Itacen itace bishiyar biri, dodon biri da kanana araaria - yayi kyau sosai kuma baƙon abu. Wannan shi ne mafi tsufa wakilin conifers, wanda za'a iya samu a kan duwatsun Kudancin Amurka, a Australia ko a New Zealand. Itace na biri kuwa dangin Araukariyev ne. Manyan bishiyoyi sun fi yawaita a cikin yanayin halitta, amma ana amfani da samfuran ƙarami a al'ada. A cikin hoto, itacen biri yana kama da ƙaramin bishiyar Kirsimeti wanda za'a iya yin kwalliya don Sabuwar Shekara. Hakanan yana da kyau a cikin ɗaki duk tsawon shekara.
Bayanin Shuka
Itace mai biri a matsayin tsirrai na gida suna iya kaiwa tsayin 1.5 m, kodayake a yanayi akwai samfurori masu tsayi har zuwa m 50. Yana da tsarin tushen tushen haɓaka, mai zurfi. Haɓaka shekara-shekara a cikin mafi kyawun yanayi bai wuce 10-15 cm ba.
Matasa harbe, gami da kara, suna rufe da haushi kore haushi. Yayin da rassa suke tsufa, sai suyi laushi kuma su zama launin ruwan kasa. Tsarin Lateral suna zaune ne a sararin samaniya ko kuma suna da tsari mai ruɓewa. Rassan suna yin tiers daga tushe mai tushe. A hankali, shuka yana zubar da ƙananan harbe kuma an fallasa gangar jikin. Rassan kansu, an rufe su da gajeren allura mai wuya, suna da sifar sihiri kuma suna kama da wutsiyar dabba. Wannan kamancen ne musamman ma a cikin manya manyan tsire-tsire. Saboda haka, wani suna ga itacen shine biri ponytails.
A needles yayi kama da wuya sessile ganye. Rowan almara sauƙaƙe ko spikes masu tsayi ana fentin su a cikin haske mai launin kore tare da ƙyalli mai haske. A kusa da bincike, zaku lura cewa an shirya allura cikin karkace. Suna zaune da ƙarfi a kan rassan kuma suna fada tare da su kawai. A needles vaporize muhimmanci mai da maras tabbas. Suna inganta halayyar iska, kuma suna taimakawa yakar ƙwayoyin cuta.
Yawancin bishiyoyin biri suna dioecious. Furensu yana faruwa ne bayan cikakkiyar balaga, kimanin shekaru 40-50. A kan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan tsire-tsire, furanni elongated tare da anern da yawa. Tsawonsu zai kai 20-25 cm con Manyan tasoshin kwano masu rufi waɗanda aka rufe da fatar fatar jiki a kan bishiyun mata Girman diamita na cones yakai cm 35. Ba su da abin ci, kamar kwayayen itacen cinya.
Shahararren ra'ayoyi
Kimanin nau'ikan bishiyoyi 20 na birai ana samunsu a yanayi, amma guda ɗaya ne, ana amfani da yawancin samfuran m a cikin namo na cikin gida.
Araucaria ya bambanta. Itace wanda ba'a bayyana shi ba tare da tsayin cm 50-65 kawai. A kwance, dogayen rassa suna kan akwati na tsaye, kuma an rufe su da allura na Pine. Duk ciyayi mai haske kore. A kowane reshe akwai matakai da yawa da ke rage gazarorin matakai. A kan bishiya na ƙarami, ana yin harbe-harbe masu yawa tare da allura mai haske mai launin shuɗi. Tsawon su 1-2 cm, kuma girman su 1 mm. A tsawon shekaru, allurai sun zama kamar almara, yayi daidai da sikirin dake kusa da kwari. Tsawon flakes shine 8 mm tare da faɗin mm of 2-4 mm.
Itace 'yar asalin kasar Brazil (araucaria-mai bakin ciki). Wani tsayayyen shuka wanda shima za'a iya girma a gida. Tsawonta zai iya kai mita 3-4. Yana girma a kudanci Brazil. A saman dogo mai tsayi suna da rassa da yawa. A bayyanar, itaciya tayi kama da dabino. An tattara duka kambi a saman a siffar laima. Lanceolate duhu kore Sikeli ƙare tare da kaifi karu. Tsawon allura shine 3-6 cm, tare da fadin 5 mm. A rassan m na needles is located mafi yawa thicker. Dioecious bishiyoyi, cones na fata a cikin diamita sun kai 20 cm.
Araucaria na kasar Chile. Dankin yana da tsayi (har zuwa 60 m), itace madaidaiciya. Wannan itacen biri mai tsayi an daidaita shi da yanayin sanyi kuma zai iya jure hunturu zuwa -20 ° C. Haushi ko da maɗaukacin tsire ana jefa shi a kore. A saman tushe yana rufe da yawancin raunuka da suka rage daga rassan da suka fadi. Sikeli na wucin gadi a cikin siffar murfin murfin katako mai tsawon 3-4 cm tsayi kuma tsawon cm 1 cm aka rarraba a karkace. Kowane ganye zai iya kasancewa a kan reshe har zuwa shekaru 15.
Hunstein Birai Itace a yau ana ƙara samunsa ta al'ada. Wadannan kananan bishiyar Kirsimeti da aka girka sun shahara sosai. Wurin haifuwar wannan nau'in shi ne New Guinea, inda zai iya yin girma har zuwa 90 m. A saman mashin ma an cika shi da rassan rassan. Sikeli na wucin gadi ko ƙananan allura suna da tsawon 6-12 cm kuma faɗin faɗin faɗin 1.5-2 cm.Wasu suna da fa'ida da fa'ida. Monoecious tsire-tsire suna ɗaukar furanni na namiji akan rassan bakin ciki, kuma m cones har zuwa 25 cm a diamita suna kan rassan ƙuraje masu kauri.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Yaduwa da biri biri ne yake aikata ta shuka iri ko dasa itace. Tsaba ya kamata a shuka a farkon watanni 2 bayan tarin ko za su rasa germination. Shuka ake yi a cikin karamin tukwane na tsaba 1-2 a cikin kowane ɗaya. Yi amfani da tudu na yashi ko yashi da hatsi tare da ƙari gawayi. An dasa zurfin sunflower a cikin ƙasa mai laushi ta 2-3 cm .. Ana sa tukunya a zazzabi kimanin +20 ° C kuma an yayyafa ƙasa lokaci-lokaci. Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 2-8. Isauren yana girma ba tare da ɗiba da dasawa ba a cikin tukunya guda ɗaya har sai rhizome ya cika dukkan sararin samaniya.
Don yanke a cikin Maris ko Afrilu, apical, Semi-lignified harbe an yanke. Ana samar da guntun din kadan a kasa mai kyau. An cire resin da aka saki daga cikin haushi, kuma an sare shi cikin m gawayi. Bayan jiyya na tushe, ana dasa tushe a cikin karamin tukunya da yashi da ƙasan peat. An rufe ciyawar da murfin gaskiya kuma ana kiyaye shi da zazzabi +25 ° C. Tsarin tushen yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni biyu.
Dokokin Canje-canje
Mafi yawan lokuta ba a bada shawarar dasawa ba. Har sai Tushen ya cika dukkan sararin samaniya a cikin tukunyar, itaciyar zata bunkasa daidai ba tare da tsangwama ba. Kafin sake kirkiro bishiyar biri, ya zama dole ya bushe ƙasa kadan. An shirya hanya don farkon bazara. Ya kamata a shirya tukunya mai fadi tare da ramuka a cikin ƙasa. Da farko zuba shards ko kwakwalwan bulo.
Shuka ƙasa ya haɗa da waɗannan abubuwan:
- yashi;
- ƙasar turf
- peat;
- takardar ƙasa;
- gawayi.
Yana da mahimmanci a yi hankali sosai da rhizome kuma a yi amfani da hanyar earthen coma. Rike tsohon ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu.
Siffofin Girma
Kulawa da bishiyar biri a gida bai da rikitarwa, yana nufin tsirrai marasa misaltawa. Ya kamata ka zabi wurin mai haske wanda rana ke haskawa. Adireshi tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba a so. A lokacin rani, ana bada shawara a ɗauki tukwane a waje, a wuri mai kariya daga iska da ruwan sama. Domin kambi ya haɓaka a hankali, kuna buƙatar kunna itacen 90 ° kowace rana. Itace biri biri baya son zafi. Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine +20 ° C. A cikin hunturu, ya kamata ku manne da zazzabi na + 10 ... +15 ° C.
Araucaria ya kamata a shayar da yalwa kuma sau da yawa a cikin shekara. Inasa a cikin kowane hali kada ta bushe ƙasa gaba ɗaya, amma dole ne a kawar da ruwa mai yawa nan da nan. Yayi girman zafi mai zurfi da itacen biri baya buƙatar, amma ana karɓar fesawa lokaci-lokaci.
A cikin bazara da lokacin rani, za a iya amfani da maganin mai rauni sosai na takin gargajiya ko na ma'adinai kowane wata. Yana da mahimmanci a kiyaye ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin jikinsu aƙalla.
Itace mai biri shine tsayayya da cututtuka da kuma gurɓatattun abubuwa. Wani lokacin aphids, mealybugs ko takamaiman cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna bayyana a kai. Magungunan ƙwayar cuta, misali, Aktara, zasu taimaka magance su.
