Itacen itace "Jonagold" na tsawon shekaru goma yana da nasaba da yawancin iri da yawa a duniya. Ta dace ya cancanci irin wannan sanarwa saboda kyakkyawan halaye, wanda zamu tattauna a cikin labarin.
Tarihin kiwo
"Jonagold" - apple iri-iri, bred a 1943 a Geneva (Amurka) saboda sakamakon ƙetare zabi biyu - "Golden Delicious" da "Jonathan". Amma a farkon wannan jinsin ba'a samu karbar sananne ba tsakanin masu shayarwa, kuma tun 1953 a Amurka sun manta game da shi, sun dakatar da wani bincike. Ƙunƙun daji na farko na itacen apple "Jonagold" ya bayyana a shekarun 1960 bayan ya yada a ƙasashen ƙasashen Turai kamar Belgium da Netherlands.
Harshen wannan iri-iri a ƙasashen USSR ya zo ne a farkon shekarun 1970s, kuma tun daga shekarun 1980s an riga an wakilta shi a dukan rukunonin Tarayyar Soviet ba tare da banda. A cikin tsakiyar shekarun 1980, itacen apple ya ce "Jonagold" ya wuce nasarar gwaje-gwaje a kan tashar ilimin kimiyya na gandun daji da steppe da Ukraine. A kan kwarangwal a kudancin Polesie, an yi nazarin iri-iri domin juriya mai sanyi.
Bayanin itace
Itacen bishiyoyi "Jonagold" suna cikin tsire-tsire masu girma da tsayayye. Bisa ga bayanin, wakilan matasa na iri-iri suna bambanta da wani kambi mai tsayi mai mahimmanci, wanda, a tsawon lokaci, ya sake canza shi a matsayin mai siffar siffar da ƙananan rassan rassan. Shirye-shiryen rassan skeletal dangane da gangar jikin yana samar da fadi da dama. 
Beregoobrazovanie wannan iri-iri yana dauke da matsakaicin matsakaici, da kuma ƙwarewar kodan sama da matsakaicin matakin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a kan bishiyoyi an kafa ba kawai a kolchatka ba, har ma a kan bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara.
Tsayar da injin apple ya kamata ya mai da hankali a lokacin zabar iri, ku fahimci halaye na apple bishiyoyi Melba, Ola, Kandil Orlovsky, Papirovka, Nedzvetskogo, Antonovka, Tsarin Arewa.
Hoto Bayanan
Apples sun fi girma ko girma fiye da matsakaicin matsakaici, tun da matsakaicin nau'in nau'in nau'in 170-230 g, maras kyau da samfurori suna kimanin 250 g. 'Ya'yan itatuwa suna nuna nau'i ne mai siffar koɗaɗɗɗa, nau'in abu guda tare da ɗanɗɗar magana a cikin' ya'yan itace.
Kwafa na apples yana da matsakaicin kauri, rubutu mai laushi, mai mahimmanta tare da kakin zuma. Ana nuna launin launi mai laushi a cikin duhu da launuka masu launin ruwan duhu tare da duhu mai launin murfi wanda yake zaune a mafi yawan su.
A ciki da apples suna halin wani fairly mai yawa, m da crunchy nama tare da yellowing tinge. Suna dandana ƙanshi-mai dadi tare da dan kadan. Gaba ɗaya, dandano wannan iri-iri yana kiyasta akan maki 4.6-4.8. 
Shin kuna sani? Saboda girman ingancin 'ya'yan itace "Jonagold" yana cikin mafi kyau bishiyoyi mafi kyau a duniya.
Bukatun Lighting
Lokacin da dasa shuki seedlings domin yawancin yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da matukar muhimmanci a la'akari da bukatun don hasken wuta. Itacen itace "Jonagold" tana nufin launin haske. Sabili da haka, wurin dasawa ya kamata a koyaushe ya zama haske kuma ya buɗe zuwa rana sosai.
Bukatun shara
Kafin sayen sapling na apples apples iri ɗaya, ka tabbata cewa ƙasa a kan shafin mafi kyau hadu da dukan bukatun. Tun da apple apple "Dzhonagold" yana nufin iri-iri masana'antu, kasar gona don dasa shuki a wuri na fari ya kamata ba nauyi, mafi yawan loamy da sandy ƙasa. Bai bada izinin ƙasa ba, matakin ruwan ƙasa ya wuce 1.5-2 m zuwa surface. 
Ruwan jini
"Jonagold" wata alama ce mai mahimmanci na irin nau'o'in triploid. Wannan yana nufin cewa don yawan amfanin ƙasa, akalla 2 nau'in pollinators ake bukata. A karkashin yanayin zabe a kan bishiya, ba a ɗauka fiye da kashi 20 cikin 100 na 'ya'yan itatuwa ba, ko ma kasa. Mafi kyawun masu binciken pollinators don apple apple "Jonagold" sun hada da "Gloucester", "Aydared" da "Elstar".
Fruiting
"Dzhonagold" tana nufin skoroplodnyh iri, tun lokacin da 'ya'yan fari sun fara a cikin na biyu ko na uku bayan dasa. A nan gaba, bishiyoyi suna bada 'ya'ya a kowace shekara.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yanayin yanayi a lokacin da aka samu ovary da fruiting suna da tasiri a kan yawan amfanin gonar.
Gestation lokacin
Kalmar da aka samo daga cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa a farkon rabin watan Satumba. Kada ka firgita idan apples ba ze zama cikakke ba. A lokacin da aka cire daga itacen, ya kamata su sami launi mai launin launin ruwan-orange da ruwan hoda. Amma kada ku ji tsoron wannan, saboda mai girma mabukaci na 'ya'yan itace ya riga ya kasance a watan Janairu. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Kar ka ɗiban 'ya'yan itatuwa daga itacen da ke da launi mai launi.
Yawo
A yawan amfanin gonar apple "Jonagold" yana da girma kuma a hankali yana karuwa. Ta haka ne, apples apples 7-8 ba da adadin 15 kg affle, shekaru 9-12 - 40-50 kg, kuma itatuwa na shekaru 20-30 haihuwa 60-100 kg kowace shekara daga wani itace.
Transportability da ajiya
Ana daukar nauyin transportability mai girma. Yayin da ake kai apples daidai adana gabatarwarsu. Zaka iya adana 'ya'yan itace ta amfani da zabin biyu:
- a cikin firiji a zafin jiki na 2-3 digiri ana adana 'ya'yan itatuwa har zuwa Afrilu.
- a ajiya, cellar - har zuwa Fabrairu.
Cututtuka da ƙwayar cuta
Wanda aka yi la'akari da ire-iren itatuwan apple bai isa ya dace da cututtuka da kwari ba. A cikin adawa ga scab, yana da matsakaicin. 
Domin cututtuka masu hatsari da hatsari don apple itatuwa su ne powdery mildew. Dangane da ƙananan ma'aunin masu juriya, yana da muhimmanci don taimakawa itatuwa da yawa don magance irin wannan cuta. A cikin bazara "Jonagold" dole ne ya bi Bordeaux bayani. A cikin lokacin bayan kafa buds kuma kafin itatuwa masu furewa ya kamata a yada su da magunguna masu amfani da jan ƙarfe.
Winteriness hardiness
Hardiness ba zai iya kiran ƙarfin wannan nau'in ba, yana da ƙasa ko matsakaicin ko kaɗan. Bishiyoyi sun dage tsayayyen matsanancin matsananciyar yanayin canjin yanayi. A cikin yanayin yanayi mai tsanani, itatuwan suna samun lalacewar lalacewa, bayan haka suna da tsawo sosai kuma ba a sake dawo da su ba, wanda hakan yana shafar yawan karuwar su.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin shekarun 1980s, bishiyoyi ba zasu iya farfadowa ba bayan tsananin sanyi a Polesie na Ukraine. Bayan shekaru biyu an cire su.
Amfani da 'ya'yan itace
Ana kirkiro bishiyoyi na wannan nau'i kamar 'ya'yan itatuwa da amfani da duniya. Suna da kyau ba kawai sabo ba, har ma a cikin kowane nau'i na karewa - juices, compotes, dankali dankali, jams, kiyayewa. Babban buƙatar 'ya'yan itatuwa "Jonagold" ta samar da masana'antun abinci na jarirai wanda ke sarrafa su a busassun foda.
Lokacin da yayi girma apples, ya kamata mutum ya bi ka'idojin dasa, ciyarwa, farawa, pruning, spraying.
Ƙarfi da raunana
Bayan nazarin dukkanin siffofin bishiyoyin apple "Jonagold", yana da muhimmanci a nuna muhimmancin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da rashin amfani. 
Ayyukan bayyane na wannan iri-iri sune wadannan:
- manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa tare da kyakkyawan bayyanar da dandano halaye;
- yawan amfanin ƙasa mai karfin gaske;
- precociousness;
- high transportability;
- dogon ajiya;
- amfani da duniya a dafa abinci.
Amma daga cikin adadi mai yawa akwai alamun rashin amfani:
- low cuta juriya;
- rashin ƙarfi a cikin hunturu.
