Pepper, kamar sauran albarkatun gona, yana iya faruwa da cutar, ana kwantar da shi ta hanyar kwari wanda ba zai iya rage amfanin gona kawai ba, har ma ya hallaka shi gaba daya. Yawancin cututtuka suna ɗauke da kwari ko tsire-tsire, don haka magance su babbar taimako ne ga girbi mai kyau. Ayyukan cututtuka na iya dogara ne akan ƙayyadaddun ci gaban ci gaban barkono. Gaskiya ita ce, akwai hanyoyin da za a magance su. A cikin wannan labarin za muyi la'akari da yadda za a rarraba harin a lokaci kuma mu ɗauki matakai masu dacewa.
Cututtuka
Pepper ne batun fungal, cututtuka na kwayan cuta da cututtuka. Haka kuma akwai kwari kwari wanda zai iya haifar da mummunar lalacewar tsire-tsire. Yi la'akari da kowane irin cututtuka daki-daki.
Koyi game da aikace-aikace na kore, m, baki, ja, kore Bulgarian, barkono cayenne, chili.
Cututtuka na Fungal
Maganar irin wannan cututtuka sune kwayoyin halitta, fungi, suna haifar da lalacewar tsire-tsire ta muhimman ayyuka. Ga jerin sunayen su:
- Black kafa - rinjayi ƙananan ɓangare na kara tare da naman gwari, tare da irin wannan cutar da tushe ya juya baƙar fata kuma ya bushe, to, injin ya mutu. Dalilin bayyanar zai iya zama lalacewa mai zurfi, canjin canji a cikin zafin jiki, ko kuma mai matukar damuwa. Saboda haka, domin kawar da wannan harin, ya isa ya tabbatar da tsarin zazzabi, yawan sauyawa da kuma fitar da layuka. Ana bada shawara a bi da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Barrier" (rabbit: 3 caps da lita 1 na ruwa).
- Fusarium - halayyar alamun sune ganye na haske launin launi, da kuma wilting da sauri. Sakamakon kamuwa da cuta - ƙananan laima da haɓaka yanayi. Ciyayi marasa lafiya baza'a iya samun ceto ba, saboda haka an bada shawara su cire su, kuma su aiwatar da ƙasa a ƙarƙashin su tare da bayani na 1% na potassium permanganate. Don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire su rage yawan adadin watering zuwa 1 lokaci a kowace mako, kazalika da daidaita yanayin zazzabi. Don prophylaxis, dole ne mu bi da tsire-tsire tare da shirye-shirye da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin marigayi blight.
- Late Blight - halayyar halayyar bayyanar shine bayyanar mutum mai launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye da kuma kara. Sakamakon wannan cuta yana haifar da matsanancin danshi. Don kawar da marigayi marigayi, an bada shawara don bushe ƙasa kuma rage yawan watering. Don yin amfani da kwayoyi "oxyhom" da "Barrier".
Koyi bambance-bambance a tsakanin masu barkono na iri na Ratunda, mai suna Soloist, Golden Miracle, Swallow, Kapsikum, Atlas, Kakadu, Kunnen Cow, Miracle, Habanero, Gemini F1, Antey, Belozerka, Anastasia, California Miracle, Claudio F1, Gypsy F1, Bogatyr.
- Gishiri mai laushi - Yanayin rarrabe shi ne samin launin toka mai launin toka a kan sashin tushen. Sugar wuce haddi yana taimakawa wajen bayyanar da shi. Don hana cutar, yana da daraja bushewa ƙasa kuma cire sassa masu cutar. Bayan haka ya zama dole don aiwatar da barkono tare da irin shirye-shirye kamar "Fundazol", "Previkur".
- Brown spotting (cladosporiosis) - alama ta jiki shine bayyanar a waje da ganyen launin ruwan kasa da launin toka a ciki. Idan ba a ba da izini ba, ganyayyaki sun mutu kuma dukan injin ya mutu. Lokacin da aka gano waɗannan alamu, ya kamata a magance masu barkono tare da masu amfani da ƙwayar cuta.
- Pepper anthracnose - daya daga cikin cututtukan fungal mafi hatsari saboda yiwuwar lalacewar su a duk matakai na ci gaban shuka. Yana rinjayar duka ganye da 'ya'yan itace. Halin halayen shine bayyanar yatsun necrotic zagaye a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganye (launi na spots daga sandy zuwa launin ruwan kasa). Don magani, magani tare da wani bayani na Cakuda Bordeaux ko jan karfe oxychloride ana amfani.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dukkan cututtukan fungal sunyi fushi da haɗari, saboda haka wajibi ne a kiyaye tsarin mulkin rani.
Kwayoyin cututtuka
Domin irin wannan cuta yana nuna wurin kasancewar yankunan da ke kusa da shi, suna tafowa akan ganye daga launin launin toka zuwa baki. Rashin ci gaba da cutar tana taimakawa wajen yin yalwaci da ƙananan zafin jiki. Ga jerin cututtuka mafi yawan cututtuka:
- Gudun Gudun Juyawa - tasowa akan 'ya'yan itace daga gefen kofin. Da farko, ƙananan karamin ya bayyana, wanda daga bisani ya kara zuwa dukan tayin. Tayin da aka kamu da kwayoyin ya juya zuwa cikin wani wuri mai dadi mai dadi da fata daga sama. Lokacin da fatar jiki ta rabu, an saki wani fararen taro mai tsabta. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ne ta hanyar ruwa, seedlings ko ƙasa. Gwajin kwayoyin a cikin ƙasa, saboda haka daya daga cikin matakan tsaro shine zurfafawa da girmamawa don juyawa amfanin gona. Ana bada shawara don fesa tare da bayani na jan karfe sulfate.
- Labaran kwayar cutar - ya bayyana na farko tare da wurare masu tasowa a kan ganye da kuma tushe, wanda daga bisani ya canza zuwa ƙwayoyin launin ruwan kasa tare da farin ciki. Kwayar cuta ta yaudarar ta haifar da kullun da kuma mutuwar shuka a sakamakon. Ana fitar da cutar ta hanyar ƙasa, kamuwa da cutar da kuma shuka. Ana bada shawara don cire tsire-tsire a yayin da aka gano alamar cututtuka, sauran ya kamata a bi da su da jan karfe sulfate. Don kauce wa sake kamuwa da cutar a kakar wasa mai zuwa shine kiyaye tsinkayen gona. Ginin na gaba na barkono - ba a baya fiye da shekaru 3 ba.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kwayar cuta ta kwayar cutar tana daukar kwayar ta hanyar tsaba. An bada shawara a bi da tsaba kafin dasa. Wannan zai taimaka kaucewa ko rage yawan yiwu pathogens.
- Verticillus (Wilt) - Kwayar cutar kwayan cuta wadda ke da asymptomatic a matakin farko. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da cutar, an rufe bishiyoyi da kuma sayen wata siffar da aka gina. Haka kuma cututtukan da ake shafewa kuma ba za a iya bi da su ba, saboda haka an cire tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire kuma kone su. Don hana sake sake kamuwa da cutar shine yada ƙasa.
Koyi yadda za a shuka tsaba kafin dasa shuki, lokacin da za a shuka barkono, dalilin da ya sa ganye na barkono seedlings juya launin rawaya, yadda za a ciyar da seedlings, yadda za a magance barkono a bude ƙasa, yadda za a siffa barkono bushes, yadda za a shirya barkono don hunturu.
Kwayoyin cututtuka
Irin wannan cututtukan ne mafi sau da yawa ana daukar su ta hanyar kwari. Dangantaka, ganye suna rufewa da daban-daban, akwai raguwa a ci gaba, sun zama marasa lafiya, amma ba za a faru ba. Pepper yana halin irin wannan cututtukan cututtuka:
- Mosaic taba - halin bayyanar wani nau'i na mosaic a kan ganyen haske da duhu. A hankali, mutuwar nama yana faruwa a wuraren da aka shafa. Masu sufuri ne tururuwa da aphids. Idan ana samun alamar bayyanar cututtuka, to kula da shuka tare da Chrysomal. Don prophylaxis, ya kamata a gudanar da magani na iri kafin a dasa shuki tare da cututtuka kuma a yi la'akari da gyaran gona.
- Stolbur - bayyanar cututtuka suna tsarke, dwarfism. Young bar curl da wither. A kan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma suna iya kasancewa mara ƙarfi. Ɗauki mites, cicadas, aphid. Hanyar da za ta iya kawar da cutar ita ce hallakar lalacewar tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cutar, da yaki da magungunan kwari. Tsaba da seedlings ana shuka su ne tare da disinfectants kafin dasa. Masu shayarwa suna bada shawarar samar da gadaje da madara mai yalwa a kowace kwanaki 10 don cututtukan cututtuka - wannan yana taimaka wajen rage ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Bronze (hange za) - cutar yada ta thrips. Alamar alama ita ce launi na ganye a cikin tagulla ko launin toka-muni. Don kawar da wannan ciwo, dole ne a cire dukkan yankunan da aka shafa, kuma tsire-tsire za su bi da Fundazol (cire 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke kafin a lura da su).
Shin kuna sani? An ƙaddara siffar barkono akan sikelin Scoville. A cikin barkono mai dadi (Bulgarian), matakin zangon da aka yi ya kasance daga 0 zuwa 100 points. Cayenne barkono yana nuna sakamakon sakamakon maki 30-50. Mafi mahimmanci a kan wannan sikelin shine nau'in iri-iri na Artificially bred Carolina Reaper, wanda yana da wutar lantarki na raka'a dubu biyu da dubu 200.
Jarabawa
Ba wai kawai fungi ba, ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin cutar suna da haɗari ga barkono. Akwai adadin kwari wanda zai iya haifar da mummunan lalacewar amfanin gona:
- Slugs - ciyar da ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Yana haifar da lalata. Don magance slugs, suna amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Strela", da kuma amfani da grooves a kusa da bushes da aka fesa da lime turmi. Har ila yau, yana taimakawa wajen sassauta ƙasar kusa da bishiyoyi tare da ƙara yayyafa shi da ƙwayar mustard da ƙwayar ƙasa.
- Aphid - ci ruwan 'ya'yan itace, haddasa wilting, ugliness da lalacewar amfanin gona. Suna zaune a kan ganyayyaki, suna sa su karkata. Don magance aphids amfani da kwari "karbofos", "Keltan". M magani tare da tincture na ash da ruwa soap (10 lita na ruwa, 1 kopin ash da 1 tablespoon na sabulu ruwa).
- Gizo-gizo mite - Har ila yau, yana ciyar da tsire-tsire. Ana iya samuwa a kasan takardar. Yanar gizo a kan rassan barkono ne halayyar alama ce ta wannan kaska. Tick yana da masu sukar ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa, kuma irin kwayoyi irin su Fufanon, Karbofos, Phosbecid ko Actellic suna da tasiri don kawar da su.
- Farin tashi - kwari wanda ke ɗauke da wasu cututtuka na fungal. Lokacin da aka gano wannan kwari, an bada shawara a wanke tsire-tsire ta ruwa mai tsabta, sassauta ƙasa da kuma zuba peat ko yashi. Don aiwatar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da aka tattara tare da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Commodore" (nauyin: 1 g da 10 l na ruwa). Ya kamata a lalata shuke-shuke da kansu bayan girbi.
- Wireworm - wannan ita ce tsutsa na danna. Yana da launi mai launin launin ruwan kasa-launin ruwan kasa da kuma jikin jiki mai wuya. Yana ciyarwa a kan tushen kuma yana iya haifar da mummunan lalacewar shuka. A cikin ƙasa na iya zama har zuwa shekaru 5. Don kawar da wannan kwaro ya samar da wuri mai zurfi (waya zai mutu daga yanayin zafi a cikin hunturu). Haka kuma yana yiwuwa a shimfiɗa da baits: guda na tushen amfanin gona suna dage farawa daga cikin wani hanya a nesa na 30-35 cm, wanda aka bari bayan kwanaki 2-3 da kuma halakar da wireworms samu a can.
Shin kuna sani? Bulgarian barkono yana dauke da hormone na farin ciki. Wannan hormone ma yana cikin cakulan, amma barkono ya kasa kalori.Cututtuka da kwari da barkono suna da yawa, kuma wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa lambu ba suyi kokarin girma wannan al'ada ba. Akwai shawarwari na musamman don rage yiwuwar mummunar cututtuka: rike nauyin gona, sayen iri iri, kula da tsaba kafin dasa shuki, dasa wuri, da kuma share weeds. Yin la'akari da waɗannan dokoki masu sauƙi, ganewa da amsawa ga cututtuka na barkono a lokaci, zaku iya inganta wannan al'ada mai ban sha'awa.
