Girbi

Dokokin don girma Savoy kabeji ta hanyar seedlings

Abin takaici, ƙananan kabeji Savoy ba sananne ba ne tare da manomanmu, saboda mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa girma yana da matsala da kuma cinyewa lokaci. Shin, hakika, za mu fada a cikin wannan labarin.

Alamar da bambancin kabeji savoy

Savoy kabeji (Brassica oleracea convar Capitata var. Sabauda), tare da dan uwan ​​uwansa, ya fito ne daga nau'in daji na asali daga Yammacin Yammacin Turai da yankin Arewacin Afrika. An haɓaka ta a cikin Turai, kuma ba a samuwa ba ne a cikin gidan Soviet, kuma yawanci kawai a cikin ɗakunan rani.

Savoy kabeji ne mafi tastier kuma mafi caloric fiye da farin kabeji. Ana amfani da shugaban kabeji don abinci, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa masu amfani:

  • abubuwa bushe - 7-14%;
  • sukari - 2-7%;
  • furotin mai gina jiki - 2-4%;
  • ma'adinai na ma'adinai - 0.84%;
  • Vitamin C - 20-90 MG.
Domin dogon ajiya da kuma irin wannan irin kabeji ba su dace ba. A sabon nau'i an yi amfani dashi azaman salatin. Zaka iya amfani da kayan lambu don yinfa miya. Ana amfani da ganyayyaki na sinadarin savoy a matsayin tasa daban, kuma a lokacin da dafa shi za'a iya amfani dashi a matsayin gefen tasa da kuma cike da pies.

Shin kuna sani? Savoy kabeji ne mafi muhimmanci a cikin halaye na halaye fiye da farin kabeji.

Growing kabeji savoy ta hanyar seedlings

Gaba ɗaya, babu wasu dokoki dabam akan yadda za a shuka kabeji Savoy a wani fasahar fasaha na dacha da aka saba da girma da kabeji. Yawanci ana horar da shi ta hanyar shuka. Idan seedlings suna da karfi da lafiya, to, za ku iya sa ran girbi mai kyau.

Lokacin da za a shuka a kan bishiyoyi

Sowing lokaci ne m da kabeji iri-iri. An dasa shuki iri na farko a cikin shekara ta biyu na Maris, tsakiyar shekarun - daga tsakiyar Maris zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu, marigayi - a farkon Afrilu.

Hakanan halayen yanayin yanayi suna dauke da asusu a lokacin namo na seedlings. Daga wannan kai tsaye ya dogara da lokacin dasa shuki a kan gadaje. A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan lokacin shine kwanaki 30-50.

Ƙasa don girma seedlings

Don amfanin girbi na Savoy ya zama mai kyau, dole ne a yi la'akari da ilmin halitta. Don haka, wannan nau'in kabeji ya bambanta da juriya mai sanyi da ƙarancin haske, kuma yana jurewa danshi, duk da haka, yana buƙatar buƙatun musamman akan ƙasa.

Domin ƙwayar savoy a fili don jin dadin jiki, ƙasa don dasa shuki dole ne mai taushi, amma ba a kwance ba. Babban bangare na ƙasa - peat - ya kasance a cikin mafi yawa yawa (akalla 80%). Bugu da ƙari, kana buƙatar ƙara ƙasa (yasa kashi 5%) da ƙasa na sod (20%). Don inganta ingancin seedlings kuma tabbatar da takin gargajiya, takin (humus cakuda) ana kara zuwa ƙasa. Ga kowace kilogram na cakuda ƙasa, yana da kyawawa don ƙara spoonful na ash - zai zama taki da kariya daga baki kafa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ba za ku iya ɗaukar ƙasa don seedlings daga shafin ba - akwai yiwuwar kwari da cututtuka waɗanda zasu iya zama masu damuwa ga matasa.

Samar da magani na iri

Don kwantar da tsaba na kabeji savoy, ana tsoma su a cikin zafi (50 ºC) ruwa na awa 1/3, sannan a cikin ruwan sanyi don minti 2. Bayan haka, an samo samfurori iri. Wannan hanya zai bada izinin tsaba su yi sauri.

Idan an sayo tsaba daga mai sayarwa, mai yiwuwa wannan hanya ba dole ba ne don aiwatarwa - an riga an riga an gudanar da magani. Don ƙara yawan juriya na jurewar amfanin gona, kafin dasa shuki tsaba na kabeji Savoy don seedlings na rana, suna da ruwa a cikin ruwa tare da zafin jiki na +2 ºC. Gudurar irin wannan tsaba yana da shekaru uku.

Yana da muhimmanci! Launi na musamman na tsaba da aka sayar a cikin shaguna, ya ce sun yi wani shiri na dasawa.

Shuka tsaba don seedlings

Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa idan kun shirya kasa da tsaba sosai, sakamakon shuka zai zama ban mamaki. Duk da haka, wannan ra'ayi ba daidai ba ne. Dole ne a kusanci yin shuka mai tsanani, domin ya dogara ne akan irin yadda kabeji na Savoy zai dace da kwatancin nau'in.

Ya kamata a dasa tsaba na kabeji savoy a cikin matakai 3 tare da bambancin kwanaki 4. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin kwantena ko kofuna waɗanda aka kai zuwa zurfin 1 cm.

Kafin kuma bayan shuka gonar an shayar da shi sosai har sai fitowar seedlings. Da zaran seedlings zo, watering ya kamata a rage.

Yanayi da kula da amfanin gona

Kyakkyawan girma seedlings - mabuɗin girbi mai kyau a nan gaba. Bayan yaran farko ya bayyana (kimanin kwanaki 5), an fitar da su don haka nisa tsakanin su shine 2 cm.

Makullin ga masu karfi mai karfi shine haske mai haske. Haske rana don seedlings ya zama 14-15 hours. Wato, kafin lokaci ya zo don kwantar da kabeji na Savoy, ana bukatar shirya shirye-shirye don haskakawa. Domin wannan zaka iya amfani da fitila mai sauƙi. Ruwa da tsire-tsire ya kamata a kai a kai kuma a cikin ƙananan rabo, yana ba da lokacin kwanciyar rana a bushe. Ruwan ruwa mai ruwa ya kamata ya zama digiri 2-3 fiye da yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa. Ba zai yiwu a shafe ko kuma ambaliya ba - ƙasa ya kamata a yi sanyi. Bayan kowace watering, ƙasa ya kamata a kwantar da shi don kada ruwa ya damu.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ciwon sanyi zai iya haifar da ci gaba da cututtukan cututtuka da tushe.
A ganiya dakin zafin jiki har sai bayyanar seedlings na Savoy kabeji ne 18-20 ºC. Bayan harbe ya bayyana, dole ne a canza tsarin zazzabi: + 15-16 ºC a lokacin rana da + 8-10 ºC da dare. Irin wannan bambanci a cikin zafin jiki zai ware nauyin, zai ba da damar dada tsire-tsire na kabeji Savoy da sauƙaƙe dasa a kan gadaje da kuma kula da su a nan gaba.

Kamar al'adu da yawa, sprouts na savoy kabeji bukatar ciyar. Ana gudanar da shi a wasu matakai:

  1. Bayan daukana - sau ɗaya a mako. Amfanin nitrate (2 g) ammonium, da takin mai magani da kuma superphosphate (4 g) narkar da cikin lita na ruwa. Wannan rabo ya isa 50-70 seedlings.
  2. 2 makonni bayan ɗaukar. Ana daukar nauyin abubuwa guda ɗaya, amma yawancin su ya karu sau biyu.
  3. 2-4 days kafin dasa shuki a bude ƙasa. Kayan magani na potassium (8 g), superphosphate (4-5 g), ammonium nitrate (3 g), ana amfani da shi cikin lita na ruwa.
Zaka iya amfani da abincin da aka shirya.

Yana da muhimmanci! Don kauce wa konewa, dole ne a shayar da ƙasa kafin yin takin.
Babu ƙananan muhimmancin shine hardening na seedlings. Don haka, kwanaki 8-10 kafin dasa shuki a kan shafin, dole ne a gudanar da irin wadannan ayyukan:

  • a cikin kwanaki biyu na farko ya isa tsawon kwana 3-5 don bude taga a cikin dakin inda ake horar da seedlings;
  • 'yan kwanaki kana buƙatar yin shuka a kan titin, tare da rufe ta daga hasken rana kai tsaye;
  • a ranar 5-6th, ana rage yawan mita watering, amma ba a yarda ya bushe ƙasa ba, kuma ya sanya seedlings a waje don dukan lokaci kafin dasa.

Ƙungiya guda mai sauƙi

Bayan kwanaki 7-8, lokacin da tsire-tsire suka yi girma kuma suka fi karfi, ya kamata a dived su kuma zaunar da su a cikin kaset tare da nisa na 3 cm daga juna. Yi amfani da tsaba zuwa cotyledons. Kyakkyawan seedlings ba su da fiye da biyar ganye. Bazawa, ba tare da koda mafi girma da tsuntsaye masu sukari ba suna jefawa lokacin ɗauka.

Bayan wasu makonni 2, an yi amfani da tsire-tsire a cikin kwantena (kofuna waɗanda aka raba su) tare da yin amfani da launi tare da wani bayani mai rauni na blue vitriol. Zaka iya amfani da wata miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda zai taimaka kare seedlings daga cututtukan fungal.

Shin kuna sani? Zaka iya girma seedlings ba tare da zaba ba. A wannan yanayin, ana shuka tsaba a nan gaba a kofuna ko ƙananan tukwane.

Shuka seedlings na kabeji Savoy a bude ƙasa

Da kyau girma seedlings ba duka kana bukatar ka san game da namo na savoy kabeji. Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, dole ne ka la'akari da ka'idojin gonar da ke cikin gonar.

Lokacin da za a shuka seedlings a kan mãkirci

Savoy kabeji dasa a kan gadaje a watan Mayu (ba yanayin yanayi, wannan lokacin za a iya canza). Don dasawa zaɓi girgije ko maraice.

A seedling kafin dasa shuki a kan gadaje ya kamata 15-20 cm tsawo, duhu kore, da kyau-ɓullo da tushen, ba dried daga mai tushe da kuma 4-7 ganye.

Wurin sa kabeji

Zaɓin wurin da ya dace don horar da kabeji savoy ba wai kawai ya sauƙaƙe don kulawa ba, amma har ya ba ka damar samun girbi mai kyau.

Ana shuka mafi kyau a cikin yankunan da aka shuka hatsi ko legumes. Saplings suna girma sosai a ƙasa inda cucumbers, albasa, dankali, beets da tumatir suka girma. Ba za ku iya girma kabeji na Savoy nan da nan bayan turnips, radishes, turnips, radishes, rutabaga, cress.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ba'a ba da shawarar yin noma Savoy kabeji a wuri daya ba fiye da shekaru uku a jere.
Mafi kyaun ƙasa ga wannan amfanin gona shine abin da zai iya riƙe dashi na dogon lokaci (mai laushi, yashi, tsaka tsaki, sod-podzolic). Ba dace da girma ƙasa tare da babban lãka abun ciki.

Yanayin da kabeji zai yi girma ya kamata ya zama mai haske kuma ya kasance mai faɗi.

Kasar gona don dasawa an shirya shi a cikin fall: suna noma warai da gabatar da kwayoyin (takin, taki) da kuma ma'adinai (superphosphate, potassium chloride) da takin mai magani. A cikin bazara, an ciyar da ƙasa tare da ammonium nitrate don samar da kai mai cikakke a kan kabeji.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ƙasa mai kyau don savoy kabeji ya zama mai rauni acidity (5-5,8 pH). Don rage yawan acidity, ana ƙara lemun tsami a ƙasa a kowace shekaru 3-4.

Tsarin tsari da saukowa

Yankin da aka tsara don dasa bishiyoyi ya kamata a yayyafa shi da busassun ƙasa ko takin gargajiya (yankakken weeds). Za su taimaki ruwan hako a cikin ƙasa, samar da kabeji tare da kayan abinci, kare daga weeds da kuma samuwar crusts earthy.

Dole ne a dasa rijiyoyi don dasa shuki seedlings a nesa 40 cm daga juna. Zai fi kyau shuka shuke-shuken a cikin wata hanya mai banƙyama - wannan yana samar da ƙarin sarari.

Hawan ramin ya kamata ya dace da tsawo na kofin ko ganuwar akwati inda ƙwayoyin suke girma. Game da lita ɗaya na ruwa an zuba cikin shi kuma ana shuka su. A kasan leaflet seedlings yafa masa ƙasa.

Da farko, ya kamata a kiyaye yarinya daga rana (pritenyat).

Kula da namo na kabeji savoy

Shuka kabeji Savoy ba zai haifar da matsala ba idan ka tuna cewa irin wannan shuka yana son danshi, ƙaddara ƙasa, abinci, haske da sarari.

Watering, weeding, loosening da hilling

Savoy kabeji yana son watering, amma slugs kuma son danshi. Sabili da haka, ba'a bada shawara a shayar da wannan amfanin gona a ƙarshen kakar girma.

Bayan batu na gaba, watering ta sprinkling ko ba a saman bada shawarar. Dole ne a gudanar da watering musamman a tushen. Rashin ruwa zuwa ga inflorescences zai iya haifar da bacteriosis mucous, kuma amfanin gona zai rasa.

A lokacin rani, yana da mahimmanci don saukaka iska ta hanyar yayyafa kabeji (kowane minti 15 a lokacin zafi).

Kada ka manta game da sassauta lokacin kula da kabeji na Savoy - wannan tsari ya ba oxygen damar isa ga tushen. Don kafawar layin safiyar ya kamata a rika yin la'akari akai-akai. Kuma don ci gaba mai kyau kana buƙatar tsaftace yankin daga weeds.

Shin kuna sani? Akwai karin magana: kabeji na son ruwa da kuma kyakkyawan yanayi.

Amfani

Domin girbi, wanda zai iya yin alfarma ga abokai, dole ne a ciyar da al'ada. Ana amfani da kwayoyin abubuwa (taki, takin, humus) a matsayin miyagun kayan ado don savoy kabeji. Sau da yawa takin da itace ash.

Ciyar da aka yi a cikin kakar:

  1. A lokacin saukowa. Sa'an nan a cikin wani da ƙara teaspoon na ash da urea.
  2. 2 makonni bayan dasa shuki seedlings a kan gadaje. Idan an yi shuka a nan da nan tare da tsaba, to mafi kyau ne mafi kyau bayan bayan makonni 3. A saboda wannan dalili, mullein da urea suna amfani, wanda aka diluted cikin ruwa (0.5 lita na mullein da 1 hour cokali na urea da lita 10 na ruwa).
  3. 12 days bayan na karshe ciyar. Kamar yadda taki amfani 2 tbsp. spoons na nitroammofoski (NPK), diluted a lita 10 na ruwa.
Magungunan nitrogenous a cikin ƙasa suna shafar girma na kabeji, suna taimakawa wajen samun ganyayyaki mai siffar vegetative da kuma siffar kai. Game da rashin nitrogen ya ce yellowed ƙananan ganye, wanda mutu a matsayin sakamakon. Idan baka yin taki a lokaci, zaka iya manta game da girbi. Lalacin potassium yana rinjayar launi na ganye, wanda kuma ya fara bushe a gefuna. Rashin potassium ya cika da potash da takin mai magani kara zuwa ban ruwa.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ba za ku iya overfeed kabeji da phosphate da takin mai magani - shi stimulates farkon flowering.

Jiyya da kariya daga cututtuka da kwari

Hakika, cututtuka da kwari (caterpillars, shebur, kwari, fleas, aphids) ba su taimakawa wajen girbi mai kyau, don haka ya kamata ku duba kallon Savoy a kai a kai don bayyanar su sannan ku dauki matakai don kawar da su.

Chemical preparations kabeji ba da shawarar - Zai fi kyau ka dafa guba da kanka, ta hanyar amfani da hanyar a hannunka.

Mafi haɗari ga ƙwayar savoy shine matsananciyar watering, wadda ke tasowa cutar kamar "black leg". Don magani, za ka iya takin kasar gona bayani "Fundazola."

Ana tsarkakewa da ajiya na kabeji savoy

Za'a iya girbi girbi na fari na farkon iri a Yuni, kuma tsakiyar kakar - a watan Agusta. Idan an shuka kabeji na savoy don ajiya don hunturu, ana girbe amfanin gona kafin sanyi. Saboda haka an ba da ajiya mafi kyau. Sabay kabeji ana adana da yawa mafi muni fiye da farin kabeji, don haka ya kamata a adana a kan shelves ko a cikin kwalaye, shirya a daya jere. Don ƙara rayuwa mai shiryayye, dole ne a kula da yawan zafin jiki na -1-3 ° C.

Kamar yadda ka gani, amfanin gonar savoy ba wata matsala ce ba. Kawai fahimtar kanka tare da siffofin da shuka, da kyau noma seedlings da kuma samar da kulawa na yau da kullum.