Cactus Gymnocalicium - kula da gida

Cactus hymnocalicium an dauki shi ya zama na kowa a cikin floriculture. Galibi ana kiran wannan gidan "Jafananci", kodayake wurin haifuwar tsiro shine Kudancin Amurka. Yawan nau'in kiwo suna da launi na musamman, wanda aka samo bayan haɓakar chlorophyll. Kyakkyawar bayyanar ce ta sa wannan shuka ta zama sananne tsakanin masu son maye. Abu ne mai sauki ka lura da hymnocalycium idan ka kirkiri yanayin da ya dace don girma.

Menene ma'anar hymnocalycium yayi kama?

Dankin yana cikin dangin Cactus. A cikin Latin, sunan "Gymnocalicium" yana fassara a matsayin "kofin bare". Furanni ba su lullube da gashi ba, amma an rufe su da sikelin mai laushi. Tsawon akwati zai iya zama daban-daban daga 1.5 zuwa cm 7. diamita zai iya zama cm 2.5-15 Siffar ɓangaren saman sama yana da zagaye ko lebur. Furanni na iya samun inuwa daban.

Bayyanar

Akwai nau'ikan hymnocalicium sama da 150 waɗanda suke da irin wannan bayanin Botanical. Wannan itace mai perennial tare da tushen sa mai zurfi wanda ke zurfi cikin ƙasa. Bangaren da ke sama yana da launin koren duhu mai duhu, kuma fatar kanta tayi laushi ga taɓawa.

Mafi yawan nau'ikan maganin hymnocalycium:

• Reduktum;
• Frederick ko Jafananci;
• Baldianum ko Balda;
• Mikhanovich;
• Karin

Bayyanar ɗayan nau'ikan

Haka kuma akwai wani rukuni na daban na jinsunan, wanda aka kirkira daga tsire-tsire da yawa waɗanda suke da kama da nau'i da girma.

Yawancin nau'ikan

A cikin ciyawar daji, wannan nau'in kwandon yadu ya yadu. Sabili da haka, an zaɓi nau'ikan da yawa don namo kayan ado, daga cikinsu akwai mafi mashahuri:

• Gymnocalycium Choctum (humpbacked) shine mafi girman wakilcin jinsunan. Tare da girma, sifar da launi na tushe yana canzawa. Shuka daga ƙwallon da ya girma ya zama m, wanda furars ne ya raba shi. Rage ƙira yana da ƙarfin girma zuwa rabin mita. Spines suna da radially. A saman kowane ɓangaren yanki yana da dam with u tare da dogayen kafa mai kaifi.
• Friedrich Gymnocalycium (Albiflorum). Ana samun nasara cikin nasara saboda ƙoƙarin masu shayarwa na Jafananci sabili da haka yana da suna na biyu: Gimnokalitsium Japanese. Bayan cire chlorophyll, tushe mai shuka ya fara canza launi - purple, burgundy, ja, rawaya. Bayyanar jan hankali tare da asali. Amma jumbin ba zai iya girma da kanta ba, dole ne a ɗora shi a kan wani murfin.
• Gymnocalycium baldianum - a Rasha ana kiranta Balda Gymnocalycium mafi yawan lokuta. Tana da siffar ƙwalƙwallan ƙwallon launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Tsawon gangar jikin ya kai 10 cm, kuma faɗin faɗin cm 9. Gymnocalycium Baldianum an rufe shi da furfura, wanda, yayin da suke girma, sun zama "tubercles". A saman kowane sashi akwai allurai. Ya danganta da prefix, an ƙayyade launi na buds - Kla, Rawaya.
• Gymnocalycium Horst ya kai girman cm 20. Girman yana da siffar ƙwal wanda ya lalace mai launin shuɗi mai duhu. A lokacin furanni, zaku iya ganin toho na ruwan hoda, lilac ko launi mai tsami.
• Mihanovichii na gymnocalycium yana da daskararren santimita 5 cm tare da matakan tsuke fuska. Tare da tsaunukan raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke gani da canza fasalin ɓangaren sararin samaniya. A saman saman dogayen akwai akwai kaskoki masu haske waɗanda ke fitowa kawai da radially. Furen yana da ruwan hoda-kore, wani lokacin akwai fararen-kore-fure.

Bayyanar Friedrich

• Aqua Dulce ƙaramin juyi ne na hymnocalycium, wanda ke da alamar ƙananan ƙarfi. A saman sassa na iska akwai kashin baya.
• Gymnocalycium denudatum wani ɗan ƙaramin abu ne. Tsawon kara bai wuce 30 mm ba ga tsayi, kuma diamita shine 80 mm. Siffar ɓangaren mikiya ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa ne wanda ɗan ƙaramin abu ne akan ƙyalli. A lokacin fure, yana samar da ƙananan fararen furanni.
• Damsy nasa ne na maye gurbin saboda girman girmansa (tsawo 20 mm, diamita - 50 mm). Yana da akwati zagaye na haske mai launin kore tare da allura mai radially.
• Gymnocalycium ragonesii karamin cactus ne mai launin shuɗi-kore. A farfajiya ta Ragoneso ba ta da huɗun furuna, waɗanda ƙayayuwa suka cika da sarƙaƙƙiya.
• Gymnocalycium quehlianum (Kvela) - mai nasara ba fiye da santimita 10 ba launi color launi na sashin sararin samaniya mai launin kore-kore. A lokacin da fure, an toho an yi fenti ja tare da karin haske mai kyau iri ɗaya launi.
• Gymnocalycium spegazzinii yana da bangare mai ganga mai launin ganga, wanda aka fentin launin launin launin toka-kore. An raba gangar jikin zuwa haƙarƙari biyu. Suna da firam mai tsayi 5-7 mm tsayi.

Bayyanar Ruduktum

Cactus Gimnocalicium Mix rukuni ne na wasu kananan iri. Girman diamita na Trunks bai wuce mm 50 ba. "Cakuda" galibi ana dasa shi a cikin akwati ɗaya, yana ƙirƙirar haɗakar tsire-tsire masu launuka daban-daban da sifofi daban.

Siffofin kulawar gida

Idan zamuyi magana game da wannan nau'in cacti iri-iri, gami da haɗakar haɗarin hymnocalicium, kulawar gida ba ta da wahala. Fasahar aikin gona ta ƙunshi iko da manyan alamomi - ruwa, zazzabi, zafi da walƙiya. Idan kuna kulawa da kyau na rukuni na tsire-tsire, to, a cikin lokacin da aka raba za ku iya lura da fure, kuma gangar jikin kanta zai haɓaka da girma.

Zazzabi

Furen ba yayi daidai da yanayin zafi ba, amma mahaifarta ita ce Kudancin Amurka, ma'ana ya kamata ya kasance yana da zafi. A lokuta daban-daban na shekara, ana girma succulents a yanayi daban-daban:

• A lokacin rani, kowane zazzabi ya dace.
• A cikin hunturu - + digiri 8-12 Celsius, wasu suna buƙatar zazzabi na + 15-18 ° C.
• Mikhanovich murtsunguwa a cikin hunturu na iya girma a +5 ° C.

Idan yawan zafin jiki sama yayi ƙasa, shuka zai mutu.

Haske

Itace tana buƙatar kyakkyawan haske. Hasken rana kai tsaye kada ya fadi akan kara, in ba haka ba konewa a cikin hanyar aibobi launin ruwan kasa zasu bayyana akan fatar. Ya kamata a kwantar da dakin da kyau.

Cactus a waje

Idan hasken rana kai tsaye ya shiga ta taga, to, kuna buƙatar warwatsa su da wucin gadi ko cire furen filawar awanni da yawa a cikin wurin da yafi dacewa.

Watse

Ana yin ruwa kusan sau 2-3 a wata. Wajibi ne a lura da bushewar kasar gona. Amfani a cikin tsarin ban ruwa za a iya tsaftace ruwa a zazzabi a dakin.

Watse

A lokacin furanni, adadin ruwa na iya ƙaruwa.

Fesa

Kar a fesa karaficin a karkashin kowane yanayi. Ruwa da shiga ɓangaren sararin samaniya na iya haifar da juyawa. Bangaren sune “wankin” wadanda suka hada da jiyya.

Haushi

Danshi a lokacin bazara bai buƙatar sarrafawa, amma bai kamata ya zama 100% ba.

A cikin hunturu, adadi kada ya wuce 70%. In ba haka ba, shuka zai fara jujjuyawa. Don kula da zafi na yau da kullun a cikin ɗakin, zaku iya amfani da na'urori na musamman.

Kasar

Soilasa don murtsunguwa shine cakuda humus, ƙasar sod, peat, yashi. An ɗauka abubuwan haɗin baki ɗaya daidai.

Gyara canji

Manyan miya

Ana yin suturar miya ta sama sau ɗaya a wata a lokacin girma. A cikin hunturu da kaka, aikace-aikacen kowane taki haramun ne. Ma'adinan ma'adinai, wanda babu wasu abubuwanda aka sanya abubuwan halitta, ana amfani dasu azaman kayan miya. Shouldoshin abinci ya kamata ya ƙunshi kadan nitrogen.

Siffofin kulawa na hunturu, lokacin hutawa

Gymnocalycium fure ne, kulawa wanda a lokacin hunturu yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi na musamman. Abin da dole ku kula da:

• Rage ruwa zuwa lokaci 1 na wata daya. Wasu nau'in basa buƙatar shayar da su gaba ɗaya.
• A lokacin sanyi, kuna buƙatar rage zafi.
• Dole ne a tura shi cikin ɗaki tare da zazzabi ba ƙasa da +15 ° С.
• Idan shuka ba shi da isasshen haske, to, cututtuka na iya bayyana, don haka wani lokaci ana buƙatar shigarwa na wutar lantarki ta wucin gadi.

Babu wasu fasaloli a cikin kulawar hunturu. Bayan ƙarshen lokacin lalatacce, dole ne a mai da abin da ya dace zuwa yanayin da ake tsare da shi.

Yaushe kuma yadda yake habaka

Yana da shekaru 2 - 2 da haihuwa. Wasu nau'in na iya jefa farkon toho bayan shekaru 5. Tsirrai na iya yin fure kowace shekara, amma wasu nau'in suna sau 2-3 ne kawai a rayuwa.

Kyautatuwa mai kyau

Fulawa yana farawa daga farkon zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu kuma wannan tsari ya ci gaba har faɗuwar.

A toho ya bayyana a cikin inuwar ɓangaren gangar jikin daga rana. Furen fure 10 10-14 bayan fitowar sa. Shekarun shekarun toho na kwana 10.

Idan Bloom ya fadi a faɗo, to, ƙwayayen bazai yi fure ba. Irin wannan sautin na iya tashi saboda dumin haske.

Ta yaya cactus hymnocalycium ke yadawa

Cactus na iya yaduwa a gida ta amfani da rassan gewaye ko tsaba. Kowane zaɓi ana bambanta shi da ka'idodin kulawa da kuma hanyar da kanta. Sauƙaƙan zaɓi don haifuwa shine juyawa zuwa ga tsarin kai tsaye ko kuma tsarin masali. Germinating tsaba shine karin aiki mai wahala wanda ke buƙatar samun wasu sharuɗan da za'a cika su.

Shuka shuka

Yaduwa da iri germination an dauki mafi wuya, amma cacti girma ta wannan hanyar suna tsayayya wa kowane dalilai mara kyau. Wajibi ne a shirya akwati tare da zurfin 2-5 cm, zuba wani sandar m yashi da peat a cikin akwati.

Lokacin da ƙasa tayi sanyi, kuna buƙatar sanya tsaba a nesa na 2-3 cm daga juna kuma yayyafa kaɗan tare da cakuda ƙasa. Inasa a cikin akwatin dole ne danshi koyaushe. Kula da matsayin danshi wanda yakamata tare da kwalban feshi. Zazzabi iska kada ya faɗi ƙasa +20 ° С.

Bayan kimanin kwanaki 10, seedlings suka bayyana. Canza irin wannan ƙwayar zai yiwu ne kawai bayan shekaru 1-2.

Gyaran gefe

Don ninka hymnocalycium ta amfani da rassan gewaye, kuna buƙatar aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan:

1. Rarrabe tsari daga dattijo.
2. Sanya shi a kan tawul na takarda kuma bushe a wuri mai duhu na kwana 1.
3. Yi tukunya da ƙasa mai yashi.
4. Latsa kara a cikin ƙasa don kada ya faɗi.

Hanyoyin cigaban mahaifa

A tsakanin kwanaki 14, appendix yana da asalinsu. Zai fi kyau aiwatar da hanya a cikin bazara, lokacin da shuka ya shiga matakin ciyayi.

Juyawa

Wani lokaci tafiyar basal ta bayyana. Suna da kusan cikakkiyar tsarin tushen tare da mahaifiyar shuka. An ware rabuwa a lokacin dasawa.

Shuka dasa

Wajibi ne a rarrabe tushen tsarin kuma dasa dasa a cikin tukunya da ƙasa. Ana amfani da substrate iri ɗaya kamar na shuka mai girma.

Karin kwari da cututtuka

Sakamakon abin da ba daidai ba na fure, mai gizo-gizo mite, rot ko mealybug na iya buge shi. Abubuwan da ke haifar da cuta da yakar su sun bambanta:

• Gizo-gizo gizo-gizo fara ne kawai a kan matasa tsirrai. Dry da "m" m bayyana a kan fata. Ya bayyana saboda karancin zafi. Don kawar da kwaro, kuna buƙatar kula da saman cactus tare da mafita na ruwa da barasa, kuma a ƙarshen yana da mahimmanci don kwantar da ɗakin.
• Mealybug yana haifar da asalin tushen tsarin tushe da kuma gangar jikin. Idan babu fure, kuma fure da kanta yayi girma a hankali, to matsalar tana cikin mealybug. Don magance kwaro, kuna buƙatar tono wata shuka kuma ku wanke tushen da akwati a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu.
• Rot yana faruwa ne sakamakon yawan ruwa. Wajibi ne a tono tsoka, don cire hanyoyin lalata. Yayyafa yanka tare da carbon carbon foda mai aiki. Kuma a sa'an nan ban kasa a cikin sabon, gurbata ƙasa.

Spider mite

Idan kun bi shawarar don kulawa, to matsaloli tare da kwari ba zai tashi ba. Sauran tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cuta na iya zama asalin hanyar bayyanarsu.

Misallan kwalliya

Kuna iya yin ado da gidan tare da tsire-tsire waɗanda ba a sani ba daga dangin Cactus, wanda ke cikin kwayoyin Gymnocalycium. Cactus ɗin baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman ga kansa, yana da kamannin da ba na al'ada ba. Launuka masu haske na Trunks da furanni, waɗanda suka shahara a wasu nau'ikan wannan nasarar, sun mai da su "sarakuna" cikin ciyawar cikin gida. Zai yuwu a haɗa wasu nau'ikan ga manya.