1995 ya kasance abin juyi a cikin tarihin kiwo. - Ya bude zamanin da ake ci gaba da gooseberries ba tare da ƙaya ba, irin abin da yake shi ne farkon.
Tarihin da zaɓi na guzberi iri "Commodore"
Marubucin farko a cikin tarihin "Kwamandan" maras kyau shine VS Ilyin - likita na kimiyyar aikin gona, Mataimakin Daraktan Cibiyar Nazarin Ural na Kudancin Kudancin Noma da Dankali da shugaban dakin gwaje-gwaje a wannan tsarin. Abin mamaki ne cewa wannan nasarar da aka samu na farfuwa ita ce wani babban aikin da masanin kimiyya yake da shi wajen bunkasa aikin gona - tare da matarsa, dan takarar kimiyyar aikin gona, shi ne marubucin nau'i nau'i takwas na currant, honeysuckle, buckthorn na teku da kuma, ba shakka, guzberi.
Tsarin iri-iri-iri iri-iri na "Commodore" shine sakamakon aiki mai wuya a tsayar da iri "Chelyabinsk Green" da "Afrika". Sakamakon ba wai kawai ƙayayuwa ba ne a ƙayayuwa, amma har da adana a sakamakon iri-iri masu girma.
Shin kuna sani? A tsakiyar karni na 19, bishiya mai tsami ba shi da kasa da 19 g kuma ya kai 5 cm a diamita, amma ya ɓace waɗannan alamun har abada saboda cutar da aka shigo da daga nahiyar Amurka.
Halaye guzberi "Kwamandan"
Alamar siffofi - Gudanar da guzberi "Kwamandan" ya nuna a yanzu labarin da aka sani game da wannan nau'in. Bugu da ƙari, da rashin kulawar da aka yi a baya da kuma rashin tsaka-tsaki, ya nuna cewa:
- a cikin wani babban matsakaici-high daji raunily miƙa, amma ba sosai lokacin farin ciki haske kore rassan tare da pinkish tinge a kasa (a gefen rana);
- a kan harbe ke tsiro mai girma karfi foliage na manyan ganye tare da kaifi, matsakaici-sized hakora; a tushe daga cikin ganyayyaki akwai kananan depressions (lebur ko taso keya). A elongated m buds sun nuna tips;
- guzberi blooms an tattara a cikin 2-3 inflorescences sosai kyau bowls na rawaya furanni tare da m greenish da dan kadan m ruwan hoda tinge;
- zagaye ja-launin ruwan kasa berries ana rufe da na bakin ciki ko matsakaici kauri fata ba tare da pubescence;
- berries dauke da ƙananan yawan tsaba sami nauyi har zuwa 7 g (matsakaicin nauyin - 5.5 g);
- mai dadi, tare da dan kadan mai laushi, ruwan 'ya'yan itace (4.6 maki biyar a kan sikelin dandanawa) an ƙaddara su da kashi 13.1% na sukari, da bitamin C (54 MG da 100 g) da kashi uku na acidity titrated.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su da kuma rashin amfani da iri-iri
Ayyuka marasa shakka sun haɗa da:
- Yawancin 'ya'yan itace na tsawon lokaci na' 'Kwamandan' '' 'guzon', wanda shine tushen yawan amfaninta mai yawa - 6,8 (wani lokaci har zuwa 7) kg ta shrub;
- ƙarfin cikakke berries, wanda, har ma a wata girbi sosai, ba crack da fada a kashe daji.
- matsanancin hunturu na "Kwamandan" gooseberry da kuma kyakkyawar tsayayyar matakan powdery;
- da ingantaccen amfani da 'ya'yan itace "Kwamandan".
Shin kuna sani? Gyara, diuretic, choleretic, anti-inflammatory sakamako na guzberi berries taimaka a lura da bitamin deficiencies, gastroenterocolitis har ma da jini.
Dates da kuma zaɓi na wuri don saukowa
Mafi dace don dasa shuki seedlings guzberi "Kwamandan" gane yashi, loamy da sod-podzolic kasa. Wannan ya kamata la'akari da cewa ruwa mai rikitarwa ya haifar da yanayin yanayin kamuwa da kamfanonin lantarki tare da powdery mildew kuma zai iya haifar da mutuwarsa, sabili da haka yankin da aka zaba bazai da wani hali don tara dumi.
"Kwamandan" gogaggun 'yan yara yana son ƙarancin hasken rana, wanda zai karbi cikakke idan aka kare shafin don dasawa da kulawa na baya (ta hanyar dabi'a ko haɗin mutum) daga iska mai zurfi. Dukansu kaka (Satumba-Oktoba) da kuma bazara (Afrilu-May) kakar sun dace da dasa. A cikin akwati na farko, an kirkiro lissafi akan yanayin rayuwa mafi kyau saboda tsananin sanyi, a karo na biyu - a kan namo mai karfi tushen tsarin sabili da saurin ci gaba a cikin tsarin mulki mai sanyi.
Shirye-shiryen aikin kafin saukowa
Yin shuka "Goose" "gooseberries" yana buƙatar ba kawai kulawa da cikakke ba, amma har da shiri na farko. Tushen ga nasara a nan gaba a cikin noma na gooseberries, sakamakon haka zai zama girbi mai kyau, zai aiki bisa ga wasu sigogi na ƙasar da aka dasa da kuma dasa kayan.
Shirin shiri
Kafin dasa shuki "Kwamandan", "kamar yadda aka tsara ta hanyar albrotechnics na gonarsa, an yi kasa marar kasa da 0.3 m cikin ƙasa tare da diamita na ramin kanta har zuwa 0.6 m, inda aka sanya taki. A cakuda 0.3 kilogiram na katako mai laushi, adadin itace ash (ko 40 g na potassium gishiri) da kuma da yawa (har zuwa 10) kilo na bambaro taki aka shirya a kan kansa.
Shirya shirye-shirye
Don dasa shuki amfani da seedlings da riga sun samu daga 3 zuwa 5 Tushen 10 cm tsawo da kuma 4-5 buds a kan kowane shoot. A gaban tushen busassun da harbe, an yanke su, kuma, a matsayin mai mulkin, an kara su a saukad da (yana yiwuwa su ma su yi girma). 24-36 hours kafin dasa, asalin seedling ana immersed don dalilin disinfection a cikin haske (kodadde m) bayani na potassium permanganate ko, idan za ta yiwu, ana bi da wani tushen girma stimulator.
Proper dasa na matasa guzberi seedlings
Ba a yarda a dasa Kwamitin Goose bishiyoyi a wani kusurwa - kawai madaidaiciya. Ƙungiyar daji ta zurfafa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa mai laushi (5-6 cm), kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa. Da farko mataki na farko bayan dasa shuki ya zama ƙasa mai karawa da watering (5-7 lita da daji), wanda aka gudanar ta hanyar annular groove 0.3-0.4 m daga shuka shuka. Haka ma ma kyawawa don yin mulching pristvolnoy surface (humus ko peat).
Kulawa da namo na guzberi "Kwamandan"
Kamar yadda mafi yawan amfanin gonar lambu, wani wuri mai mahimmanci a kula da Dokar Gooseberries, yayin da ya girma, yana shayarwa, ciyarwa, kulawa da ƙasa, kafa wani daji, kare daga yanayin. Ayyukan kula da wannan nau'in bazai haifar da wani ƙarin matsala ba.
Watering da sassauta ƙasa
Lambu na horar da nau'in Komandor a cikin shekaru suna nuna cewa watering wannan kayan ya kamata ya zama m, musamman a lokacin rani na rani. Rashin ruwa yana ƙaruwa fiye da makonni biyu kafin girbi, a lokacin da "Kwamandan" ya kamata a shayar da shi kowace rana. Wani muhimmin mahimmancin kulawa shine gyaran ƙasa na yau da kullum, kulawa don kada a taɓa tushen. Dole ne a haɗa haɗin kulle tare da weeding.
Lokacin da kuma yadda za'a gudanar da miya
A farkon shekaru, ana buƙatar kayan guzurin abinci na Commodore don ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki ta hanyar watsa sauƙi (20 g / sq M) na kayan nitrogen da ke kewaye da daji. Daga bisani, ya zama wajibi a rika ciyar da daji mai kyau a kowace shekara tare da potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate (50 g kowace) da kuma 100 g na superphosphate hade tare da guga takin. A ruwa bayani na mullein (1: 5) gooseberries ciyar da 15-20 days bayan flowering (har zuwa lita 10 da daji).
Gyara karin bayanai
Don ci gaba da cigaba, ci gaba da samun ƙarfi, Kwaiya "Kwamandan" yana bukatar kusan shekara-shekara pruning, a matsayin hanyar sabuntawa. A karshen shekara ta farko, ba za a bar fiye da biyar daga cikin rassan da suka fi karfi ba. A daidai wannan lambar yana da muhimmanci don rage sabon harbe bayan kammala shekara ta biyu. Sa'an nan a kowace shekara bar 3-5 harbe girma kamar daidai distance daga juna. Bayan shekaru biyar na ci gaban, an cire rassan tsofaffi (da waxannan cututtuka) a kowace shekara, da kuma tsawon shekaru 3-4 a cikin asalinsu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Mafi yawan adadin rassan tsofaffi daji shine daga 10 zuwa 16.Mafi lokacin yanayi na pruning shine:
- farkon spring - kafin farkon sutur ruwa da kwarara da hutu hutu;
- marigayi ƙarshen kaka - bayan karshen ruwan kwarara, daidai da ƙarshen leaf fall.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsayawa daga tsumburai na hawan hemp ya haifar da kwaskwarima don jinin kwari.
Tsirrai masu girbi don hunturu
An ambaci "Kwamandan" Gooseberry wakili na iri masu sanyi da yawan zafin jiki mai tsawo na -25 ... -30 ° C. Wato, wajibi ne a yi masa tsari na hunturu ko dai a wani yanki inda za'a sa yanayin zafi mai sanyi ya zama ƙasa, ko kuma inshora da karfi majeure. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, bayan girbi na kaka, ana amfani da peaty ko humus mulching na kasar gona a cikin wani itace ta hanyar digo 10-centimeter ko jakar cellophane cike da ciyawa tare da kuri'a na ramuka zuwa ƙasa. Don tsari suna amfani da dusar ƙanƙara da aka fadi, kamar yadda zai yiwu gaba daya cika cikin bishiyoyi, da kuma Pine ko rassan bishiyoyi, da wasu kayayyakin da ake samuwa.
Lokaci na ripening da girbi
"Kwamandan" Gooseberry, yana kokarin yin amfani da nauyin kilo 7 kilogram, riga a farkon shekaru yana iya samar da 3-5 kilogiram na berries. Samun nauyin wannan iri-iri yana farawa a rabi na biyu na watan Mayu, kuma farkon girbin girbi ya fāɗi a lokacin bushe a farkon Yuli. Fara, don manufar mafi aminci mafi kyau mafi kyau, don daya da rabi zuwa makonni biyu zuwa cikakke cikakkiyar fasaha. Unripe berries (bushe da kuma m) a wuri mai sanyi ba fiye da kwanaki 10 "isa" ba.
Yayin da Kwamandan ya fara ragargaza, sun rasa dukkanin launuka, lokacin da launi ta sauya sauyawa daga kore-ja zuwa ja-launin ruwan kasa, a hankali juya zuwa baki.
Kyakkyawan nama, nau'in nau'i mai nauyin nauyin gurasar "Komandor" yana da dandano mai dadi sosai, wanda ke janyo hankalin masu sha'awar sabo ne (musamman yara) da kuma gwangwani da kuma kayan abinci.
