya kamata ya zabi wuraren da ya dace. Don haka itace ba zai rasa sakamako na ado ba, yana da muhimmanci a kula cewa wurin da yake girma yana kare daga zane. In ba haka ba, iskõki na iya lalata ganye da halakar furanni.
Catalpa ba komai ba ne ga ƙasa - yana ci gaba da kyau a kowane, amma har yanzu yana da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka - yana da nauyin halitta-mai arziki, hasken, ba mai acidic, isasshen ƙasa mai tsabta da tsararru. Shin, ba ya jure wa yanayin ruwa na kusa.
Hanyar dasa shuki matasa
Catalpa baya buƙatar kowane yanayi na musamman don saukowa. Zai zama mai kyau don tono rami mai saukowa da zurfin 1-1.2 m kuma ruwa da shi da alheri. Sa'an nan kuma takin a cikin hanyar itace ash (5-7 kg) da superphosphate. A kasan rami an sanya wani ruwan magani na wadannan abun da ke ciki:
- humus - sassa uku;
- ganye ƙasa - biyu sassa;
- yashi - sassa biyu;
- Peat wani bangare ne.
Yana da kyawawa don zaɓar sapling ta shekara daya. Dole ne a sanya shi cikin rami don ƙwanƙolin wuyansa yana a saman matakin duniya, kuma yayyafa shi da cakudaccen ƙasa. Bishiyar da aka dasa bayan dasa shuki mai yawa, wanda zai buƙaci akalla guga na ruwa. Ƙungiyar Pristvolny za a iya cike da peat.Idan kuna shirin dasa itatuwan da yawa, to, a tsakanin tsirrai ya kamata a lura da tsaka-tsakin 3 m. Mafi kyawun lokaci na dasa shuki catalpa shine farkon spring.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ana sayar da itatuwan naman alade a ɗakunan ajiya na musamman ko magunguna masu kyau.
Girman girma da kuma kulawa da kulawa
Catalpa tana nufin tsire-tsire marasa amfani. Its kula ne misali, shi kunshi a watering, fertilizing tare da kwayoyin abubuwa, weeding, sanitary pruning, m matakan da cututtuka da kwari.
Watering da ciyar
A lokacin zafi, ana bada shawarar yin shayarwa a mako-mako, ta hanyar amfani da buckets na ruwa guda biyu ga kowane itace. Sauran lokacin za ta sami biyu ko uku waterings kowace wata.
Dole ne ku ciyar da itace lokacin da dasa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, sau biyu ko sau uku a lokacin girma, an yi amfani da slurry (a cikin ruwa a cikin rabo na 1:10) - wannan ana daukarta mafi kyau taki don taliya. Zaka kuma iya takin Catalpa "Kemira Universal" (120 g / 1 m²). Kafin yin sanyaya ana buƙatar yawan watering.
Weeding da sassauta ƙasa
Bayan kowane ban ruwa, yana da shawara don sassauta ƙasa a cikin hawaye kewaye, hada shi da weeding daga weeds. Tsarkar ƙasa ya kamata zurfi - by 30-35 cm.
Pruning
Ana yin katse-gyaran catalpa don sanitary dalilai. Kowane spring dole ne cire lalace, da waxannan cututtuka da kuma tsohon rassan. Har ila yau, ana amfani da hairstyle a cikin itace don ba da kambi mai kyau da kyan gani.
Ana shirya don hunturu
Catalpa ba bambanta ba mai kyau sanyi juriya. Wannan shi ne ainihin gaskiya game da kananan bishiyoyi. Saboda haka, ya kamata a rufe su don lokacin hunturu. Kuna iya yin amfani da kullun burlap ko lapnik. A cikin kusa da kararrayi, don kauce wa daskarewa daga cikin tushen, wani lokacin farin ciki Layer na busassun ganye an zuba. Bayan mutuwar sanyi, a cikin bazara, an cire tsari ɗin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yayin da yake girma, itacen zai zama da wuya, kuma juriya na sanyi zai kara kowace shekara. Mafi yawan hunturu-hardy iri-iri ne catalpa ovoid. Ta yarda da digo a cikin zazzabi zuwa -29.° C.Ya faru cewa injin ya fice, amma ya dawo cikin bazara. Kuma, alal misali, iri-iri irin su Aurea, za su iya daskare ƙasa, sannan kuma su sake girma.
Kwaro da cututtuka na catalpa: yadda za a ajiye itace
Catalpa yana da wuya shafi cututtuka da kwari. Mafi sau da yawa yakan iya kai farmaki Spanish fly Don magance shi, ana amfani da kwari. Idan ba a lalata kwari ba, to, za a iya shawo kan ingancin shuka.
Har ila yau wani itace yana shafar naman gwari. Don kaucewa wannan, dole ne mu bi dokoki na yau da kullum na agrotechnology - ruwa a kai a kai da kuma sassauta ƙasa a cikin itatuwan itace. Idan ka fara cutar, zai iya sa itacen ya bushe ya mutu.
Haɗuwa da kuma amfani da catalpa a cikin abubuwan da suka dace
Kwanan nan, kamar shekaru goma da suka gabata, catalps ya girma ne kawai a cikin gidajen lambuna. A yau, ana amfani da wannan itace a cikin abubuwan da suke hadewa ta hanyar masu zane-zane, masu aikin lambu da na gari, wanda ke shuka bishiyoyi da megalopolises tare da taimakonsa, ya fadi da ƙaunar da shi, saboda catalps yarda da yanayin birane da kyau.
Idan muna magana game da dasa shuki a cikin birnin, kambin catalpa ya ba da inuwa mai kyau, don haka yana da kyau a dasa itace kusa da shaguna a wuraren hutawa. Haka kuma ya dace da dasa shuki tare da hanyoyi, hanyoyi, kusa da tafki. 
Itacen 'ya'yan itace yana da kyau duka a cikin tsire-tsire da kuma a cikin rukuni. A yankunan kudancin, an dasa shi ne a yankunan Magnolia, Gabas ta tsakiya, da holly. Oak, perennials, shuke-shuke bulbous na iya yin kyakkyawan kamfani na catalpa. Haɗuwa da nau'i daban-daban na catalpa a wuri guda yana da kyau.
Akwai nau'o'in, irin su Bignone Nana, wanda yake da kyau a kan mummunan rauni. Wannan dwarf iri-iri ne wanda aka fi so don mazauna birane, saboda bazai buƙatar babban wuri don dasa.
Hanyar haifuwa na catalpa
Catalpa yana da sauƙin girma a kansa, kamar yadda yana da hanyoyi da yawa na haifuwa: tsaba, cuttings, tushen suckers da inoculation. Mafi amfani da su shine hanyoyi biyu na farko.
Cuttings
Yankewa ya kamata a gudanar a rabi na biyu na rani. Cuttings an yanke daga lafiya da karfi rassan 10 cm tsawo.Ta kyawawa cewa suna da layi tafiyar matakai. Don shayarwa, ana sanya su a cikin cakuda mai yatsun nama. Kafin tushen ya bayyana, dole ne a shayar da su a kai a kai. Lokacin da aka kafa tushen tushen karfi kuma sprouts sun bayyana, za a iya cire cututtuka a cikin ƙasa.
Don itacen katalpa yayi amfani da wata hanya ta haifuwa - cututtuka. Yi shi a farkon spring. An yanke cuttings tare da matakai na layi da tare da apical toho. Sa'an nan kuma ana bi da su tare da girma stimulator kuma sanya a cikin wani greenhouse. Kula da cuttings zai zama a cikin watering, airing da hardening. An dasa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa ta bude kasa mai zuwa.
Honeysuckle capricoleum, plumeria, zamiokulkas, Juniper na China, diploadiya, bilberry, plum, korium, philodendron, da kuma dutsen ash (aronia) kuma suna yadawa ta hanyar cuttings.
Seed
Catalpa iri don kara sauƙi. Wannan ya kamata a yi a Fabrairu-Maris. An dasa shuki a cikin ruwa mai dumi kuma a ajiye shi a can na tsawon sa'o'i 7-12, sannan a sanya shi a cikin akwati tare da ƙasa, wanda aka sanya shi a wuri tare da hasken rana. Daga sama an rufe su da bakin ciki na bakin ƙasa. Landings rufe da fim ko gilashi. 
Ya kamata a shayar da bishiyoyi akai-akai. Idan zazzabi yana a matakin + 15 + +25 ° C, to, harbe zai bayyana a cikin watan. Da zarar sun gani, an buɗe fim din. A cikin bude ƙasa seedlings dasa a watan Mayu.
Za a iya shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa a bude. Duk da haka, za su kuma buƙata a rufe su da tsare. Kulawa a cikin wannan yanayin zai kasance a cikin watering da iska.
Itacen itacen fasto yana samun karuwar karuwa saboda kyawawan ƙarancinsa, unpretentiousness, tsayayya da cututtuka da cututtuka. Kada ku bar shi kadai da shayarwa, kawo sababbin iri da kuma hybrids. Ba haka ba da dadewa wani asali iri-iri an bred wanda yana da launin rawaya na zinariya. Yadda za a dasa katalpa, bayan karanta wannan labarin, ka sani. Yin kula da shi ba shine babban matsalolin ba, kuma yardar sha'awa wanda itace zai iya tanadar daga spring zuwa kaka ya fi dacewa da duk kokarin.
