Na dogon lokaci, sautin zuma yana amfani da mutum a matsayin tushen kayan kiwon lafiya: zuma, kakin zuma, propolis, da dai sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, aikinsa yana da girma a matsayin mai binciken pollinator na halitta. Daya daga cikin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin rayuwar iyalin kudan zuma shine swarming sabili da haka, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci siffofin wannan tsari, da kuma sanin yadda za'a hana ƙudan zuma swarming.
Kudancin ƙudan zuma a matsayin abin mamaki na halitta
A karkashin wasu yanayi, iyalin kudan zuma ya raba, kuma ɗaya daga cikin sassa ya bar hive. Wannan tsari na haifuwa na iyali yana kira swarming. Ya yi kama da wannan: a rana mai haske, dumi, rana marar tsabta wata ragowar ƙwayoyin kwari ta tashi daga hive, wadda take samar da girgije mai yawa. Tsarin yana da matsakaicin ma'auni na 1.5 kg, amma swarms biyar kilogram zai iya samuwa. Bugu da ari, wani ɓangare a cikin nau'i na gungu yana rataye a kan bishiyoyi ko bishiyoyi kuma ya kasance a cikin wannan nau'i, jiran saƙonnin ƙudan zuma masu neman neman sabon gidaje. Tare da sakamako mai kyau na binciken, swarm yana motsa zuwa wurin da aka samu. 
Shin kuna sani? Kudan zuma wanda ba a kwashe shi ba zai iya kai gudun 65 km / h, kuma dangin kudan zuma mai karfi a lokacin rani yana kwance nesa daidai da nesa daga Duniya zuwa watar Moon.
Alamun
Akwai alamomi da yawa wadanda suka nuna farkon farkon iyali:
- ba a ƙara ciyar da mahaifa ba;
- da mahaifa ya cika fuska da kwanciya, yayin da ya rage girmansa da kuma samo ikon iya tashi;
- kwari a cikin gungu suna tattara a bango na hive kuma suna tashi ne kawai bayan kwatsam;
- gine-gine na saƙar zuma ya tsaya;
- da yawa drone broods bayyana;
- kwari gnaw a daraja;
- buzz na kwari yana ƙaruwa.
Kafin ka fara samar da apiary, koyi da siffofin kudan zuma don farawa.
Dalilin swarming
A cikin kudan zuma, tsarin aiwatar da swarming kanta, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana nuna alamar lafiyar iyalin kudan zuma kuma zai iya haifar da dalilai daban-daban. Amma wani lokacin ya faru cewa ƙudan zuma tashi tashi saboda Yanayin yanayin rayuwa mara kyau. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin swarming masu kudan zuma da kansu zasu iya farawa. Bari mu ga dalilin da yasa ƙudan zuma suna swarming.
Girgiro
Girma yawanci shine dalilin da ya fi dacewa don fara tsari. A wannan yanayin, iyalin da ke da iyaka ba su da isasshen sarari don adana kwakwalwa, mahaifa ba shi da wuri don sa qwai, kuma a cikin haka, yawancin kwari suna tarawa a cikin mahaifa kuma sun kasance cikin cikin gida.
Hadawa mai layi
An yi imani da cewa irin wannan ƙudan zuma yana tasowa saboda tarin ƙudan zuma na ƙudan zuma da ke aiki kawai cikin mahaifa. Ma'aikata marasa aiki sun fara gina mahaifiyar mata. Lokacin da aka katange wadannan sarauniya Sarauniya, tsohuwar sarauniya ta zama wani ɓangare na ganga tana barin hive.
Coriander, chestnut, buckwheat, hawthorn, espartsetovy, rapeseed, linden da phacelia - sosai dadi da kuma lafiya iri dake zuma, wanda aka tattara daga zurfin yanayi kanta.
Shin kuna sani? A Gabas ta Tsakiya, a lokacin da ake shuka furanni, akwai lokuta a yayin da kullun da aka samu daga gwaninta ya kai 33 kg a rana ɗaya.
Wasu dalilai
Baya ga abin da ke sama, akwai wasu dalilan da ke tilasta iyalan kudan zuma su kara. Don haka, a tsakanin masu kiwon kudan zuma, an yarda da ita cewa iyalan dake zaune a cikin rudun da ke cikin rana sun fi sau da yawa fiye da iyalai daga asibitoci. Wannan shi ne saboda overheating na amya. Bugu da ƙari, ƙudan zuma za su fara farawa saboda kullun.
Akwai kuma abin da ake kira tilasta swarming, wanda ya nuna matsala ga iyalin kudan zuma. A wannan yanayin, iyalin suna barin hive ba saboda manufar haifuwa ba, amma a ƙoƙari na tsira. A lokaci guda, babu kwari a cikin hive. Irin wannan hijirar yana faruwa ne a lokaci na Neroi - ko dai a farkon spring ko a lokacin kaka, lokacin cin hanci har yanzu ko a'a. 
Wasu lokutan masu kiwon kudan zuma sukan fara swarming na ƙudan zuma don kafa sabon asiri. Amfani da tsari na wucin gadi a kan yanayin shi ne cewa mai kula da kudan zuma ya sami iyalin da yake buƙata a daidai lokacin, a cikin yanayi mafi kyau kuma a cikin adadi mai yawa. Ana kiran wannan tsari ta hanyoyi daban-daban: ta hanyar rufe cikin mahaifa, ta hanyar kirkirar yadudduka, ta rarraba iyali.
Karanta bayanin irin ƙudan zuma da bambance-bambance tsakanin su.
Yaya za a tantance lokacin swarming?
Yawancin lokaci, ƙudan zuma yana cikin watan Mayu ko farkon watan Yuni, lokacin da yanayi ya zama barga da dumi. Duk da haka, ba sababbin abubuwa ba ne don swarms a cikin Yuli da Agusta. Alamomin swarming sune aka jera a sama, amma ta yin amfani da akwatin kula zai taimaka maka karin ƙayyadadden lokacin da ƙudan zuma ke farawa. A wani ɓangare na firam akwai tsiri na saƙar zuma, ɗayan ya zama maras kyau. Tsarin yana duba lokaci-lokaci.
Idan ƙudan zuma sake sake gina saƙar zuma, to, swarming ba sa ran. Idan ba a sake gina saƙar zuma ba, amma a lokaci guda sun sanya iyayen sarauniya (wannan fasalin yana da wani zaɓi), iyalin kudan zuma suna shirya don swarming kuma mai kudan zuma yana da lokaci don dakatar da shi. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Tsarin yana shirye ya tashi daga kwana 8-10 bayan an shayar da giya mai ciki. Yana faruwa a cikin dumi, rana, yanayin rashin iska.
Yadda za a guje wa swarming?
Swarming, idan ba'a sarrafa shi ba daga wani mai kiwon kudan zuma, ana ganin mummuna, kamar yadda zaka iya rasa ƙudan zuma kawai. Bugu da ƙari, wannan tsari bazai iyakance shi ba zuwa wani nau'i. Ya faru cewa iyalan kudan zuma suna ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma kowace ƙarancin mota ya raunana fiye da na farko. A halin yanzu, a wannan yanayin, bazai sa ran samfurori daga ƙudan zuma ba. Saboda haka, swarming na ƙudan zuma sau da yawa ƙoƙari ya hana shi a matsayin abin cutarwa, kuma don wannan manufa beekeepers amfani da dama hanyoyi.
Honey yana da nisa daga darajar da mutum ya samu saboda ƙudan zuma. Dabbobin kiwon zuma irin su pollen, kudan zuma, da kakin zuma, propolis, podmor, madara madara sun kuma amfani.
Uterine reshe pruning
Wannan hanya ce ta tsufa kuma an gwada. Don kaucewa hijirar da ƙananan ƙudan zuma, wasu masu kudan zuma sun yanke fuka-fuki na mahaifa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaddamar da reshe yana ba ka damar ƙayyade shekarun mahaifa. Alal misali, a cikin shekara maras ƙidaya, an raba sashin hagu na hagu, kuma a kan ko da ɗaya, dama. An cire fuka-fuki da almakashi, an cire kashi ɗaya cikin uku. Yawan mahaifa ta haka ne ba zai iya kashewa ba, yanayin da aka riga ya koma cikin hive. 
Yana da muhimmanci! An gudanar da gwaje-gwajen don sanin ko ƙaddar fuka-fuki tana rinjayar yawan amfanin kudan zuma. A sakamakon haka, an ƙaddara cewa wannan tsari bai shafi tasiri ba.
Rufe kullun da aka sanya
Idan an raba hive zuwa jikin, to sai dukkanin mahaifa, sai dai ga filayen tare da kudan zuma, za a iya canjawa zuwa jikin ta jiki kuma rabuwa ta hanyar rarraba grid daga jikin da ke cikin iyalin kudan zuma. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a rufe babban jikin jikin mutum tare da grid. Bayan haka, ɓangaren ɓoye na hive an kara da shi tare da honeycombs, kuma ƙananan ƙasa tare da frameworks tare da kakin zuma. Saboda haka, ƙwayoyin za su shiga cikin aikin gina sabon vorschina, yayin da suke ci gaba da sadarwa tare da mahaifa. A cikin 'yan makonni, idan yawancin iyali ke fitawa ta hanyar kanta, dole a cire grid.
Gwada buga jaridar
Wata hanya mai mahimmanci don sarrafa ƙudan zuma swarming yin amfani da asali masu yawa. A gaban irin wannan hive, an sanya alamar rufewa a jikinsa na jiki, kuma ya kamata a bar mahaifa da kuma bude brood a wuri, a ƙasa mai zurfi. Ya kamata sararin sarari ya cika da honeycombs da wrinkles. Wannan hanya zai kauce wa yawan jama'a. Hotunan sararin samaniya a cikin hive, a cikin mahaifa - don kwanciya, kuma a cikin ƙudan zuma don tattara nectar. Bayan ginin ginin yana cike da zuma, masu kiwon kudan zuma masu bada shawara suna bada shawarar ajiye kantin sayar da shi.
Idan kana son yawancin zuma zai ƙara sau sau sau 3, karanta yadda za a samar da ƙudan zuma a cikin asibiti.
Yi gyare-gyare a wuraren
A wannan yanayin, wani hive da wani taro Dole ne a motsa shi kuma sanya wani a wannan wuri, da farko yin aiki tare da kusurwa 6-8, dole ne tare da wrinkle a tarnaƙi. Frames biyu tare da haske sushi ya kamata a cika da saliya mai dadi. Ɗaya da siffar kudan zuma, idan za ta yiwu daga dangin da ya fi dacewa, ya kamata a shigar a tsakiyar hive.
Dole a yi haka kafin lokacin ƙudan zuma. A saman wannan sabuwar hive, dole ne ka shigar da fatar daji tare da diaphragm. Wajibi ne don yin shigarwa - daidai a cikin tsari, a matsayin babban kwararru na murji, don haka kada yayi watsi da ƙudan zuma. Bugu da ari, a kan wannan hoton yana da muhimmanci a saka tsohuwar kudan zuma, sannan dukan ƙudan zuma za su motsa daga tsofaffin gida zuwa wani sabon sa kuma suyi sabbin kwayoyin Sarauniya. Za a raba iyali, amma yawancin ƙudan zuma za a kashe su. 
Gyarawar iyali ya sake faruwa a cikin Yuli, a lokacin lokaci na babban tarin zuma da kuma aiki kwanciya da ƙwayoyin biyu. Don yin wannan, zai fi dacewa a kan maraice maraice, iyalin daga asalin hijirar ya yayyafa ruwan da aka yi a kan mint ganye, bayan haka an cire tsarin babba (hive tare da diaphragm). Sa'an nan, wannan syrup sprinkles da ƙudan zuma daga ƙananan hive. Na gaba, an ajiye jarida a kan tsarin, bayan da aka sanya shi da wasu hanyoyi da yawa a ciki, kuma an sanya tsohuwar hive a sabon abu, amma ba tare da diaphragm ba. Bayan wadannan manipulations a cikin rufin ƙananan ya kamata bude ƙofar. Da safe, iyalai guda biyu zasu haɗu cikin ɗaya, kuma a lokacin girbin zuma za a yi aiki da wani yanki na kudan zuma wanda ya cika.
Chess
Wannan fasaha ya haɓaka ta hanyar ƙwararren Kanada Walter Wright. Matsalar swarming an warware shi kamar haka - sama da gida kafin swarming na ƙudan zuma ya kamata a shigar (a hanyar da aka haɗe, ta hanyar daya) wani fitilar da aka rufe da zuma da kuma fom din tare da sake gina lambun zuma. Wannan hanya yana da kyau saboda Kada ku dame naman kudan zuma. Wannan aikin ya cutar da kwari, ya tabbatar da cewa lokaci don swarming bai riga ya zo ba.
Kammalawa
Kodayake ƙudan zuma ƙwayar ƙudan zuma shine tsarin haifuwa na halitta, zai iya haifar da asarar ƙudan zuma da karuwar yawan zuma. Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci ga beekeeper ya iya sarrafa shi, kuma idan ya cancanta, yi matakai don hana shi.
