Oats (namun daji) yana daya daga cikin mummunar weeds, wanda yayi dace da kowane yanayin muhalli kuma dangi ne na al'adu na al'ada. Ya yi fure a farkon lokacin rani a cikin amfanin gona mafi yawan amfanin gona, amma ana samuwa mafi yawan lokuta inda albarkatun gona na tsiro suka girma. Bayan da ya wuce ta hanyar juyin halitta, hatsi mai hatsari a yau ya fi yawancin weeds. A yau, akwai nau'in jinsin wannan shuka: na kowa, arewacin, mai tsayi, tsire-tsire, gemu, bakarare, kudancin da kuma m.
Mene ne ƙwayar yake kama da ita?
Yana da wuya a gane wadannan tsire-tsire nan da nan, tun da wannan ƙwayar tana da kama da irin ciyawa. Amma, da bambanci da tsaba na hatsi mai yalwace, 'ya'yan itatuwan hatsi, da dawakan dawakai suka haɗa da tushe, sun fara samuwa duhu, kusan inuwa. Kwankwatar gwiwoyi na gwiwar daji da kuma siffar helix, wanda suka saya ta hanyar karkatarwa a kusa da su, sune alamar gaskiyar cewa akwai sako a gabanku, ba amfanin gona ba. 
Kayan daji yana da tsarin gina jiki mai zurfi, wanda ke shiga cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin mita 150. Sakamakon shuka ya kai 60 zuwa 120 cm a tsawo, wanda ya bambanta shi daga hatsi mai noma, wanda sashi ya fi ƙasa. Ganye na linzamin linzami mai zurfi, har zuwa 30 cm tsawo, haɗin kai tare gefen, yana da harshe.
Shin kuna sani? Yawan hatsi mai mahimmanci ba zai iya yiwuwa a rarrabe daga hatsi mai hatsi ba, tun da suna da nau'i ɗaya, nauyi, girman, launi na Sikeli. Wannan yana haifar da matsala mai yawa a cikin yaki da hatsi mai hatsari da rabuwa da hatsi daga girbi na wasu albarkatu.
A cikin bayanin irin hatsi na yau da kullum, yana da muhimmanci a kula da ƙwayar cuta da hatsi, tare da taimakon abin da shuka yake yaduwa. Inflorescence wani abu ne wanda yake kunshe da kwallaye uku. Kwayar iri mai hatsi yana tattare da Sikakken furen kuma ya fada tare da su. Rubutun membranous ya zama siffar mai launi-mai siffar kofi-mai siffa. Ɗaya daga cikin irin shuka ya samar har zuwa 700. 
Ana shuka hatsi ne kawai ta hanyar tsaba. Ɗaya daga cikin nau'o'in nau'i na nau'i nau'in nau'in nau'i na nau'i na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na nau'i:
- Ƙasa - manyan hatsi mai mahimmanci, wanda ya zama kashi 70% na yawan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Sai suka yi kwasfa daga baya kuma sun kaddamar da kayan don dasa. Sauran lokaci - 3 watanni.
- A sama - duhu, ƙananan hatsi, waɗanda suke da tsawon lokaci har zuwa watanni 22 da kuma fada a baya, suna tashi daga zurfin 10-12 cm.
Maturation na panicle tiers ya faru ba tare da wata kungiya ba, kuma suna kwashe su daga: zuwa sama zuwa kasa. Irin wannan nau'in yana haifar da lokacin zubar da ciki - kimanin wata daya. Sabili da haka, don kawar da ƙwayar, ba tare da yin ba, ba zai yiwu ba, saboda wasu adadin tsaba zasu kasance a ƙasa.
Koyi yadda za a magance horsetail, thistle, snyyu, dandelion, nettle, birch, euphorbia, dodder, quinoa, kara, purslane a kan shafin.
Lokacin da aka ba da tsaba na hatsi, ba su buƙatar wasu sharuɗɗa don fara farawa da zane a ƙasa. Ya isa don ruwan sama ya fadi. Ana haifar da yaduwar ƙwayar hatsi ta hanyar shuka shuke-shuken shuke-shuken ƙasa guda daya ba tare da hutu ba. 
Harmfulness
Bayan ƙaddara abin da ake nufi da oat da kuma yadda yake gani, ya kamata ka nuna shi mallaka kaddarorin:
- Cigar kasa da kuma lalatawa. Daya daga cikin siffofin oat shi ne saurin tsabtace hatsi. Saboda wannan, 'ya'yansa zasu fara gushewa kafin girbin gurasa na burodi, da karfi da ƙarfafa ƙasa da hatsi. Matsayin clogging ya dogara da yawan hatsi da ke da lokaci don tsarawa, halaye su, lokaci na ripening da zubar. Tun da matsakaici da ƙananan hatsi suna zubawa a gaban manyan mutane, sai su kwashe ƙasa. Tun da irin wannan sako yana shaye tsawon lokaci da rabi fiye da naman hatsi, a ƙarƙashin rinjayarsa ƙasa ta ƙare, wannan zai iya cutar da amfanin gona har tsawon shekaru, musamman ma a fari.
- An girbe girbi. Girman hatsi sun kasance a cikin tsalle-tsalle (tsawon kwanaki 30-40), don haka a lokacin da ake daukar hatsi a cikin mai kwakwalwa da kuma kayan abincin, shi ne mafi yawan lokutan manyan hatsi da aka samo. Lokacin da yawan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ya wuce 50 da m2, yawan amfanin hatsi na hatsi ya sauke by 20%. Akwai lokuta idan yawan hatsi oat a cikin amfanin gona shine sau 20 adadin alkama. Cunkuda tsaba suna da matukar wuya a raba su daga tsaba na hatsi ko sha'ir. Sakamakon haka, ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwan da ke cinye kayan gona, da manyan su - irin kayan. Kyakkyawan hatsi gauraye da 'ya'yan itace mai hatsi yana ragewa sosai: a cikin hatsi marasa amfani na hatsi mai hatsi, saboda kyawawan gashi da ƙananan spines, ciyar da dabbobin su na iya haifar da kumburi na suturar jini da mucous membranes; dafa tare da hatsi, hatsi mai hatsi ya rage ingancin hatsi da ake amfani dashi don abinci, ya rage darajansa a kasuwa: oat hatsi, hade tare da hatsi na alkama, ya ba gari gari mai duhu da kuma dandano tart.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dabbobin daji zasu zama masu illa ga dabbobi kawai bayan kafa wani kwanon rufi. Ovus, wanda ya shafe kafin ya yi panicle, ya samar da wannan hay a matsayin hatsi kuma zai iya kasancewa mai kyau abinci ga dabbobi.
- Ciyar da kwari (ƙudaje na Sweden, thrips, smut, nematodes) da cutar da alkama da wasu albarkatu.
- Ajiye cututtuka daban-daban.
- Damage zuwa iri iri. Hybrids ko hybrids na hatsi mai kyau tare da zabi na iri, a matsayin mulkin, a farkon shekaru ba su bambanta daga talakawa hatsi, amma a lokacin da suka rabu, ainihin oatsuzhnye shuke-shuke rabu, da hatsi crumble da kuma shimfiɗa ƙasa. Saboda haka ana rarraba sako a inda ba a baya ba.
Matakan sarrafawa
Tun da cutar wannan ƙwayar yana da muhimmanci, buƙatar magance shi ya zama fili. Domin sanin yadda za a magance ɗaya daga cikin cututtuka mafi cutarwa, dole ne a kafa dalilan da ya ninka kuma ya bayyana a wuraren da ba a taɓa yin ba. 
Abubuwan da ke taimakawa wajen fitarwa da yada wannan shuka:
- Ba a lura da 'ya'yan itace a canje-canje a yanayin gona ba: rashin raguwa da rashawa a cikinta (alkama mai sanyi - sugar gwoza - gero), yana girma na tsawon lokaci iri iri.
- Shuka tsire-tsire na hunturu bayan amfanin gona da aka girbe.
- Rashin tsabta mai tsabta.
- Inganta noma da tillage.
- Rashin ƙwarewa lokacin tsaftace kayan abu.
- Babban adadin oat tsaba a cikin ƙasa.
- Inganta ajiya na taki, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don takin kasar gona.
Akwai hanyoyin da aka sani da yawa waɗanda aka yi amfani dashi don kawar da wannan sako: sunyi amfani da hanyoyin agronomic da sunadarai.
Shin kuna sani? Ruwa tsuntsu yana da hatsari ga albarkatu da aka shuka a farkon matakan. Tattalin tattalin arzikin tattalin arziki: a cikin hunturu alkama amfanin gona - 20 kwakwalwa / m2, spring amfanin gona - 16 kwakwalwa / m2, lokacin da contaminance ne 50 inji / m2, da yawan amfanin ƙasa ya rage by 20%, tare da 300 katunan / m2 - sau hudu, tare da 450 pcs / m2 - sau biyar ko fiye .
Agrotechnical receptions
- Daidaitawa (pentapole) juyawa na noma. Noma na ganye, albarkatu waɗanda ba su taimakawa wajen haifar da hatsi ba.
- Daidaitawa da yanayin ajiya da shiri na takin mai magani don ƙasa.
- Tsarin tsirrai tare da amfani da maida Oryus tare da sassan sita daban-daban don amfanin gona daban-daban, wanke kayan aiki da kayan aiki da ake amfani dashi lokacin aiki a filin.
- Rushewar tsire-tsire oat na harbe ta hanyar sarrafa ruwa kafin shuka albarkatu ta hanyar amfani da tafarkin tsokana (rufewa na danshi, aikace-aikace na takin mai magani, wanda sakamakonsa ya fara fitowa daga baya kuma za'a iya tumɓuke shi ta hanyar ci gaba da shuka).
Amfanin herbicides
Ana amfani da hanyar sunadarai na kula da sako a cikin adadin ayyukan aikin gona da kuma tasiri ga lalata shuke-shuke osyuzhnyh. Dole ne a yi amfani da herbicides tare da hankali kuma kawai a lokacin da adadin weeds ya wuce ma'auni a kan abin da kayan aikin inji ya dace.
Kafin dasa gona tare da albarkatun gona, yana da kyau a gudanar da binciken binciken phytopathology na filayen, wanda zai ƙayyade ko za'a yi amfani da sinadarai. Anyi wannan ne kawai don kauce wa cututtuka a kan amfanin gona, amma har ma don adanawa, saboda yin amfani da herbicides yana da tsada sosai kuma babu hankali don ciyar da kudi idan za ka iya jimre wa taimakon fasahar fasaha.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don sarrafa iko mai yawa na albarkatun oat, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da shirye-shirye na ci gaba, wanda ya ƙunshi glyphosate a matsayin tushen.
Zaka iya yakin wannan shuka tare da taimakon irin wannan herbicides:
- Avantix Karin (noma albarkatun gona a farkon fasalin ci gaba).
- "Mahimmanci" (aiki a spring daga lokaci na 2 ganye har zuwa karshen tillering na hatsi oats);
- "Dope" (tazarar ruwa a cikin farkon fasalin ciyayi);
- "Eraser Extra" (aiki a farkon matakai na ci gaban hatsi);
- "Polgar" (spraying a cikin bazara a kan vegetative weeds, fara tare da lokaci na ganye guda biyu har zuwa karshen tillering);
- "Maganin" (yaduwa a cikin bazara a farkon farkon ci gaba).
Yin amfani da wadannan maganin herbicides a kan hatsi, kamar sauran mutane, ba a ƙaddara ta hanyar ci gaba da al'adun ba, sai dai mataki na ci gaban al'amurran daji a nan.Ana amfani da maganin cututtuka don amfani da kwayar cutar: Roundup, Ground, Prima, Zencor, Agrokiller, Stomp, Lontrel-300.
Dabba mai lalacewa - ingancin oat, wanda yayi kama da hatsi mai ma'ana, ba zai haifar da amfanin gona ba, wanda yake kusa da shi, amma har ƙasa, bushe shi kuma ya rage shi. Yana da haɗari ga dabbobi da kuma janyo hankalin kwari wanda zai cutar da wasu albarkatu. Zaka iya yakin wannan shuka ta amfani da fasahar sarrafa kayan aikin gona ko magunguna. Yayin da ake shirin raya amfanin gona tare da herbicides, yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar cewa yana da matukar muhimmanci kuma hanyoyin da ba za su taimaka ba.
