Knifofiya (Kniphofia) wani yanki ne na ƙungiyar Asphodel. A vivo yana girma a Madagascar da Afirka. Halin halittar ya kunshi nau'ikan 75. Abubuwan haɓaka da aka shuka suna girma a cikin lambu. Wanda ya fara bayanin tsiron fure shine botanist I.I. Kniphof. Knifophies sune thermophilic, saboda haka suna girma mafi kyau a cikin yankuna na kudanci.
Bayanin knifofiya
Kniphofia suna da siffofin masu zuwa:
- tsayi - daga 1 zuwa 3 m;
- karu inflorescences tattara daga kananan furanni;
- corolla perianth;
- ovary uku-uku.
A bayyanar, 'ya'yan itacen akwati ne. Furannin furanni suna kan saman tushe. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a lura da kasancewar mutum shida na ɗalibai da ɗigon karnataka mai ɗorewa ta carpels uku. Ana sanya kectaries tsakanin kuranan. Keɓewa na nectar yana faruwa ta hanyar tubule, wanda yake a gindin shafi. 
Canza inflorescences da buds
Launi na inflorescences da buds daban. Lokacin fure yana farawa a watan Yuli. Bayan an kammala shi, tsiron ya sami kamalar kayan ado, wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
Dukkanin iri sune perennials. Knifofiya a cikin kamannin yayi kama da lupine. Kyawawan furanninta masu haske da kyau suna da kyan gani.
Knifofiya: iri da iri
Waɗannan furanni suna ƙawata gonar a duk lokacin girma. Neman wuri a gare su abu ne mai sauki. An dasa su a cikin lambuna masu ɗimbin yawa da lambuna masu cakuda.
Kniphofia ya bambanta da canza launi iri biyu. Houe yana canzawa a hankali. Lokacin ruwa ya dogara da sauyin yanayi. A cikin yanayin mai tsinkaye, inflorescences mai haske yana ƙawata gadaje furen daga Yuni zuwa Satumba.
Nau'in knifophia mai mahimmanci a cikin aikin lambu:
| Dubawa | Bayani, iri, launi na inflorescences |
| Tukka | Yin tsayayya da yanayin zafi. Tsawon daji da inflorescences daidai yake da 0.8 m da cm 15, bi da bi .. Hakan ya bambanta da yalwataccen launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi. Blossom a duk tsawon watan (Yuli-Agusta). |
| Damuwa | An samo shi ne a kan tushen kniphofia. Ana bambanta shi da launuka iri-iri. Girma - daga 60 zuwa 100 cm.
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| Berry | Yawancin ganye mai launin toka-mai launin toka, tsawan tsawon fure (watanni 2), wanda ke farawa a tsakiyar bazara. Inflorescences suna conical a siffar.
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| Shaggy | A saman ganyayyaki akwai villi. Siffar inflorescences conical. Furanni biyu: launin rawaya a ƙasa, ruwan hoda-m. Tsarin fure - 3 cm. |
| Isostolic | Ganyayyaki masu layi, furanni masu kama da furanni waɗanda suke girma daga sama zuwa ƙasa. Tsayin Peduncle daga 60 zuwa 100 cm. |
| Gashi | Zai iya samun mai tushe mai yawa. Bar ganye ne mai launin shuɗi da mara nauyi mara nauyi. A buds suna madaidaiciya, ruwan hoda-fari. Inflorescences a lokacin furanni ana jagorantar su ta fuskoki daban-daban. |
| Da wuri | Iya girma cikin yanayin m. Height bai wuce m 1.5. Yana fure a cikin rabin lokacin bazara. |
Dasa knifofiya a buɗe ƙasa, ƙarin kulawa
Wadannan tsire-tsire ba su ba da shawarar don dasa shuki a cikin wuraren da ke da inuwa ba kuma a ƙananan tuddai.
In ba haka ba, inflorescences da ganye zasu zama mara haske, haɓaka su zasuyi raguwa da muhimmanci. Knifofii yana buƙatar kariya daga abubuwan da aka zana. Basu yarda da kwararar ruwa ba.
Kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a sako kasar da takin. An ƙaddara zurfin da aka ƙaddara dangane da tsayin shuka. Da farko, ana sanya wani magudanar ruwa a cikin ramin, sannan kuma an gabatar da ƙasa wanda aka riga aka shirya.
Don dumama shi da kyau, ana sanya duwatsu kusa da filayen da aka rufe da kayan duhu. Girman su na iya bambanta.
Kniphofia shine perennial wanda ke tsayayya da rashin danshi. Saboda haka, ba a kan nema ruwa ba ne. Saboda wannan, ana dasa fure a wuraren da ke da kyakkyawan tsarin magudanar ruwa.
Ana amfani da takin mai magani a matakai da yawa. Ana yin riguna na fari na farko kai tsaye bayan bayyanar ganye na farko, babban dalili don mataki na biyu shine kammalawar lokacin fure.
A cikin jerin takin da aka yi amfani da shi:
- gaurayawan dauke da sinadarin nitrogen;
- peat;
- ash;
- takin
- humus.
Wani mahimmin mataki shine trimming. Ana aiwatar da shi a cikin bazara. Idan shuka ya yi fari a cikin ƙasa, to, kawai bayan cire tsari. Lalacewa, ɓangaren rawaya da sanyi-ciwanni na knizofia suna ƙarƙashin kawarwa. Tsaba ripened a cikin kwalaye basu da amfani.
Tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin hunturu (Tukka) na iya kasancewa a cikin buɗe ƙasa a cikin lokacin sanyi a yankuna kamar Yankin Moscow da tsakiyar tsiri na Rasha. amma har ma a wannan yanayin yana buƙatar rufe shi da fim na musamman, rassan spruce da ganye.
Ana buƙatar kasancewar ramuka sanyin iska. Idan ana amfani da murfin kariya daidai, furen zai iya rayuwa a zazzabi -15 ° C. Lashe gida a gida wani ƙa'ida ne ga yawancin nau'in kniphofia. Kada dakin ya zama sama da +8 ° С.
Noma da yaduwar knifofiya
Ana samun sabbin tsire-tsire ta hanyar ciyawar da hanyoyin haihuwa. Lokacin zabar ƙarshen, ana amfani da tsaba. Dole ne a sayi kayan dasa a cikin shaguna na musamman. Bukatar hakan shine rashin isasshen adadin kwanakin hasken rana. Tsarin girma seedlings daga tsaba yana da matukar wahala.
Za'ayi shuka ne a karo na biyu na Maris. Don haɓaka germination, an rufe akwatin da gilashi ko fim don makonni 2-3. Dole ne a cire korayen shinkafar don samun iska, kuma kasar gona a kai a kai ta jika.
Bayan fitowan, seedlings fara fara taurara a zazzabi a daki. Bukatar tara yana faruwa lokacin da aka kafa ganye biyu akan kara. Saukowa a cikin ƙasa bude ne da za'ayi a tsakiyar lokacin rani. Perennial blooms kawai don na uku kakar.
Hanyar ciyayi na haihuwa yana kunshe da raba ramin mata. Dace da wannan bushes shekaru uku. Abubuwan da aka haifar suna bi da gawayi. Sakamakon soket ana dasa su cikin rijiyoyin. Lingsa Seedan ƙwayoyi suna buƙatar shading na ɗan lokaci A wannan yanayin, kniphofia na fure a shekara bayan dasawa.
Cututtuka da cututtuka na knizofia
Furanni masu girma a cikin lambu na iya shafar tushen rot. Dalilin tsoratar da bayyanar shi shine yawan danshi da yalwar ƙasa.
Idan akwai alamun wannan cutar, ya wajaba don cire sassan lalacewar shuka. Don yin wannan, dole ne a haƙa shi kuma a sarrafa shi da tsari. Bayan daji kuna buƙatar dasawa zuwa wani shafin.
Kwayar cutar mai yiwuwa. A cikinsu, ana rarrabe tsakanin ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo da ƙwari. Don kawar da lahani na lalacewa, ana kula da knifofia tare da maganin kwari. Don hana kamuwa da cuta, ana dasa ciyawar kore da ganyayyaki masu ƙanshi. Idan mai lambu ya bi duk ka'idodi da ka'idodi na kulawa, haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan fure ba shi da ƙima.
Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: knifofiya a cikin shimfidar wuri mai faɗi
Ana amfani da nau'ikan tall don ƙirƙirar tushen. Shuke-shuke mallakar su ana dasa su a bayan ƙananan furanni. Kniphofia, wanda aka san shi da ƙananan girma, ya zama ƙawancewar rakuman ruwa da nunin faifai.
Saboda ire-iren tabarau, cakuda launuka, rashi matsaloli tare da dasawa da kulawa, abun da aka gama zaiyi farin ciki na dogon lokaci tare da tasirin ado. Jerin sunayen maƙwabta masu dacewa sun haɗa da irises, rudbeckia, ripsalis, santolines, eremurus.
