Kufeya mai kyau ne na shekara-shekara ko tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa wanda zai kara halayyar kayan ado masu kyau a duk wani tireshi, gadon filawa, da kuma alley. Saboda siffar tubularsa, furanni na shuka suna kama da cigaban cigaba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suke kira Kufeya wani itace na taba. A cikin labarin za mu tattauna game da dasa shuki da kula da kufey, inda kuma a wace yanayin da ya kamata a yi girma, ta yaya kuma lokacin da ruwa, abin da takin mai magani ya ciyar.
Bayani
Furen suna da suna suna godiya ga kyawawan 'ya'yan itace. "Kufei" a cikin Hellenanci yana nufin "hanyoyi". Tsarin gine-ginen da ke cikin yankin tsakiya da kudancin Arewacin Amirka ya sami aikace-aikace mai ban sha'awa a kasarmu. Cigarette itace, a mafi yawan lokuta, ana amfani da shi a cikin kayan ado da kuma wuri mai faɗi, amma wasu 'yan kasuwa sun bunkasa shi don tarin albarkatun lauric sannan suka sayar da shi a kasuwa. 
A cikin asalin ƙasar yana da fiye da nau'in 250 na wannan shuka. Bugu da ƙari, masu shayarwa suna nuna sababbin nau'o'in da suka bambanta da haske da furanni. An dauki Mexico a matsayin wurin haifuwa na furen, inda yake faruwa a cikin nau'i biyu - shekara guda da dogon lokaci.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ramin tsakanin tsirrai Kufei a saukowa ya zama akalla 35 cm.
A ƙasarmu na kasarmu, wannan kyan gani yana girma a matsayin tsirrai a kowace shekara, amma wasu masu son shuka suna son yin tunani a kan kufeya a cikin ɗakin. A yankunan kudancin, inda ba'a nuna bambanci a cikin tsuttsauran rana, tsire-tsire na iya saukewa kuma ya watsar da fararen farko ta ƙarshen Maris.
Sakamakon bambancin furen shine gaskiyar cewa ta yi fure daga marigayi Maris zuwa tsakiyar watan Satumba. (Dole ne ku yarda cewa yiwuwar yin ado ga wani wurin shakatawa na wuri mai faɗi ko gidan ƙwaƙwalwar gida yana da muhimmanci). 
Kufei ganye su ne m, duhu kore flower, kananan, dimbin yawa kamar na elongated oval tare da kaifi karshen. Gwargwadon kanta na iya kaiwa tsawo na 40-50 cm, amma masu sana'a masu zane-zane na iya ba da shuka kowane girman ta hanyar yin amfani da shi na yau da kullum. Furen wannan kyakkyawa suna ƙananan, amma a kan tsire guda suna da yawa. Girman furen kewayo yana kusa da 2 zuwa 3.5 cm. Launi na furanni zai iya zama daban-daban: fure-jan, purple-violet, lemun tsami-farar fata.
Iri da iri
Kamar yadda muka fada, akwai nau'in nau'in 250 na wannan tsire-tsire, amma mafi yawansu ba a sake su ba kamar kayan ado. Ma'aikatan fure-fure na amateur a kasarmu sun san kawai wasu 'yan kafei, wanda zamu bayyana a cikin daki-daki.
Kufeya daukaka
Irin wannan itace na cigaba yana da kyau sosai kuma yana da kyau, saboda haka sun fi so su bunkasa shi a cikin gida, a kan baranda, a wasu yankunan kudancin - a kan tuddai ko gadaje masu fure. Kufeya izopolopolnaya yana da karfi da rassa rassan da ba karya ko da da karfi iska, don haka kula da ita a gida ba zai dauki yawa aiki. 
Irin wannan shrub yana da sauƙi don yadawa ta yankan, saboda haka ana iya saya kananan yara a kusan kowane kantin kayan ado. Itacen furen exfoliate yana haske sosai tare da ƙananan ƙananan furanni.
Wani lokaci yana ganin shrub ya kama wuta kuma yana konewa tare da ja, m, fari ko m. Irin wannan shuka yana son mai yawa haske, zafi da kuma yawan watering, don haka a cikin yankin Moscow da sauran yankuna na tsakiya da arewacin Rasha shine mafi kyau shuka shi cikin tukunya da kuma ajiye shi a cikin gidan.
Kufeya ya ja ja
Very kyau da ƙaunataccen da yawa flower growers shrubs. Yana da ƙananan siffofin, sabili da haka ana sau da yawa girma cikin yanayin gida. Tsarin ya sami sunansa saboda kyawawan furanni masu launin fure, wanda a cikin karamin daji zai iya zama fiye da mutum ɗari. Daga cikin mutanen Kufeya, wuta mafi kyau da aka fi sani da taba. 
Wannan sunan mai suna kuma yazo ne saboda furanni waɗanda ke da siffofin elongated da launuka masu launin a gefuna (launuka masu duhu a gefuna suna ba da alama ga cigaban cigaba). A shuka shi ne haske-auna, mugun tolerates frosts, Yana son high zafi.
Kufeya microlepaste
A wasu wallafe-wallafen kasashen waje, irin wannan shrub za a iya samuwa a ƙarƙashin sunan alkama. Yana da ban dariya, amma irin wannan lakabi ne aka kirkiro don dalilai. Kwan zuma yana da kyawawan furanni masu launin furanni waɗanda suke samar da mai dadi, ruwa mai tsabta tare da wari mai ban sha'awa. Tsarin shrub yana da kama da kufeya izsopolistnuyu (yana da girman girman da kuma lignified harbe), amma tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba su da matuka ba a cikin rassan leaf, amma sama da su. 
Ganye suna ƙananan, duhu duhu, m, girma counter. Petals suna da ƙananan, kusan ba a iya gani ba saboda tsawon calyx. Calyx rawaya, ciki - kore. An yi amfani da gandun daji na tsire-tsire a cikin lambuna da wuraren shakatawa na yankunan kudancin, inda wuraren da ba su da zafi. Florists sun fi son shuka wannan shrub a cikin bude, inda ta jawo hankalin kwari masu yawa (ƙudan zuma, wasps).
Lanceolate
Dabbobi masu tsauraran tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna da bambanci daban-daban daga mambobin mambobi. Wannan daji ya kai tsawo na 0.8-0.9 m kuma baya da irin waɗannan siffofin m. Duk da haka, kufeya lanceolate wata shuka ce mai ƙauna da yawa masu zane-zane a kudancin yankuna. A can, ana samo furen a wuraren shakatawa, gonaki, alamomi da wuraren shimfiɗa. Yana janyo hankalinta ta musamman, mai kyau kuma mai haske, wanda ba za'a iya kwatanta da wani abu ba. 
Za'a iya daukar nauyin furanni masu furanni daga marigayi May zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba. Itacen ƙwayar daji ne mai yaduwa ta yadu ne ta hanyar tsaba wanda aka yadu ta hanyar kwari, dabbobi da iska.
Saukowa a gida
Girma kufei daga tsaba a gida ba aiki mai wuya ba ne, saboda haka duk wani mai ƙwanƙwasawa zai iya sarrafa shi ba tare da wata matsala ba. Zaka iya saya tsaba a kowane kantin kayan ado. A cikin sachet guda daya akwai kimanin kwayoyi 300 (wannan ya isa ya shuka dukkanin wa] annan bishiyoyi masu kyau). Tun da shuka shine mai haske, yana da kyau shuka tsaba don seedlings a cikin gidan. Zaka iya fara saukowa a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu.
Don seedlings, zaka iya amfani da ƙananan kofuna, a ƙasa wanda akwai ƙananan ramuka. 
An gina ƙasa don seedlings da tsire-tsire masu girma bisa ga irin wannan tsari: an dauki shi a wani ɓangare na peat, sod da ganye ƙasa, da humus, baya, kasan da wani ɓangare na kogin yashi ya kara da cakuda. Ana dasa shuki daya ko biyu a zurfin 2-3 cm a kowace kofuna. Bayan dasa, ana amfani da kofuna da gilashi ko filastik filasta. Sunrises sun bayyana a kwanaki 5-7. Ya kamata a kiyaye su a wuri mai daɗaɗa da wuri mai zafi a zafin jiki na + 20-22 ° C (zai fi dacewa a windowsill).
Shin kuna sani? Daga wasu nau'o'in jinsunan, kufei samar da man fetur, wadda ta wurin siffofin dandano suna kama da kwakwa.
A ƙarshen May - farkon Yuni, seedlings bukatar a transplanted. Zaɓi na wuri ne naka. Zai dogara ne a kan wace yankin ƙasarmu da kake zaune a ciki. A yankunan kudancin kufey za'a iya shuka a karkashin sararin samaniya.
Mafi kyaun wuri zai kasance: kudancin kudancin shafin, tare da hasken wuta mai kyau, tsaka-tsaki na rashin ruwa da ƙasa da kuma rashin iskar gusty. A tsakiya da arewacin yankunan, an dasa mafi kyau a cikin zurfi da ƙwarewar haɓaka, tun lokacin da ake buƙatar haɓaka a cikin gida (a lokacin rani za'a iya ɗaukar shi cikin titi). Ya kamata a tuna da cewa Kufeya zai iya jure jita-jita mai sanyi (har zuwa -12 ° C), don haka ku tuna wannan a lokacin da za ku zaɓa wuri. 
Idan an dasa shukin itace za a yi ta amfani da cututtuka, to, duk dokoki da ke sama an lura: abun da ke ƙasa, abun hasken wuta, zafi, yawan zafin jiki. Sai kawai lokacin da dasa shuki kayan da ake buƙatar ka zaba da zafin jiki mafi kyau wanda tsire-tsire zai iya cikawa a kalla watanni 6-9 na farko.
Kiwo
Ana iya yaduwa bishiyoyi na Mexican ta hanyar yankan ko ta hanyar tsaba. Dole ne a datse cuttings da shuka a cikin ƙasa a yanayin zafi na + 18-20 ° C, an fi kyau a cikin bazara. Kuna buƙatar rabu da alamun katako da katako tare da wuka mai kaifi a wata kusurwa kaɗan. Ana raba sassa daban daban na shuka a cikin ruwan dumi don kwanaki 7-10. Bayan wannan lokacin, cuttings suna samar da asalinsu, suna shirye don dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai tsabta.
Don mafi kyau germination, growers bayar da shawarar dasa shuki da dama cuttings a daya ganga. Bayan bayyanar ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren na biyu, inji yana buƙatar yin tsutsa. A wannan yanayin, kufeya zai yi girma, mai haske da kyau. 
Idan kun ninka tsaba Kufa, kuna buƙatar jira har zuwa karshen lokacin flowering, wanda ya faru a farkon lokacin kaka. A wannan lokacin, ana tattara tsaba mai inganci daga furanni kuma aka danka dan kadan a rana. Bayan haka, ana iya amfani da tsaba da yawa tare da wani bayani mai karfi na potassium potassium permanganate. Za a iya shuka tsaba a cikin fall, amma ana shuka shi da kulawa mai kyau a cikin ɗakin: haske mafi kyau, zazzabi, da zafi.
Kula
Domin kufeya a kai a kai da kuma shuffy Bloom a gida, yana bukatar kulawa na musamman.
Zazzabi
Don dauke da shuka a cikin bazara-rani-kaka lokaci wajibi ne a yanayin zafi na + 18-25 ° C. Irin wannan yanayi zai zama mafi kyau ga tsarin sarrafawa na al'ada da tsayi. A cikin hunturu, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna buƙatar samar da ƙananan zafin jiki, wanda zai bambanta cikin + 12-15 ° C. 
Ya kamata a lura cewa kufeya zai iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi mai zurfi, amma a lokaci guda tsarin sarrafawa zai iya zama sosai. Masu shayarwa kuma sun kawo irin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu sanyi waɗanda za su iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi tare da yanayin zafi zuwa -12 ° C.
Watering
Ƙasar Mexico yana son watering da m ƙasa. Ya zo ne daga wani wuri inda zafi na iska ya kasance dan kadan fiye da zafi na iska a yankinmu. Bugu da kari, a wurare masu zafi na kudancin Arewacin Amirka, ruwan sama ya fi sau da yawa a kasarmu.
Kuna buƙatar ruwa sau 2-3 a mako, musamman a hankali kana buƙatar bin watering a lokacin flowering, to, daji za su kasance mafi mahimmanci da kuma chic, tare da furanni mai haske masu haske.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan Kufey ya sanya takarda, zai iya rasa duk ganye!
Yana da muhimmanci cewa danshi ya dumi dukkan ɗakin. Idan itacen taba yana girma a cikin gidanka a akwati na musamman, to sai ku buge shi har sai ruwa ya fara gudana daga ramuka masu zurfi. Tabbatar cewa saman baza ya bushe ba. Fure ba ya jure wa yawancin ƙasa mai laushi, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci don tabbatar da kyakkyawan malalewa lokacin dasa.A cikin hunturu, lokacin da shrub yake a cikin wani lokacin dormant, watering ya kamata a rage zuwa sau 3-4. Kufeya yana son ruwa jiyya, don haka a kai a kai feshi ganye da furanni a kanta.
Top dressing
Itacen taba ita ce mai ƙarancin ƙwayar taki. Ana iya ciyar da shi a cikin dukan lokacin flowering, to, haske da furanni zai zama mafi ban sha'awa. Ana iya saya taki a kowane shagon kantin (yana da kyau saya hadaddun tare da dukkan kayan ma'adanai).
Ya dace sosai da taki tare da daidaito na potassium, phosphorus da nitrogen a cikin abun da ke ciki. An yi bayani mai mahimmanci daga lissafin 20 g na taki da lita 10 na ruwa. Hakanan zaka iya sayan kayan ado na musamman ga ganye da furanni, yin mafitacin ruwa, yad da shrub (hanyoyi ya kamata a yi sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 10-14). 
Pruning
Wannan gwanin Arewacin Arewacin Amurka yana iya kai girmanta a cikin gajeren lokaci (musamman tare da kulawa mai kyau). Its harbe suna iya isa tsawo na 0.5-0.9 m, don haka dole ne a yanke su akai-akai. Saboda kullun daji, mutane da yawa masu zane-zanen yanayi suke samar da nau'i-nau'i masu yawa na geometric kuma suna ba da kyauta mai ban mamaki. Babu ka'idoji na musamman don pruning, kawai kuna buƙatar rage ragowar ƙirar karfi, ya haifar da kyakkyawar siffar daji.
Tashi
An dasa dakin shuka a kowane bazara. A kowace shekara, kana buƙatar sake ku Kufa a cikin tukunya mafi girma da diamita (girman girman kowace juji dole ne a ƙara ta 2-3 cm). Lokacin da diamita daga cikin tukunya kai girman 25 cm, dasawa za a iya yi kasa akai-akai - sau ɗaya kowane 2-3 shekaru.
Shin kuna sani? Mexicans sun yi imani cewa kufeya yana iya ƙoƙarin ƙoƙarin ƙoƙari mutane, don haka ana sanya shi a cikin ofisoshin murya da kuma sauran wurare.
Lokacin da aka dasa shuka, dole ne don tabbatar da mafi kyawun ƙasa (mun yi magana game da wannan a farkon labarin) kuma mai kyau malalewa. Za'a iya gina masaura daga kumfa, tubalin fashe ko yumbu mai fadada. A lokacin aikin yana da mahimmanci kada a lalata asalin shuka (idan wasu daga cikinsu sun shafi, sannan a cire su). Nan da nan bayan dasawa, an shayar da shuka sosai kuma an ciyar da shi.
Cututtuka da kwari
Mafi sau da yawa, yawancin cibiyoyin da ke fama da cutar da kuma cututtukan furol suna shafawa. Idan tushen tsarin furen ya shafe fungi, to wannan alama ce ta alamar ƙasa. Alamun farko na gaban naman gwari a cikin ƙasa a kusa da shuka shine: bayyanar launin toka mai launin toka a kan ganye, juyawa da harbe da tushen abin wuya. Don magance cututtuka na fungal kufei yana buƙatar amfani da kwayoyi masu fasikanci (amfani bisa ga umarnin).
Don magance cututtuka na houseplants, ana amfani da masu amfani da wadannan kwayoyin: "Scor", "Topsin-M", "Fundazol", "Topaz", "Glyocladin", "Fitolavin", "Fitoverm".
Mealy dew kuma lalacewa ta hanyar fungi, kana bukatar ka yi yãƙi da shi tare da fungicides. Alamar farko na powdery mildew shine kananan launin toka a kan ganye. Wasu lokuta a kan kafei, ana iya lura da launin ja ko duhu mai launin rawaya. Wadannan spots sune alamar farko na rashin samun alamomi na iron (baƙin ƙarfe) a cikin ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, takin mai magani mai mahimmanci ya buƙaɗa kara haɓaka da microelements na ferums.
Mafi yawan kwari na kufei sune: gizo-gizo mites, thrips da shchitovka. Tare da shan kashi na daji gizo-gizo mite a kan harbe da kuma ganye za a iya kiyaye lafiya yanar gizo. Kwaro yakan bayyana saboda iska mai iska a cikin dakin da aka ajiye taba cigaba.
Don magance wulakan gizo-gizo, zaka iya amfani da kwari (bisa ga umarnin don amfani) ko wani bayani mai ruwa na potassium sabulu (20 g sabulu da lita na ruwa). Yi amfani da maganin sabulu don wanke wanke kowane ganye da dukan harbe. 
Idan Kwanan ya bugun Kufey, sai a yi amfani da kwari ko wani bayani mai mahimmanci na sabulu na potassium (kamar yadda yake a cikin akwati na baya). Alamar farko na bayyanar kwari garkuwa ne ƙananan launin launin ruwan kasa da ke jikin bishiyoyi (waɗannan su ne kwafin gashi). Idan shrub ya shafar thrips, to, ganye zasu fara lalata da kuma haddace. Don magance sabanin, sun fara amfani da hanyar injiniya (wanke ganye a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu), sa'an nan kuma bi da su da kwari.
A ƙarshe, ina so in lura cewa kufeya zai zama kayan ado na kowane gida, lambun, gadon filawa, terrace ko wurin shakatawa. Ko ma masu farawa na lambu ba su da matsala a kula da bishiyoyi, saboda haka zaka iya saya kayan kwalliya na Mexico da shuka a gida. Kyakkyawan flowering kufei zai sa ku son daji har ma.
