Pear - daya daga cikin albarkatun gona mafiya dadewa wanda mutum yayi.
Ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna girma sosai a yankunan da yanayin zafi.
Ana haifar da irin wadannan nau'o'in sanyi sun bunkasa wuri na rarraba pears zuwa yanayin latitude.
Wane irin ne?
Pears "Elena" sun hada da farkon hunturu iri. Fruits ripen by karshen watan Satumba. Dole ne a tattara 'ya'yan itace a cikin kwanaki 10-15 bayan girka, in ba haka ba sun fada ƙasa.
An adana bayan cire daga itacen (ba tare da hasara da bayyanar) a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi ba har zuwa watanni 4.
Saurin hunturu sun hada da pears: Yanvarskaya, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Bere Russkaya, Feeriya, Nika da Lyra.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
Iyaye iri-iri "Elena" (yana da sunan na biyu - "Gehine") an horar da shi a kudancin kuma Yankunan tsakiya na tsakiya na duniya na Rasha.
Domin samun girbin girbi mai cikakke mai kyau, adadin yanayin zafi a cikin yankin noma na iri-iri ya kamata daga 2600 zuwa 3000 ° C
An jinsin jinsin a shekarar 1960 a Armenia (Cibiyar Nazarin Viticulture, Wine-Making da Fruit-Growing) ta masanin shahararrun PG Karatyan. ta hanyar tsallaka iri "Forest Beauty" da kuma "Winter Bechurna Michurina".
Iri iri iri "Elena": bayanin da hoto
Bishiyoyi low ko low girma, da pyramidal kambi na matsakaici mataki na foliage. Na farko 'ya'yan itatuwa sun bayyana shekaru 5-7 bayan dasa.
Bishiyoyi suna girma da kuma sa 'ya'yan itatuwa a kowace shekara, har ma a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa itace 40 kg 'ya'yan itace.
Har ila yau, sun kasance masu yawan amfanin gona: Rogneda, Sverdlovchanka, Svetlyanka, Bere Bosk da Tatiana.
'Ya'yan itãcen wannan iri-iri ne kyakkyawa babban (150-200 g), zagaye-pear-dimbin yawa. Rike a kan dan gajere mai tsayi mai tsayi. Launi na pears a lokacin ripening ne kore-rawaya tare da kadan blush.
Kullin 'ya'yan itace ne mai tsami, mai yawa a cikin rubutu, isasshe m, yana da dadi mai dadi da ƙanshi.
Samun halaye na 'ya'yan itace suna da sosai yaba, dace da amfani da su a cikin sabo da kuma a cikin gwangwani.
Don ƙarin bayani game da iri-iri da kuma ganin pears "Elena" a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:
Halaye
Amfanin wannan nau'in sun hada da babban juriya ga cututtukan fungal. Bishiyoyi ba su da tasiri scab da septosporiosis.
Frost iri "Elena" matsakaita, kai tsaye ya dogara da adadin abincin da aka samu a lokacin kakar (rashin ruwa a lokacin girbi mai girbi ya lalata bishiya da kuma lokacin sanyi mai tsanani zai iya mutuwa).
Dasa da kulawa
Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire spring da kaka. Mafi lokaci mafi kyau shine karshen watan Afrilu (karfi frosts sun riga sun koma) kuma na farko da na biyu na watan october (kimanin wata daya kafin farkon sanyi).
Bishiyoyi na wannan iri-iri fi so loamy ƙasa. Wannan ƙasa yana ba da damar samar da tsire-tsire don samar da mafi kyaun (a cikin inganci da yawa). Sauran nau'in ƙasa (yumbu ko yashi) kafin dasa shuki shuke-shuke da bukatar ingantawa.
Ƙasa ƙasa (don ƙara yawan iska) ana shafe shi da peat, yashi da takin gargajiya. Ana inganta kasa mai laushi ta hanyar ƙara yawan adadin humus, takin da peat.
Ramin don dasa shukar lambun ƙira ba kasa da 70 cm zurfi da kimanin 1 m a diamita. A kasan zaka iya jefa kananan gwangwani da gurasar goro.
Dole a biya hankali musamman don dasa shuki a cikin yankunan da ke kusa da ajiyar ruwa.
Ruwan jini mai yawa na tushen tsarin zai iya haifar da mutuwar itace.
Don hana wannan, a kan mãkirci tono karin kayan tsawa don yalwa ƙasa.
Wani zaɓi don girma bishiyoyi a wuraren da ake jikewa shine dasa shuki a ƙasa ko yin tuddaiwanda aka sanya sapl a lokacin da aka shuka.
Bishiyoyi suna kulawa:
- Pruning
Pruning bishiyoyi ana da za'ayi a farkon spring. Mafi lokacin da za a yi aiki shine watan Maris. Manufar wannan hanya ita ce cire kayan ɓaure da ɓangaren ɓauren bishiyar da rassan da tsohon flower buds.Halin halayyar nau'in pears "Elena" shine dukiyar kananan rassan don ba da cikakken girbi. Pruning na rassan kuma ya sa ya yiwu ya samar da kambi na itace da kuma kula da mataki na shuka thickening.
- Spraying
Ana gudanar da maganin cututtuka (daga kwari da cututtuka) na bishiyoyi a cikin bazara (Afrilu-Mayu) a lokacin hutu da toho kuma bayan bayyanar buds.A karo na uku ana yadu bishiyoyi 2-3 bayan bayanan na biyu. A nan gaba, a lokacin bazara za a dauki nauyin kawai idan akwai alamun alamun cutar.
Hankali! Ya kamata a dakatar da kowane nau'in bishiyoyi da ke dauke da sunadarai a kasa da wata guda kafin girbin da ake bukata.
Top dressing
A cikin shekarar farko, pear seedlings ba zai iya ciyar ba. Takin da shi ya fara a cikin shekara ta biyu bayan da aka kwashe shi.A watan Mayu, na farko ciyar tare da nitrogen da takin mai magani - urea ko saltpeter.
A lokaci guda bayar da gudummawa da kuma gano abubuwa. A wannan lokaci, masu tsaka-tsaki (tsire-tsire masu inganta yanayin ƙasa da wadatar da ita tare da nitrogen) za a iya shuka a kusa da itacen.
Itacen tsire-tsire mafi kyau ga pear shine mustard, phacelia, lupine, clover da legumes. A lokacin bazara, tsire-tsire suna lalata da kuma samar da kayan abinci mai yawa ga pear.
Babban ciyar da pears ne da za'ayi a cikin kaka. A wannan lokaci, phosphate-potassium da kwayoyin (takin, ash, humus, lemun tsami, gishiri gishiri, da dai sauransu) ana amfani da takin mai magani a ƙarƙashin kambin itacen.
- Watering
Wannan nau'i-nau'i na pears yana da damuwa game da danshi. A cikin watanni na rani, yana da muhimmanci kada ku bari ƙasa ta bushe a ƙarƙashin itatuwa kuma ku sha ruwa a kai a kai.A cikin kaka, kafin farkon farkon sanyi, ku ciyar danshi kula da itatuwa. A saboda wannan dalili, kusa-kara da'irori Rawanin shayar da ruwa zuwa zurfin 50-80 cm.
Wannan taron yana bada damar jure yanayin sanyi sosai - ƙasa mai yisuwa ba ta daskare ba, ƙasa tana numfasawa kuma tushen tsarin yana samun ruwa duk hunturu.
Top dressingAn nuna juriya zuwa sanyi da wasu nau'in nau'in nau'in pear: Uralochka, Silent Don, Tema, Perun, da kuma Zhegalov Memory.
Cututtuka da kwari
Wannan saiti resistant zuwa cututtuka na fungal, bishiyoyi ba su damu ba. http://selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html da septoria.
Bugu da kari, wasu cututtuka na cututtukan pears (ciwon daji, cututtukan 'ya'yan itace, tsatsa, powdery mildew), tare da matakan tsaro da kariya, suna haifar da mummunan cutar ga bishiyoyi da' ya'yan itatuwa.
Babban kwari wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewa ga pear - Yana da koren aphid, asu moriya, listoblushka, pear mite da leafworm.
Babban hanyoyin magance cututtuka da kwari - Wadannan su ne na yau da kullum a kan rassan pears da matakan fasaha (ƙonewa da aka lalata, lalata wasu 'ya'yan itace masu cututtuka da sassan itacen, digon bishiyoyi, da dai sauransu) don kula da bishiyoyi.
Kyakkyawan juriya ga wannan cuta, kamar yadda scab nuna iri: Oryol Beauty, Oryol Summer, Marble, Limonka da Victoria.
Dabbobi iri-iri "Elena" yana da amfani mai yawa kuma tare da kulawa mai kyau yana ba da kyakkyawan ƙwaya.
