Yawan nau'in apple iri-iri na ƙwayar Ural yana bambanta da dandano.
Honey-mai dadi mai 'ya'yan itace mai cikakke ne don bushewa, kuma idan sabo ne, wadannan apples ba su da daidai.
Wane irin ne?
Apple iri-iri Ural girma (wani lokacin ana kiransa kawai Ural girma ko Ural girma apple) yana nufin yanayin kaka. An bayyana halin tsayayyar matsananciyar cututtukan fungal. Girman hunturu da fari na juriya ne.
'Yan' ya'yan itace da ajiyar ajiya masu kyau suna har zuwa watanni biyu. Wannan ya kamata a yi a cikin firiji (firiji) ko wuraren ajiya na musamman a zafin jiki kimanin 0 ° C. Calibrated by size apples suna mafi kyau saka a cikin kwantena katako (kwalaye, kwantena ko racks).
Ruwan jini
Wannan batu ne mai nauyin infertile.. Wannan yana nufin cewa zazzaɓin yana faruwa saboda pollen na furanni na furanni na wani nau'in. Hanya mafi kyau, hawan hanyoyi guda biyu a nesa da mita 5 daga juna.
Bayani na lakabi na Ural
Harsar bishiyoyin apple suna halin matsakaici na matsakaici, mai haske mai haske mai tsayi da haske 'ya'yan itatuwa.
A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa za ku ga abin da Ural babban apple ya dubi da kuma bugu da žari karanta bayanin.
Matsayi girma da girma da girma.
Krone yana da laushi, matsakaici na haske, haske da duhu.
Rahotan da aka kaddamar a kusan kusurwar dama daga gangar jikin.
A haushi yana canza launin toka. Fruiting - gauraye:
- matasan kai;
- twigs;
- abubuwan da aka samu a bara.
'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da ƙananan ƙananan nauyinsu a matsakaicin wuya ya wuce 100 grams.
Akwai 'ya'yan itatuwa har zuwa 150-170 grams. A kan bishiya, a matsayin mai mulki, apples of approximately size size girma.
Rashin tsatsa, baƙaƙe mai laushi, m. Apples suna da m, kunkuntar saucer da wani ɗan gajeren kara na matsakaici kauri.
Fata ne santsi da haske. Launi ne rawaya na zinariya. Ƙananan maki ba bayyane ba ne.
Jiki yana da kyawawan fata, mai launin fata. Gwaran yana da jituwa sosai - kayan zaki, kusa da sutura. Ƙanshi na apple shine m.
A matsakaici, 'ya'yan itacen ya ƙunshi:
- 13.6% soluble bushe kwayoyin halitta;
- 10.6% na sukari;
- 0.7% adadin acid;
- 8.6 MG / 100 g ascorbic acid.
Hotuna
Tarihin kiwo
A Ural babban apple iri-iri da aka bred da P.A. Zhavoronkov a Cibiyar Nazarin Poloivoszhosovodstva da Dankali kiwo na Southern Urals, saboda halaye iri iri na Red Ranetka da Papirovka.
Yankin ci gaban halitta
Yankin ci gaban halitta na Ural babban itacen apple yana dauke da shi yanki kusa da wurin zaɓin sa. Dabbobi iri iri a yankin Arewa maso Yammacin Rasha, da Kazakhstan - daga Urals zuwa Gabashin Gabas tun shekarar 1959.
Duk da haka, tare da kulawa da kyau da dasa shuki sosai, itacen apple yana karuwa a wasu yankuna.
Yawo
Bisa ga wallafe-wallafe, farawa na 'ya'yan itace farawa da wuri - shekaru 2-3 bayan dasa shuki itace. Maturation na faruwa a ƙarshen Satumba. Tun lokacin da iri-iri ke da mahimmanci don sarrafawa, an bayyana shi da wasu lokuta uku na balaga mai ban mamaki:
- na farko - don yin kayan juices (lokacin da nama ya kasance sabo ne, m da m);
- na biyu - don sabon amfani (cikakke cikakke);
- na uku - don sarrafa aikin da jam, jam ko jelly (overripe 'ya'yan itace, ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai taushi sosai).
Yawan aiki yana da yawa, na yau da kullum, shekara-shekara. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kadari 200 a kowace hectare, har zuwa kimanin kilo 250 na 'ya'yan itatuwa an cire daga itace daya.
Dasa da kulawa
Daga kula kai tsaye ya dogara da yawan amfanin apple. Apple Ural girma unpretentious a cikin kulawa da kuma dace da resistant zuwa cututtuka na fungal.
Lokacin da dasa shuki itace ta amfani da takin gargajiya.
Don haka, bari mu ga wane lokaci na shekara ya zama dole don dasa irin wannan apple da kuma wace yanayi ne mafi dacewa a gare shi. Ural girma - kaka iri-iri apple. Samar da wannan iri-iri ne kyawawa a daya daga cikin lokuta biyu:
- spring (marigayi Afrilu);
- kaka (marigayi Satumba - Oktoba Oktoba).
Duk da haka har yanzu da shawarar kaka don wannan iri-iri. Za'a iya yin shuka ta hanyar dasa shuki a shirye-shirye ko kuma daga 'ya'yan itacen.
Hanyar na biyu ita ce mai ban sha'awa, duk da haka, tsawon lokaci da damuwa. Ya fi dacewa da ma'aikata masu fasaha.
Har ila yau akwai haɗarin cewa a ƙarshe za ku yi girma a jikin itace dabam dabamsabili da haka zamu yi la'akari da siffofin hanyar farko.
Domin itace yayi karfi, da lafiya da kyau, abu na farko da ya zama dole shi ne zaɓin iri iri.
Lokacin da aka riga an sayi seedlings, yana da matukar muhimmanci a zabi wuri mai kyau don dasa itacen apple. Babban alamu na wurin da ya dace don saukowa da Ural girma:
- yanki na rana;
- rashin iska;
- yankunan saukowa suna da kyau;
- yanki na loamy ko yashi ƙasa;
- wurare daga ruwan kasa.
Abu mafi mahimmanci a tsarin saukowa shine shiri na ramukan saukowa. Da mafi kyau duka sigogi na rami don dasa shuki apple na wannan iri-iri: 0.8 x 0.7m.
Saurin algorithm saukewa yana da sauki. Ƙunƙasa na sama na ƙasa da aka ƙera ta haɗe tare da ƙananan Layer kuma an gabatar da wadannan. takin mai magani:
- 18-20 kg na doki taki;
- 250 grams na itace ash;
- 250 g na superphosphate;
- 100 grams na potassium sulfate.
Ramin ya cika da cakuda ƙasa da taki da 2/3. Duniya mai ban sha'awa ba tare da taki an zuba ba. Ramin ya shayar kuma sake cika Layer na ƙasa mai kyau. Yanzu zaku iya dasa itacen apple kamar yadda ya dace, tare da taimakon wani. Bayan, tabbas ka ƙulla ta zuwa wani nau'i mai nau'i na katako na takwas.
Shekara mai zuwa bayan dasa shuki, a cikin bazara, yana da muhimmanci a samar da kambi na launi na itacen apple. Dole ne a datse ƙarshen kowane reshe.
Tun da itacen apple ya zo da wuri sosai, a cikin shekarar farko, tabbatar da kwashe dukan furanni. Wannan zai ba da damar samun amfanin gona na farko a cikin ƙarar girma.
A cikin shekarar farko a Afrilu, wajibi ne don dasa bishiyoyi tare da gauraye masu karewa daga kwari. Wannan hanya ya kamata a yi sau biyu:
- lokacin da buds suka fara faduwa akan rassan;
- kafin a yi amfani da buds.
Kulawa na farko a farkon shekaru biyu zuwa shekaru uku bayan dasa shuki:
- yanyan bishiyoyi don karewa daga rodents da hares (kayan - takarda, lapnik);
- mulching tare da humus pristvolnyh da'irori;
- Tudun ƙasa zuwa tsawon ashirin da centimeters;
- saman miya tare da abinci mai gina jiki;
- ban ruwa na bishiyoyi tare da gaurayawan da suke karewa daga kwari.
Cututtuka da kwari
Apple-itacen na sa da Ural girma yana da tsayayya sosai ga cututtukan fungal daban-daban.
Wannan yana nufin cewa scab, powdery mildew, 'ya'yan itace rot ko wuta iya rinjayar itace. Ka yi la'akari da ƙayyadaddun bayanai da halaye na waɗannan cututtuka.
Feature of scab - shan kashi na ganyen bishiyar, da fari, sannan kuma shan kashi na 'ya'yan itace. Babban dalili game da bayyanar wannan naman gwari shine mafi yawan lokutta matsanancin iska a cikin kambi na itace ko ƙara yawan zafi.
Kwana na gaba zai faru sau da yawa bayan ruwan sama sosai powdery mildew. Alamar halayyar cutar ita ce bayyanar naman gwari na mycelium a cikin farin farin a jikin bishiyoyi. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa a kan itacen daga ƙasa zuwa sama, har sai ya kai hari ga bishiyar.
Fruit Rot - Wani cututtuka na irin fungal, wanda ya shiga cikin tsakiyar tayin ta hanyar fashe da raunuka da dabbobi, da iskar ko wata hanya ta halitta a baya. Alamar farko ita ce bayyanar launin ruwan kasa akan fata na apple, wanda zai yi girma har sai apple ya ɓace.
Tsarin jerin matakan da suka dace mafi kyau wanda zai kawo tasiri akan cututtuka daban-daban na itacen apple:
- pollination na colloidal sulfur da jan karfe mahadi;
- da amfani da iri dake da tsayayya da cutar;
- lalata abubuwan da aka shafa;
- haɗuwa da potash da phosphorus irin;
- ciyar da takin mai magani na potash;
- Calcium chloride spraying a lokacin girma kakar;
- girbi mai dacewa;
- dace ajiyar apples.
Wadannan hanyoyi za su adana itacen daga kusan dukkanin cututtuka.
Duk da haka wata cuta da ake kira ƙwayar cuta ta kwayan cuta tana da matukar insidious kuma ba a iya tattakewa ba. Ana ƙone ƙonawa ta kwayoyin Erwinia amylovora. Ya kamata a lalata itatuwan da aka shafi da wuri-wuri don kada su cutar da irin wadannan nau'o'in ci gaba. Mai wakilcin abu ne mai kariya.
Kayan Apple Ural yana da kyau a tsakanin masu aikin lambu da masu amfani, saboda yana da damuwa a kulawa kuma a lokaci guda yana bada kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itatuwa mai ban sha'awa.
Matsayi daidai zai dace da sababbin amfani, da kuma aiki daban-daban.
