Yadda zaka shuka itacen fure (rhododendron) a cikin yanayin Urals

Kalmar nan "rhododendron" ta ƙunshi kalmomin biyu "rhodon" da "dendron", wanda ke nufin "itace mai tsayi". Wannan sunan da aka dace ya dace da tsire-tsire, wanda a cikin lokacin flowering ana yi wa ado da furanni. Yau, rhododendron yana amfani dashi a cikin tsarin zane-zane - domin waɗannan shayarwa sun kirkiro iri daban-daban, ciki har da taurarin hunturu. Irin waɗannan lokutta sun zama cikakke ga yanayin mummunar yanayi na Urals, idan ya dace da yaddabarar su ta noma.

Abubuwan:

• Zabi wani wuri a kan shafin
• Zabi na seedlings
• Yadda za a shuka a kan shafin
• Yadda za a kula
• Tsarin hanyoyi
• Tsaba
• Cuttings
• Shiryawa
• Aikace-aikace a cikin zane-zane
• Bidiyo: yadda rhododendrons ke kumbura cikin Urals
• Shawarwari daga cibiyar sadarwa game da girma rhododendron

Kwayoyin hunturu-hardy da iri

Masana sun tabbatar da cewa wadannan jinsunan ba su buƙatar kulawa mai mahimmanci ba, sunyi haƙuri da sanyi da kuma jin dadi a cikin furanni. Bari mu dubi tsattsauran rhododendrons mai sanyi:

1. Daursky (dajiya). Wannan shududun daji yana da matsala mai yawa - zai iya kai 160-180 cm a tsawo. Lilac ko furanni masu furanni suna bayyana a cikin marigayi Afrilu - farkon Mayu. Amma ana iya lalacewa ta hanyar dogon lokaci, ko da yake a cikin hunturu maƙaryacin daji yana dauke da yanayin zafi har zuwa -45 ° C.
2. Kanada. Yana da nau'in nau'in (har zuwa 1 m a tsawo), yana da furen furen da furanni na lilac. Yana da sauki a kula da shi, kuma kambinsa ya zama daidai.

3. Rhododendron Ledebour (Maral). Tsarin shrub yana tsiro zuwa 170-190 cm, ko da yake yana da nau'i mai kyau. A farkon lokacin bazara, sai ya zana wasu tsohuwar ganye, kafin a watan Afrilu-Mayu don a rufe shi da furanni Lilac. Rhododendron zai jure yanayin zafi har zuwa -32 ° C, amma tsawon rashin zafi zai iya rushe girma.
4. Rhododendron Schlippenbach. Kyakkyawan kyau, amma nau'ikan jinsunan da aka jera a cikin Red Book of Rasha. Dangane da tsawo na 170-180 cm, sau da yawa kuskure ga itace, wanda manyan furanni da fararen, m, peach tones girma. Suna kallon kyawawan abubuwa a cikin fannoni na 4-5. Amma saboda sanyi, wannan jinsin yana da yanayin zafi har zuwa -32 ° C.
5. Yellow (Pontic Azalea). Wannan rhododendron ba shi da tsayi, kawai 100-130 cm, yana iya tsira da raguwa zuwa -32 ° C kuma ya girma ko da a ƙasa na neutral acidity. Zai faranta wa ubangijinsa murna tare da furanni masu launin furen da ke bayyana a tsakiyar Afrilu - farkon Mayu.

Idan ka fi son rhododendrons, wanda zai iya samun kwanciyar hankali a cikin kullun, karanta game da shahararren hunturu-hardy rhododendrons.

Zabi wani wuri a kan shafin

Kowace iri-iri da aka fi so, kafin dasa, bincika shafin don wuri mai kyau. Lokacin zabar shi, kula da waɗannan alamun:

1. Ƙasa. Rhododendrons suna son ƙarancin ƙasa, musamman peat. Za su so m peat substrate gauraye da yashi a cikin rabo 1: 1, seasoned tare da Pine needles da crushed Pine haushi. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi mai arziki a cikin humus da oxygen. Ba su yarda da takarmin dutse, alkaline ko tsaka tsaki ba.
2. Haskewa Gidan zai yi godiya ga wuri mai jin dadi a cikin inuwa mai haske daga bishiyoyi mafi girma, zai zama dace da ita daga gefen arewacin ginin, inda hasken rana ba zai kai shi ba a cikin zafi.
3. Windiness Rhododendrons ba sa son gusts mai iska da sanyi, don haka ba za a iya sanya su cikin wuraren budewa ba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Furen, ganye da kuma mai tushe na rawaya rhododendron suna da guba, don haka kana buƙatar yin aiki tare da su a hankali.

Zabi na seedlings

Mafi kyawun lokaci don dasa shuki iri-iri-iri iri zai kasance spring. Babban abu - don karɓar wannan lokaci da zama dole seedling. Da farko, yanke shawara irin irin sha'awa kake.

Nan gaba kana buƙatar samun mai sayarwa mai kyau. Kyautattun samfurori da ke samar da kaya da ƙwarewa, amma kafin ka sayi saya, karanta dubawa akan waɗannan kamfanoni. Tambayi a kusa da masu lambu da ka sani, nemi bayanai akan Intanet.

Shin kuna sani? A cikin duwatsu masu tsawo na Himalayas suna girma da ƙwayoyi na musamman, wanda ɓangaren ya ƙunshi guba. Yana samar da zuma, wanda yake buƙatar gaske tsakanin masu sha'awar maganin gargajiya. Yana da matukar wuya a tattara wannan guba mai guba, saboda yana faruwa a matakin 2500 m sama da tekun, da kuma nectar kanta tana da tasiri mai hallucinogenic akan masu karɓar.

Rhododendron Saplings

Idan akwai damar samun sapling daga wani lambu daga yankinku, wannan kuma babban zaɓi ne. Bayan haka, wannan shuka mai yiwuwa ya wuce haɓakawa kuma ya nuna kansa a cikin matsananciyar yanayi, don haka baza ku hadarin rasa shi ba bayan farkon hunturu.

Don sayen kayan haɗi a kasuwa ko gaskiya ne kawai a matsayin makomar karshe kuma kawai daga masu sayarwa masu dogara. Abin takaici, a irin wannan yanayi, masu sayarwa na iya rikita iri iri. Kuma ba koyaushe akwai masu sana'a masu kwarewa da zasu iya magana game da nuances na kula da sapling.

Sanar da kanka tare da jinsunan rhododendron mafi shahararrun: Ledebour, Dahurian da Schlippenbach.

Sayen lokaci yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Yana da kyau a yi wannan a cikin bazara, kafin dasa. Amma samfurori masu kyau ana sayar da su a cikin fall. Yaran da aka saya a watan Oktoba-Nuwamba yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye su don dasa shuki a cikin bazara. Don yin wannan, ana shuka shi a cikin akwati, an nannade shi sosai kuma an sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai nisa, kusurwar gonar. Mai girma, idan akwai wuri a cikin sanyi, ɗakin rufe. Tare da rashin iska mai zafi a wannan lokacin, sapling yana buƙatar tazarar lokaci.

Yana da muhimmanci! Dalili mai kyau don dasa shi ne shrub mai shekaru 2-4 mai girma tare da babban adadin harbe da kuma ganye mai laushi ba tare da alamun lalacewa ko cuta ba.

Tabbatar tabbatar da asalinsu: kada su kasance masu yatsa ko stains. A wannan zamani, sapling da ke girma daga iri da kuma a filin bude za ta kai 12-15 cm Kuma tsoffin cututtuka za su fi girma - 20-25 cm, kuma suna ganin mafi iko.

Zaɓin sapling mai kyau da wuri mai kyau don dasa, tafi kai tsaye zuwa tsari.

Yadda za a shuka a kan shafin

Mun fara saukowa na rhododendron da aka zaɓa a cikin bazara, kamar yadda farkon farkon Afrilu. Algorithm a cikin wannan yanayin mai sauƙi ne:

1. Kafin dasa, ƙananan seedling a cikin wani akwati da ruwa sabõda haka, tushen su ne cikakken tare da ruwa. Wannan zai taimaka musu su zauna a sabon wuri. Lokacin da kumfa iska ya daina bayyana a kan ruwa, wannan na nufin cewa rhododendron ya tattara ruwa mai yawa.
2. Duk da yake shan sapling, tono rami. Zurfin ya kamata 35-40 cm kuma nisa har zuwa rabin mita.
3. Mun sa na farko da minti 10 na rami tare da yashi da kuma malalewa mai laushi, sa'an nan kuma muyi kwakwalwan kyan zuma tare da loam (2: 1).
4. A cikin madauri muna yin haɓaka ga rhizome na rhododendron, inda yake da kyau kuma an saukar.
5. To yayyafa ƙasa sapling zuwa tushen wuyansa ya rufe, da kuma ƙasa leveled tare da ƙasa a kusa da.
6. A ƙarshe, mun zuba ruwa da kuma rufe wurin a kusa da gangar jikin tare da gansuka, ganye, murkushe itacen oak haushi. Irin wannan samfurin zai riƙe ruwan danshi da acidity na ƙasa.

Rhododendron dasa

Yana da muhimmanci! Don taimakawa tsire-tsire suyi tushe, a yanka na farko da a kan tsirrai jikinta. Sa'an nan kuma rhododendron zai aika karin dakarun zuwa ci gaba da asalinsu.

Tsire-tsire masu kyau shine kyakkyawar farawa, cigaban cigaban rhododendron ya dogara da kula da shi.

Yadda za a kula

Idan ka gudanar da zaɓin wurin da ya dace kuma ka gudanar da farawa na farko, kara kula zai zama sauƙi.

Bari muyi magana game da shi:

1. Top dressing. Rhododendron an ciyar da shi daga ranar dasa shuki har zuwa karshen lokacin flowering, sannan kuma daga bisani - kowane bazara. Don yin wannan, dauki ammonium nitrate ko ammonium sulfate, kazalika da superphosphate a cikin nau'in 20-40 g ta 1 sq. Km. Idan shuka yana kan ƙasa mai laushi ko ƙasa mai yashi, ƙara bayani na zobo ko citric acid (a daidai wannan rabo) zuwa saman hawan. 1-2 shekaru bayan dasa, lokaci ne da za a canja kashin saman ƙasa. Don yin wannan, za mu shirya wani matsayi na peat da humus (takin) a daidai rabbai, ƙara superphosphate, ammonium ko potassium (1 tbsp) kuma yayyafa ƙasa a kusa da shuka. Kafin ciyar da ku manta kada ku sha ruwan.
2. Watering A cikin batun batun samar da ruwa, rhododendron yana da tsayayyar tsire-tsire: yana jin dadi ba tare da yin amfani da ruwa ba, amma saboda yawancin lalacewar shi yana lalacewa. Daji da kanta za ta bayar da rahoto cewa yana buƙatar watering, tare da taimakon kayan shafawa da ƙura. Don yin ƙasƙantar da hankali, shirya ruwa a gaba idan yana daga famfo, amma ya fi kyau a yi amfani da ruwan dam. Kar ka manta don ƙara zuwa ruwa 2-3 handfuls na sphagnum peat 12-15 hours kafin watering.
3. Dakatarwa. Wannan wata hanya ce mai muhimmanci ga rhododendron, amma dole ne a gudanar da shi a hankali. Tushen shuka yana kusa da farfajiyar, saboda haka za mu sassauta a hankali kuma a hankali. Ana cire ƙudawan ne kawai ta hannun, ba tare da taimakon wuka da wuka na katako ba.
4. Gashi Ya zama wajibi ne kawai a farkon watan Maris - kafin motsin motsi na juices ya fara. Zaɓi manyan rassan rassan, tare da diamita na 3-4 cm, kuma yanke ƙarshen tare da shears na lambu, greasing da cuts da resin ko filin lambu. Bayan wata daya, injin zai manta sosai game da hanya, amma zai sami buds da sabbin furanni zasu bayyana. Irin wannan pruning zai taimaka wajen samar da kambi mai laushi, wanda zai yi ado da kowace gonar.
5. Cututtuka da kwari. Don rigakafin cututtuka, bi da ruwa na Bordeaux na ruwa kuma yana nufin daga cikin kwanciya da tsutsotsi masu tsari ("Thiram", "Karbofos") a ƙarshen kaka ko tsakiyar bazara. In ba haka ba, slugs da kuma gizo-gizo gizo-gizo za su bayyana a kan rassansa, wanda zai buƙaci a tattara su da hannu (bayan haka - bayan haka, aikin ya kamata a yi). Idan ingancin yana fama da rauni, to an cire sassan da aka shafa.

Idan ka damu da kiwon lafiya na bishiya, duba manyan cututtuka da kwari na rhododendron.

Domin shekaru 2-3, rhododendron ya shirya don jure wa hunturu hunturu, amma kafin sanyi ta farko a fili shine har yanzu yana da kyau don rufe daji tare da kayan da ba a saka ba.

Tsarin hanyoyi

Rhododendrons za a iya yada su ta amfani da:

• tsaba;
• cuttings;
• layering.

Kowace wa] annan hanyoyin yana da nasarorin kansa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Halin halayyar rhododendrons ba shi da fure. Da yake farin ciki da farin ciki na runduna a wannan shekara, shekara ta gaba ba zai kasance mai karimci ba. Don inganta halin da ake ciki, dace da yanke tsofaffi bayan da furanni, to, injin zai sami karfin karfi a nan gaba.

Tsaba

Wannan hanya ce mafi tsawo kuma mafi yawan aiki. Gudun ruwa a wannan yanayin zai faru ne kawai a shekara ta 4th.

Amma idan kun yanke shawarar yin aiki da wannan hanya, kuna buƙatar:

• ƙasa: ga substrate - dace peat, sod, coniferous tushe;
• lokaci mai dacewa: kana buƙatar shuka a watan Fabrairu-Maris ko Disamba-Janairu;
• Tsaba na iri-iri da kake so.

Shin kuna sani? Giant rhododendron shine mafi girma a cikin iyali, zai iya kai tsawon mita 30.

Rhododendron tsaba

Yanzu bari muyi maganar yadda za a yi amfani da shi duka:

1. Da farko, zamu kwantar da tsaba a cikewar stimulator na kwanaki da dama, ko kuma a yi amfani da shi a cikin firiji a ranar 3-5 ° C.
2. Kafin dasa shuki, haɗuwa da tsaba tare da yashi kuma ka nutse su a cikin akwati tare da kasar gona ba zurfi fiye da 1.5-2 cm, in ba haka ba za su ci gaba da hatsi ba.
3. Yi amfani da sauƙi da yaduwa da seedlings tare da ruwan dumi kuma tare da gilashi ko fim don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse.
4. Na gaba, yana da muhimmanci a ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don shuka germination. Saboda haka kana buƙatar zafin jiki na 10-16 ° C, zafi a cikin kewayon 25-40% kuma babu rani mai haske.
5. Da safiya da maraice, ana buƙatar gadaje, kuma akai-akai da zazzagewa.
6. Lokaci na fitowar sabbin furanni ya dogara da iri-iri, amma a matsakaita yana ɗaukar makonni 2-3. Bayan kadan daga bisani za a gani da cotyledons, wanda zai iya raba shuke-shuke. Idan sun duba a cikin daban-daban wurare, yana nufin cewa suna bukatar a tsince su a nesa da 1.5-2 cm.
7. Tsakanin tsakiyar kaka, lokacin da tsire-tsire suna da ganye 5-9, lokaci ya yi da za a tattara su a cikin kwantena. Don yin wannan, za ku buƙaci tukwane da diamita na 3-5 cm, a kan abin da muke sa magudanai daga tubali mai fashe, da kuma lakabi da kuma pebbles. A cikin sabon tanki ya zama abin da ake so: peat, Pine needles da sod sodiya (2: 1: 1) tare da 2 tbsp. l yashi.
8. Domin kada a lalata tushen asarar, dashi na rhododendron tare da clod na duniya.
9. Kodayake karfin ya riga ya saba, amma yanayi na ci gaban shine har yanzu: inuwa daga hasken rana, hasken rana da watering.
10. Da farkon shekaru 2 bayan shuka, saplings kai 4-5 cm kuma suna da dozen ganye. Yanzu za su buƙaci tukunya na 5-7 cm a diamita, amma girke-girke na substrate iri daya ne.
11. An yi girma a cikin rani-rani a cikin gonar, yana ɓoye daga rana. Kuma kafin fari na farko ya koma dakin inda aka ajiye yawan zazzabi a matakin 8-11 ° C, da kuma zafi - 40-45%.
12. Da farko na zafi, mun dauki tukwane cikin gonar kuma mun sauke su a ƙasa. Ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata, kuma sau ɗaya a cikin kwata munyi daskarewa tare da tsari na 4 ga tsire-tsire na cikin gida. A ƙarshen kaka ana mayar da tsire-tsire cikin dakin.
13. Domin shekaru 4, ana maimaita wannan tsari, ko da yake wasu nau'in (Dahurian, Ledebour) sun riga sun shirya don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa. Domin shekaru 5, kowane nau'i na rhododendrons ya girma don cikakken saukowa.

Harbe na rhododendron

Shin kuna sani? Rhododendron mai girma-laved - alama ce babban birnin Amurka na birnin Washington.

Girman tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire daga 'ya'yan itace ya cancanta daga yanayin kiwon lafiyarsu, saboda tsire-tsire da aka samo ta wannan hanya sun fi karfi kuma sun fi karfin waɗanda aka samu daga cuttings ko cuttings.

Cuttings

Wannan hanya tana aiki da sauri fiye da haifuwa da tsaba. Amma ba dukkanin jinsuna sun yarda da shi ba sosai: ƙananan Daurian rhododendron da Ledebour sun fi dacewa da hanya, yayin da rawaya, Pontic, Schlippenbach ba da tushe ba.

Girbi zai fara a ƙarshen flowering, daga May zuwa Yuni. Don haifuwa, zaɓi dan kadan ƙaddara harbe ko kore tip. Kwanan da aka ƙaddara na harbe shi ne 5-8 cm, yawanci suna da 4-6 ganye.

An ƙarfafa masu kula da kwarewa don samun koyo game da kulawa da dasa shuki na rhododendron.

Rhododendron Stalk

Mun fara aiwatar da dasa shuki tare da yankan:

1. Mun raba shuk din a ƙarƙashin abincin barci, cire saman da ƙananan ganyayyaki daga ciki. Ƙasa (1-2 cm) mun tsabtace launin launi - a nan gaba zai taimakawa wajen shafewa.
2. Sanya sare a yanka a cikin girma stimulator na tsawon awa 15-17 don ba da karfi ga kwayar gaba.
3. Mun shirya substrate don dasa shuki - ya ƙunshi tsarki kogin yashi da peat a daidai rabbai.
4. A cikin damar farkon 8-10 cm sa claydite, sa'an nan - 7-8 cm na substrate, sa'an nan - 1-2 cm na yashi.
5. Mu ƙaddamar da stalk a cikin ƙasa don tsawon tsawon yanki, yayyafa da substrate da ruwa. Rufe akwati tare da fim ko gilashi, sa'annan boye shi a cikin inuwar hasken rana kai tsaye. Kyakkyawan zafin jiki na cikin gida don cin nasarar shuka shine 16-21 ° C.
6. Idan ka shirya shuka wasu takardu a lokaci guda, to, nisa tsakanin su ya zama akalla 4-5 cm.
7. Rigin ya dogara da nau'in, amma a matsakaita, zai ɗauki kwanaki 40 zuwa 120 don ramin tushe ya bayyana.
8. An dasa dasu samfurori a cikin manyan kwalaye, inda nisa tsakanin rhododendrons ya riga ya kasance 8-10 cm. Za a buƙaci ƙwayar ruwan itace, ganye, yashi da kuma allura (2: 2: 1: 1) a matsayin ƙasa. Freshly transplanted cuttings ana aika zuwa cikin daki da low zafin jiki na 3-7 ° C. Kar ka manta da tsuntsaye sama kafin wannan.
9. Idan buds ya bayyana na gaba bazara, dole ne a cire su don kada su rabu da sprout. Bugu da ƙima muka ɗora sama, kuma tare da farawa na zafi muna shuka shuki a cikin ƙasa, a kan samfurin da aka bayyana a sama.
10. Sabon rhododendron yana buƙatar watering da spraying a yau da kullum, kuma ya kamata a cike shi kafin sanyi.

Sake gyaran rhododendron cuttings

Don shekaru 3 an shuka shi don dasawa (idan ya cancanta) zuwa wurin zama na dindindin, kuma yana iya yarda da furanni.

Shin kuna sani? Matsakaicin iyakar da rhododendrons ya hadu ya kai mita dubu shida a saman teku.

Shiryawa

Hanya na uku ya dace wa waɗanda basu buƙatar mai yawa sababbin bushes. Duk da haka, tuna cewa tsire-tsire daga cuttings ba sanannun ba ne don tsawon lokaci da lafiya. Rhododendron layering

Amma don samun sabon kwafi a wannan hanyar yana da sauki:

1. A cikin Mayu-Yuni, dauki wata igiya daga ƙasa na daji kuma ya ajiye shi a cikin karamin ɗakin a ƙasa.
2. Fasa yayyafa wuri tare da kayan gandun daji na gida tare da kara da peat, kuma saita ginshiƙin guntu a tsaye, tare da ɗaukar shi zuwa goyon baya.
3. Domin cuttings sunyi tushensu da jimawa, dole ne a shayar da shi a kai a kai, hana ƙasa daga bushewa daga wannan wuri.
4. Zuwa hunturu, kunsa sabon sprout tare da ciyawa da spruce rassan.
5. Yana da kyawawa don raba gudun hijirar daga iyaye a cikin bazara, shekara ta uku bayan yankan, amma wasu lambu sun riga sun yi a cikin kaka na biyu.
6. Gidan daji na gaba zai dasa shi zuwa cikin jin dadi, rufe iska da rãnun wuri inda tsire-tsire za ta sami ƙarfin don shekaru 2-3 masu zuwa.
7. Bayan wannan, an yi girma da balagagge zuwa wurin da aka tsara.

Rhododendron haifuwa ta layering

Aikace-aikace a cikin zane-zane

Rhododendron - babban ado ga kowane shafin. Babbar abu shine a zabi shi, kamar lu'u lu'u-lu'u, wuri mai kyau.

Ya dubi kyawawan kungiyoyi masu yawa da ke hade da shi, wanda ya ba shi da inuwa mai inganci. Kuma ferns, host, juniper jaddada siffofin asalin rhododendron.

Yana da muhimmanci! Masu ado suna son wannan shuka don dogon lokaci na flowering, don haka a cikin manyan yankuna iri ba sababbin ba tsince su a cikin hanyar da suke yi a cikin juyi.

Кстати, рододендроны прекрасно смотрятся как по одному экземпляру, так и группами в 3-5 кустов. Маленькие кустики станут украшением для бордюров и небольших клумб, экземпляры повыше используют для посадки вдоль стен домов. Kuma manyan manyan launi guda biyu, masu tsalle-tsalle za su taka rawar "ƙofa" na halitta a cikin yadi ko gonar.

Ganin dukkanin siffofi na ɓarna a cikin Siberia, a yankin Moscow da yankin Leningrad.

Ko da yake itacen fure ba shi da dangantaka da rassan gargajiya, duk da haka ta bayyanar da launuka masu launin ba'a jawo hankali ba. Kwayoyin hunturu masu zafi sunyi amfani da tsauraran nauyin Urals, idan mai kula da kulawa ya kula dasu. Muna fatan cewa wannan labarin zai taimake ku a cikin ci gaba da girma rhododendron, kuma mai kyau lush daji za su yi ado da farmstead.

Bidiyo: yadda rhododendrons ke kumbura cikin Urals

Shawarwari daga cibiyar sadarwa game da girma rhododendron