Biohumus mai amfani ne mai gina jiki wanda ke ciyarwa da kuma mayar da kayan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya ba ka damar girma girma da kuma amfanin gona da albarkatu. Wannan yana cikin wannan kwayoyin halitta, yadda yake bambanta da sauran takin mai magani da kuma yadda za a yi biohumus tare da hannayenka, zamu fada a cikin wannan labarin.
Mene ne vermicompost da yadda za a yi amfani da shi?
Biohumus ko vermicompost samfurin ne na sarrafa kayan aikin gona na zamani da sharan gidaje. Wannan shine abin da ya bambanta shi daga wannan humus ko takin, wanda aka samo shi sakamakon sakamakon kwayoyin da kwayoyin halitta daban daban.
Biohumus yana da irin waɗannan halaye kamar yadda inganta yanayin ƙasa da abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaddamar da nitrogen, phosphorus da potassium a ciki ya fi girma fiye da sauran kwayoyin. Abubuwan da ke amfani da vermicompost sune:
- humus abun ciki daga 10 zuwa 15%;
- acidity pH 6.5-7.5;
- da rashin kwayoyin cututtuka, kwayoyin daji, saltsu na ƙarfe;
- kasancewar maganin maganin rigakafin kwayoyi da kuma yawan adadin kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke da alaka da samfur;
- ci gaba da sauri da kuma ci gaba da tsauri a cikin tsire-tsire da aka ciyar da wannan kwayoyin halitta;
- yana aiki na uku zuwa bakwai.
Biohumus yana da kyau idan ya yi amfani da shi:
- don yin rigakafin cututtukan cututtuka da sauƙin sauƙi na zazzabi;
- don bugun sama da germination na tsaba da kuma ƙara yawan seedlings;
- don ƙara ƙarar da kuma hanzarta girke amfanin gona;
- don gaggauta dawowa, sabuntawa da inganta cigaban gona;
- don magance kwari mai cutarwa (sakamako har zuwa watanni shida);
- don bunkasa kayan ado na furanni.
Shin kuna sani? Ƙarar tsire-tsire da aka hadu da vermicompost shine 35-75% mafi girma daga abin da aka ciyar da taki.Bayanan kalmomi game da yadda za a yi amfani da kwayoyin halitta a gonar. An yi amfani dashi a matsayin babban taki don:
- dasa shuki da shuka shuke-shuke a cikin ƙasa mai bude da kuma a cikin greenhouse;
- saman kayan ado na kowane iri na tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire;
- resuscitation da kuma tanadi ƙasa;
- ayyuka daban-daban na gandun daji;
- samfuri da tsire-tsire masu fure da kuma girma ciyawa.
Ana amfani da wannan tsire-tsire a cikin kakar: daga farkon marigayi har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.Biohumus za a iya amfani da su a kowace ƙasa kuma a cikin kowane nau'i, yawan aikace-aikacen da aka ba da shawarar - 3-6 ton na busassun taki da 1 ha ga manyan yankuna, domin kananan - 500 g da 1 m².
Liquid bayani don ciyar da watering shuke-shuke da aka shirya daga 1 lita na vermicompost, wanda aka diluted a lita 10 na dumi ruwa.
An sayar da Biohumus a cikin cikakke a cikin granules da kuma a cikin ruwa (mai dakatarwa).
Shin kuna sani? A karo na farko, jama'ar Amirka sun fara haifar da tsutsotsi a kan gonaki na musamman (noma) a cikin 40s na karni na baya. Sa'an nan kuma aikin noma ya yada zuwa ƙasashen Turai. A yau an san shi mafi kyau a Jamus, Birtaniya, Netherlands da sauran ƙasashe.Ana iya sauƙin shirya a gida. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don yin haka:
- a cikin filin bude;
- a cikin dakin.
Dukansu a farkon kuma a cikin akwati na biyu zai zama wajibi ne don ba da takin gargajiya na musamman don kiwo. Ana amfani dasu don wannan vermifabriki.
Ƙarin bayani game da yadda ake dafa kwayar halitta, karanta wadannan sassan. Gaba ɗaya, wannan tsari ya ƙunshi matakai biyar:
- zaɓi na irin da sayan tsutsotsi;
- takin gargajiya;
- kwanciya na dabbobi a takin;
- kula da ciyarwa;
- hakar tsutsotsi da biohumus.
Zaɓi da sayen tsutsotsi takin
Za a iya samun kasawar ƙasa da kuma tattara ta kansu ko saya cikin shagon. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da tsutsotsi na California masu tsutsawa a cikin noma (bred a kan abinci a cikin 50s - 60s na karni na 20), amma kamfanonin da yawa suna ba da wasu nau'in: mai ba da mafita, mai noma, mai laushi, Dendroben Veneta (kututtukan Turai don kama kifi).
Masana binciken masana kimiyya na vermicompost sunyi iƙirari cewa mafi kyawun waɗannan jinsunan don nuna gaskiyar ita ce dan California da kuma mai jarida. Na farko suna ninka sosai, suna rayuwa na dogon lokaci (shekaru 10-16), suna aiki da sauri, amma babban hasara shine ƙananan rashin haƙuri.
Shin kuna sani? A lokacin rana, tsutsa ɗaya zai iya wucewa ta hanyar tsarin narkewa kamar girman ƙasa daidai da nauyin jikinsa. Saboda haka, idan munyi la'akari da cewa wannan nau'in dabba yana da nauyi kimanin 0.5 g, to sai mutane 50 a kowace awa 24 a kowace kadada zasu iya aiwatar da kilogiram 250 na kasar gona.Har ila yau, an cire mai hakar ma'adinan daga tsutsarar kututture. Yana da sauri a sake haifar da taki (yana samarwa har zuwa 100 kilogiram na biohumus), bai shawo kan cututtuka da annoba ba, yayi kyau (yana samar da mutane 1500) kuma yana iya tsayayya da yanayin zafi - yana tafiya cikin ƙasa don kada ya daskare.
Zaka iya saya tsutsotsi a cikin ɗakunan fasaha, ciki har da Intanit, ko a cikin harshe. Kasuwanci sukan sayar da su, akalla 1500 na kowannensu, wanda ya hada da kashi 10% na manya, 80% na yara da 10% na cocoons. Lokacin da kake sayen dabbobi, kana buƙatar kulawa da motsi da jiki.Zane mai kwalliya
Kamar yadda muka riga muka gani, ana iya shirya vermicompost a cikin yanayin gidan zafi, da kuma a cikin gida ko gida. Duk wani wuri zai yi: garage, zubar, ginshiki. Wasu suna ba da kyauta a cikin gidan wanka. Babbar abu - don gina composter ko rami compost ko tari.
A titin, an gina gida don tsutsotsi a cikin nau'i na katako na katako ba tare da kasa da murfi ba. Akwatin dole ne a sanya shi a wani wuri da aka ajiye daga rana a ƙasa, ba tare da wani akwati ba a kan sintiri, saboda ruwa mai yawa zai buƙaci hanya.
Yanayi na iya zama daban-daban, misali, 60-100 cm high, 1-1.3 m tsawo da fadi. A cikin ɗaki, wani gida na tsutsotsi za a iya gina shi daga akwatin katako ko filastik (akwati), ko kuma daga kwandon kwali da aka saka ɗaya a cikin wani. -Daɗin kayan gida. Don tsutsotsi tsire-tsire suna da manyan aquariums. Zaka iya amfani da sieve filastik, wanda aka sanya a cikin kwandon filastik ko akwati.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a tanada tanki tare da malalewa: saka takarda a launin kasa ko sanya ramuka a ciki. Idan ba a cire danshi ba, dabbobin zasu mutu.Don dacewa da tsutsotsi masu yawa a cikin karamin ɗaki, kwalaye ko kwantena zasu iya sanyawa daya a daya a wasu wurare ko ɗakunan ƙira. Don haka zaka iya sanya kimanin miliyoyin dabbobi a kan yanki na 15-20 m².
Takin shirya (na gina jiki substrate)
Ga kowane nau'in tsutsotsi, zai zama wajibi ne a shirya wani abu mai gina jiki, wanda ya kunshi:
- namanya ko kwanciya, abincin da aka shuka na asalin shuka, ganye, sama - daya sashi;
- yashi - 5%;
- hay (bambaro) ko sawdust - daya sashi.
Kafin a sanya shi a cikin takin mai magani na tsutsotsi, dole ne a dauki magani na musamman - takin gargajiya. Dole ne a cike shi da zafin jiki don yawancin kwanaki. Don yin wannan, ko dai kawai mai tsanani a rana (za a iya samun sauƙin zafin jiki daga watan Afrilu zuwa Satumba), ko lemun tsami ko peat (20 kg a kowace ton na kayan abu mai mahimmanci). 
Shabaccen ya kamata ya wuce kwanaki 10. Daga farkon zuwa rana ta uku, yawan zazzabi ya kamata a +40 ° C, kwana biyu masu zuwa - a + 60 ... +70 ° C, daga bakwai zuwa rana ta goma - + 20 ... +30 ° C.
Bayan yin gyaran takin, ya kamata a jarraba shi ta hanyar cike da tsutsotsi masu yawa akan farfajiya. Idan dabbobi sunyi zurfi a cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan, to, takin shirya takin shirya, idan sun kasance a kan fuskar, dole ne a canza maɓallin.
A ganiya acidity na takin ne 6.5-7.5 pH. Tare da karuwa a cikin acidity a sama da 9 pH, dabbobin zasu mutu cikin kwana bakwai.
Ƙara koyo game da wasu takin mai magani, irin su Kemira, Stimul, humates, Kristalon, Ammophos, potassium sulfate, Zircon.Sakamakon gwaji don acidity kuma zai iya zama hanyar gwaji. Koma mutane 50-100 a kowace rana. Idan bayan wannan lokaci duk mutane suna da rai, to, takin yana da kyau. Idan akwai mutuwar mutum 5-10, ya zama dole a rage yawan acidity ta hanyar ƙara inna ko lemun tsami, ko don rage alkalinity ta ƙara bambaro ko sawdust.
Mafi kyawun abun ciki mai laushi shine 75-90% (zai dogara ne akan irin tsutsotsi). A cikin zafi a kasa da 35% a cikin mako, dabbobin suna iya mutuwa.
Mafi yawan zafin jiki mai dacewa don aikin tsutsotsi shine + 20 ... +24 ° C, kuma a yanayin zafi a ƙasa -5 ° C da sama +36 ° C yiwuwar mutuwar su ta fi girma. 
Alamar alamar (saki) tsutsotsi a takin
Tsutsotsi a hankali an shimfiɗa shi a fadin murfin a cikin takin. Mutane 750-1500 zasu fada a kowace mita mita.
Yana da muhimmanci! Tun da tsutsotsi ba su yarda da haske mai haske ba, dole ne a rufe saman takin mai magani tare da wani abu mai duhu wanda zai ba da iska damar wucewa.Za'a yi amfani da dabbobi don yin makonni biyu zuwa uku.
Kula da sharuɗɗa don kiyaye tsutsotsi takin
Mafarin ruwa a cikin takin mai magani yana samo asali ne da yin gyaran ruwa. Har ila yau akwai tsutsotsi don ciyar da su.
Dole ne a yi gyaran sau biyu a mako ta amfani da takaddun gungumomi ko na musamman don vermicompost. Ana aiwatar da ita ga zurfin gurasar, amma ba tare da hadawa ba.
Ruwa kawai da dumi (+ 20 ... +24 ° C) kuma rabu da ruwa (akalla kwana uku). Ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi na ruwa yana iya kashe dabbobi. Ruwan ruwa ko narke ruwa yana da kyau don watering. Yana dace da ruwa tare da watering iya tare da kananan ramuka.
Bincika zafi na substrate, riƙe da ƙananan adadin shi a cikin yatsan hannu. Matsayi mai mahimmanci mai tsami shine wanda, lokacin da yake matsawa, yana yin lada, amma ba ruwa ba. 
Na farko ciyar da dabbobi ne da za'ayi kwana biyu ko uku bayan da sulhu. A nan gaba, suna buƙatar ciyar da su kowane biyu zuwa uku. An zuba kayan abinci mai kayan lambu a cikin ɗakunan kayan ado na 10-20 cm a kan dukkanin surface. Za a iya amfani da ɗakunan gurasa, gilashin dankalin turawa, peels, melons, peel banana, barkan albasa, da dai sauransu.
Binciken jerin kwayoyi da zasu taimaka maka don kulawa da gonar: "PhytoDoctor", "Nemabakt", "Thanos", "Strobe", "Bud", "Quadris", "Corado", "Hom", "Confidor" .A tsawon lokaci, za a rarraba madogarar a cikin akwatin a cikin layi uku. Tsutsotsi za su ci a cikin babba na babba na gurasar a zurfin mita 5-7 A cikin Layer na biyu - a zurfin 10-30 cm, mafi yawan dabbobi zasu rayu. Duk abin da yake, a ƙasa, a cikin na uku Layer, kuma shine biohumus.
Samfur (sashi) na tsutsotsi da biohumus
Biohumus zai kasance a shirye watanni hudu zuwa biyar bayan kaddamar da tsutsotsi. Lokacin da akwatin da tsutsotsi da biohumus sun cika, dabbobi da taki zasu buƙaci a cire su. 
Don raba tsutsotsi, ana yunwa su kwana uku zuwa hudu. Sa'an nan kuma, a kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin na substrate, an gina ɗakunan kayan abinci na 5-7 da aka shimfiɗa. Dabbobi za su tara a wannan shafin. Bayan 'yan kwanaki, kwasfa tsutsotsi na bukatar cirewa. Domin makonni uku, wannan tsari ana maimaita sau uku.
Biohumus wani taro ne mai duhu wanda aka tattara kuma ya bushe. Sa'an nan kuma sata tare da sieve da kuma kunshe don ajiya. Rayuwa ta rayuwarta shine watanni 24 idan an adana shi a zafin jiki na -20 zuwa + 30 ° C.
Shin kuna sani? A ƙasashe na Tarayyar Turai, a Amurka da Japan, kayan da suke girma a filayen da aka haƙa da biohumus suna da karfin gaske kuma suna da tsada fiye da waɗanda suke girma a ƙasa waɗanda aka ciyar da taki ko ma'adinai. Bai ƙunshi abubuwa masu cutarwa ga mutane ba, wanda ke nufin yana da darajar ƙimar jiki.Halittar kwayar halitta ta jiki tana kara karuwa a tsakanin masu aikin gona da kuma makircin makirci. Har ila yau, samar da shi shine kasuwancin da ke da alamar kasuwanci. Kuma ko da yake ba sauki da sauki don samar da wannan kwayoyin halitta, tsabtace muhalli, manyan, kayan lambu mai dadi da dadi sunyi amfani da kokarin. Tsarin tsutsotsi 1500-3000 zai isa ya samo taki taki, wanda ya isa ya ciyar da gonar lambu na uku zuwa hudu.
