Aucuba itace itace mai ado mai kyau da gushewa daga dangin Garieva. Tana zaune a China, Japan da tsaunukan Himalayan. Wannan kyakkyawar al'adar tana jan manyan ganye tare da watsar da rawaya launuka daban-daban. Godiya ga wannan ado na halitta, aucuba ana kiransa "itacen zinare". Matafiya sun kawo fure zuwa Turai a karni na 17. Tun daga wannan, ban da nau'ikan da yawa, nau'ikan kayan ado da yawa sun bayyana. An girma a cikin lambuna da gida, kuma ba shi da wahala a kula da dazuzukan da ba a saba ba.
Bayanin Shuka
Aucuba itaciya ce mai cike da yatsu ko itace. A cikin yanayin, matsakaicin matsakaicin shuka shine 4 m, amma a cikin gida yawanci baya wuce 180 cm. Lateral harbe suna kafa akan rassan kusan daga ƙasa. An rufe su da bakin duhu kore mai laushi tare da launin shuɗi ko launin ruwan kasa a ɓangaren ƙananan. Wuraren da ya fadi ganye ana kiyaye su a kan haushi.
Ganyayyun ganyen shayi masu launin kore ne mai duhu. Sau da yawa akan saman farantin takardar akwai tabe, ƙyalli ko kuma wasu launuka masu daidaita launuka. Tsawon ganye yana da kusan cm 13. Yana da gefuna da aka zana kuma an ɗan murɗa shi a tsakiyar jijiya.
Lokacin furanni yana farawa don aucuba a cikin Fabrairu-Afrilu, duk da haka, a gida, furanni suna da wuya sosai. An inflorescence a cikin hanyar buroshi ko panicle blooms a kan fi na harbe. Tedaramin Corollas ana fentin su a cikin sautunan launin shuɗi. Aucuba itace dioecious. Wato, akwai mutane daban-daban tare da launuka na maza da mata. Don pollination da fruiting, dole ne a sami ƙananan tsire-tsire guda 2.
Bayan pollination, m ja berries (drupes) ripen a kan fi na rassan. A karkashin m ɓangaren litattafan almara m ɓoye da guda iri. Ba za ku iya cin itacen berries na Aucuba ba, saboda suna da guba sosai.
Nau'in Aucuba
Halin halittar Aucuba yana da saukin kai, kawai ya yi rajista ne da ire-ire iri 10 kawai. Ga wasu daga cikinsu:
Aucuba ɗan Jafananci ne. Ana samun yawancin tsire-tsire a cikin al'ada. Suna da tsire-tsire masu ɗaukar hoto tare da lignified, mai tushe mai tushe. Ganyen Petiole akasin haka ne. Farantin karfe mai hade da farantin karfe mai kwalliya yana da fuska mai ma'ana kuma mai santsi ko tarnaƙi. Bayan pollination, saman kambi an yi wa ado da 'ya'yan itace orange mai haske. Yawancin suna da nau'ikan da yawa tare da launuka daban-daban na ganye. Iri:
- Variegata - manyan ganye masu haske mai duhu waɗanda aka rufe da ƙananan aibobi masu launin fari;
- Durar Zinare - fo fo fo jli lili foli li
- Dentata - a cikin monophonic ganye mai haske mai duhu akwai hakora masu shela tare da gefen;
- Hoto mai hoto - tsakiyar ganyen ganye yana zana launin rawaya, kuma launuka masu duhu duhu marasa launi suna bakin gefuna.
Aucuba Himalayan. Dogaye kuma kunkuntar mai haske mai haske tare da ɗigon launuka na ƙwayau masu ɗorewa akan harbe. Flow ya fara a watan Maris. Cystic inflorescences na burgundy hue Bloom a fi na harbe. Bayan pollination, ana maye gurbinsu da mulufi mai launin shuɗi tare da babban kashi.
Kiwo
Aucuba ana yaduwar shi da tsaba da kuma apical, ba a jera su ba. Don dasawa, kuna buƙatar amfani da sabo tsaba kawai. Suna soyayyen kwanaki 1-2 a cikin maganin potassiumgangan, sannan kuma an shuka shi cikin cakuda yashi-zurfin zuwa zurfin 0.5 cm. An rufe akwatunan tare da fim kuma an sanya su a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki na + 21 ... + 23 ° C. Dole ne a fitar da albarkatun gona na yau da kullun kuma a fesa daga bindiga da aka fesa. Harbe yana bayyana a hankali kuma ba a haɗa shi a cikin watanni 1-3 ba. Bayan wannan tsari za'a iya cire shi. Lokacin da 3 ganye na ainihi ya bayyana a kan tsire-tsire, an mai da su cikin tukwane daban tare da sako-sako, ƙasa mai daɗi. Ana sa ran hurawa baya farkon shekara ta huɗu bayan dasa shuki. Bugu da kari, wannan hanyar haihuwa ba ta tantance jima'i da shuka ba.
'Ya'yan Aucuba suna dasa itace a sauƙaƙe, saboda haka masu girbi fure sukan fi son girmar shukar shuka. Yanke apical harbe shawarar a watan Maris-Agusta. Kowane sandar yakamata ya sami ganye lafiya 2-3. Roocing ne da za'ayi a cikin yashi peat ƙasa ko musamman a cikin yashi. Kasar zazzabi ya kamata ya kasance cikin kewayon + 22 ... + 24 ° C. Yanke buƙatar buƙatar fesa kullun. Bayan tushen, ana dasa su a cikin karamar tukwane da ƙasa mai dausayi.
Kulawar Gida
Don ganyen Aucuba don kula da kyakkyawarsu kuma tsire-tsire akai-akai suna ƙaruwa da girman, dole ne a kiyaye dokokin kulawa da yawa.
Dasa dasawa da dasa tsiron tsire-tsire ana shirin ne farkon bazara. Kuna buƙatar ɗaukar tukunya mai matsakaici Ya kamata ya ɗan fi girma girma fiye da na baya, amma ba mai yawa ba. Ana zubar da pebbles, yumbu da aka shimfiɗa ko ginin jan bulo a ƙasa. Soilasa don wadatar ruwan Aucuba ta kasance mai yalwa da abinci mai gina jiki, kuma yana da acidity na tsaka tsaki. Abun da ya ƙunsa ya hada da turf da ƙasa mai ganye, humus ganye, yashi da peat. Ya kamata a aiwatar da jujjuyawar tare da taka tsantsan, kamar yadda tushen karya cikin sauƙi. Wannan na iya haifar da cutar shuka. Yayin aikin, ana bada shawara don bincika tushen tushe kuma cire wuraren lalatattu.
Dole ne a girma Aucuba a wuri mai cike da wuta. A shuka fi son mai haske diffused haske. Yana da muhimmanci musamman don nau'ikan iri dabam dabam. Hasken rana kai tsaye a cikin yanayin zafi ko a lokacin bazara ya saba. Zai iya haifar da ƙonewa.
Mafi kyawun zafin jiki na Aucuba shine + 20 ... + 25 ° C. A cikin kwanakin zafi, wani ɓangaren ganye zai iya ɓace. A lokacin rani, yana da amfani don ɗaukar bushes zuwa iska mai tsabta. An shaƙe su daga hasken rana kai tsaye kuma ana kiyaye su daga abubuwan da aka tsara. A cikin hunturu, ana bada shawara ga runtse zazzabi kaɗan, amma kar a rage shi ƙasa + 10 ... + 14 ° C.
Aucuba tana jin daɗin ɗakin ɗakin al'ada. Yana da amfani a fesa lokaci zuwa lokaci a yi wanka sau biyu a shekara. A cikin hunturu, lokacin da aka yi sanyi, wanka da spraying suna contraindicated.
Ruwa aucub akai-akai, amma a cikin ƙananan rabo. Tsakanin shayarwa, ƙasa ya kamata ya bushe cm 3-4. plantasa ta yi haƙuri da fari kaɗan fiye da ambaliyar ƙasa.
Daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, dole ne a ciyar da aucub sau biyu a wata. An bada shawara don canza abinci mai gina jiki da ma'adinai. Don taki amfani da takaddun musamman na tsire-tsire na kayan ado.
Saboda haka bushes na aucubs da kyau bayyanar, tsunkule fi na harbe daga farkon shekaru. Wannan yana ƙarfafa samuwar tsarin tafiyar matakai na gewaye. Kowace shekara, a farkon watan Maris, aucuba ke yanke kuma an kambi kambi.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
A cikin ɗakuna da ƙarancin zafin jiki da kuma zafi mai yawa, aucub na iya fama da cututtukan fungal. Zasu iya shafan tushen a lokacin yin ruwa da wuce gona da iri a cikin kasar. Idan ganyen Aucuba sun zama baki, wannan alama ce ta tushen kwari. Wajibi ne a datse duk wuraren da abin ya shafa na shuka, gudanar da aikin kashe-kashe da kuma canza kasar gona.
Mafi sau da yawa, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, kwari sikelin, thrips da mealybugs zauna a kan Aucuba. Ya kamata a wanke tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta a cikin shawa, tattara kwari da maganin kashe kwari.
Warkar da kaddarorin
Ruwan Aucuba ya ƙunshi mahaukacin sinadarai waɗanda ke da alaƙa da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙwayoyin cuta. Ana amfani da ganyen ganye ga raunuka da kumburi akan fatar. Ko da kasancewa kawai a cikin dakin, aucuba tana aiki. Yana tsaftace iska da kuma yakar yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta.
Koyaya, aucuba na iya zama haɗari. Lokacin aiki tare da shi, dole ne ku mai da hankali, saboda duk sassan tsire-tsire masu guba sosai. Bayan an taɓa hulɗa da fata, ku wanke hannuwanku sosai. Shuke-shuke suna kare yara da dabbobi domin kada su ci 'ya'yan itatuwa da ganyayyaki. Ko da ɗan cizo na iya haifar da mummunar guba abinci, haushi, da zubar jini.
