Catalpa itaciya itace kyakkyawa mai ban sha'awa. Manyan furanni masu haske mai haske, masu kama da zukata, suna haifar da dome mai yawa. Halin halittar tsirrai mallakar dangin Bignonium ne. A yanayi, yana girma a sararin Arewacin Amurka, China da Japan. A lokacin rani, kambi mai ban sha'awa yana cika ta hanyar haske mai haske mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙanshin mai daɗi. Catalps sun girma a cikin wuraren shakatawa na shekaru da yawa, kuma wani lokacin a cikin shirye-shiryen sirri a matsayin kayan adon birni. A ƙarƙashin ɗanɗano mai girma yana da sauƙi don shakatawa da ɓata lokaci don tserewa daga zafin rana. Saboda abubuwan fasalin, ana kiran catalpa wasu lokutan "kunnuwa giwaye" ko "bishiyar taliya."
Bayanin Shuka
Catalpa itace ingattacciya kuma wani lokacin itace mai tsafi. A al'adance, tsayinsa ya kai 5-6 m, kodayake a cikin yanayin tsoffin bishiyoyi sun girma har zuwa 35. Itace ya hau kan katako mai karfi kuma ana rarrabe shi da babban kambi mai kauri ko kambi mai nauyi. Dambe mai duhu mai duhu yana ƙunshe da yadudduka na bakin ciki.
Catalpa foliage yana da matukar ado. Babban faranti, fararen ganye har zuwa 25 cm tsayi ana fentin launin kore mai haske. Mafi yawanci ana samun su shine ganye mai kamannin zuciya ko manyan-kwai. A duk tsawon lokacin, ciyawar tana riƙe da koren launi mai kyau kuma tana faɗuwa a cikin bazara ba tare da rawaya ba.
Lokacin da shekaru 5-10 suka wuce, bishiyoyi suka fara yin fure. Lokacin fure yana cikin watan Yuni. A ƙarshen jerin hanyoyin a kaikaice, ɗimbin panlolowered paniculate inflorescences tare da fararen furanni ko tubular fure. An yanke corollas mai leɓu biyu tare tare da gefen cikin raunanan laushi mai laushi daban-daban. A cikin tsari, furannin catalpa suna da kama da kanwa, amma ya fi girma. Kusa da tsakiyar cibiyar akwai launuka masu launin shuɗi ko shunayya da rawaya mai rawaya.
Bayan pollination, dogon bakin ciki pans tare da madauwari giciye sashi ripen. Girman su ya kai 40 cm tare da kauri wanda ba ya wuce cm 1. 'Ya'yan itãcen sun rataye a ƙafafu masu laushi, kamar icicles. A ƙarshen kaka, sun yi duhu, amma suna rataye har sai lokacin bazara. A cikin kwasfanan suna kusa, wake-kamar tsaba.
Jinsuna da nau'ikan ado
Halin catalpa yana wakilta nau'ikan tsire-tsire goma sha ɗaya, waɗanda 4 ke horar da su a Rasha.
Catalpa bignoniform. Itace mai yaduwa game da 10 m high tsiro mazurari-dimbin yawa rassan. Harbi ya samar da kambi na asymmetric. Tsawon ganye mai kama da zuciya-yakai kusan 20 cm, ana fenti su da launin shuɗi, amma sannu-sannu suna zama kore mai haske. A watan Yuni, inflorescences sun yi fure tare da farin ko launin shuɗi, furanni da aka rufe rasberi. Tsawon Corolla ya kai cm 30. A watan Agusta, 'ya'yan itaciya a cikin kwalin podan fulawa har zuwa 40 cm tsayi suna bayyana, wanda tuni a cikin Satumba ya zama launin ruwan kasa. Iri:
- Aurea - ganyen zinare masu launin zuciya suna da farar fata;
- Nana - itacen da bai wuce 4-6 m ba ga tsayi an bambanta shi da wata madaidaiciya, kambi mai sihiri, duk da haka, ba ta da furanni.
- Kene babban ganye ne, mai launin zuciya tare da adon launin shuɗi da fitilar kore mai haske.
Catalpa yana da kwazazzabo. Itace tare da rawanin dala mai yalwataccen girma ya girma har zuwa 30. An rufe shi da ganye mai haske-kwai mai haske. Tsawon farantin ganye ya kai cm 30 kuma faɗin cm cm 15. A farkon lokacin bazara, furanni masu kamshi masu ɗimbin furanni sun yi kusan tsawon 7 cm.
Catalpa mai sihiri. Gangar jikin wannan nau'in an rufe shi da busasshen farantin mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin shuɗi. A samansa yana tashi kambi a kamannin ɗambin koren ƙwallon ƙafa. Fuskokin manyan koren ganye masu duhu suna da laushi, kuma a bayan sa akwai ɗan gajeren farin tari. A watan Yuni, fararen furanni masu fure 5 cm tsayi.
Catalpa yana da kyau. Wannan nau'in ya fi dacewa da tsananin sanyi. Itace itace mai ado wacce take girma har zuwa 35. Babban kwandon shara mai karfi yana rufe da lamellar haushi, kuma manyan ganye masu duhu duhu sun kai tsawon cm 30 Kowane ganye yana haɗe zuwa reshe tare da dogayen doguwar reshe. Fulawa ya fara tun yana dan shekara goma. Itacen yana fure furanni a farkon lokacin bazara mai haske tubular furanni. Wata daya daga baya, an yi wa ado da adin dogayen tsayi.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Catalpa yana yaduwa ta iri da kuma hanyoyin tsirrai. Duk wata hanya tana ba da sakamako mai kyau, don haka masu lambu ke zaɓin abubuwan su gwargwadon ikon kansu da abubuwan da suke so. An yanke 'ya'yan itacen Rian itacen, a fitar da su, a cikin jakar takarda har zuwa shekaru uku. A lokacin da kiwon waddan catalpa tsaba shirya kwantena tare da sako-sako da gonar ƙasa. A ƙarshen lokacin hunturu, ana saɗa tsaba a cikin dare a tsabtaccen ruwa mai ɗumi. Bayan haka, an binne su a cikin ƙasa ta 5 mm mm. An rufe kwandon da murfi mai ɗorewa kuma an canja shi zuwa ɗakin da ke cike da wuta mai nauyin + 15 ... + 25 ° C. Fita da ruwa a kai a kai.
Harbe ba ya bayyana sosai aboki bayan makonni 3-4. Bayan haka, an cire murfin. Lingsa Seedan da ke ci gaba da ɗumi dumi. A cikin bazara, bayan mako guda na hardening, sa'o'i da yawa a rana, ana dasa tsire-tsire zuwa cikin bude ƙasa.
A watan Yuli-Agusta, an yanke itace kusan 10 cm daga harbe matasa .. Ana kula da yanki tare da Kornevin kuma an dasa shi a tsaye a cikin kwantena tare da yashi da ƙasa na peat. Ana kiyaye su a kan titi, a cikin wani wuri mai kariya daga zane da hazo. Makonni 2-3 na farko ya rufe cutukan tare da kwalaben filastik. A cikin wata guda, yankan zasuyi tushe, amma don wintering har yanzu basu da rauni. An bar su a cikin daki inda babu mummunan yanayi. A cikin kaka, tsire-tsire za su sauke ganye, wannan al'ada ce. A lokacin bazara, sababbin ganye zasu bayyana. A tsakiyar bazara, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa buɗe.
Saukowa da kulawa
Don ƙwayar catalpa, yankunan da ke da kyakkyawan haske da kariya daga zayyanawa sun dace. Itace kuma iya girma a cikin inuwa m. Ana dasa tsire-tsire daban-daban ko a cikin rukuni a cikin tsari. Don kowane seedling, tono rami zuwa zurfin tsarin tushen (70-120 cm). A kasan, zuba 15-20 cm daga cikin magudanar ruwa. Ana shuka daskararren Catalpa wanda ya sa dunƙun dunƙule ya zama sama da ƙasa. Kamar yadda aka haɗa ƙasa, shuka zai zauna kuma tushen abin wuya zai kasance a matakin ƙasa. Nisa tsakanin itatuwa dole ne ya zama akalla 3 m.
Catalpa fi son ƙasa mai amfani da ƙasa mai kyau tare da kyakkyawan numfashi. Sun tono ƙasa mai nauyi, ƙasa mara kyau kafin dasa shuki da tsakuwa da takin. Yana da mahimmanci a guji wurare tare da kusancin abin da ke cikin ruwa. Acidity na ƙasa dole ne ya kasance tsaka tsaki ko ɗan ɗan acidic. Dasa kuma dasa karamin catalpa ana yinsa ne a farkon rabin bazara. Kafin hanya, ana shayar da tsire-tsire sosai, kuma nan da nan bayan dasa, da'irar kara ke mulched tare da peat.
Idan an zaɓi wurin daidai kuma an cika yanayin saukowa, ba wuya a kula da catalpa. Yana buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai. A cikin rashin ruwan sama na halitta, har zuwa buhu biyu na ruwa ana zuba su a ƙarƙashin tushen mako-mako. Kimanin sau ɗaya a wata, ana kwance ƙasa kuma an cire ciyayi.
A farkon lokacin bazara, har sau 1-2 a lokacin bazara, ana hadi bishiyoyi tare da maganin magudin tumatir, takin da superphosphate. Manyan miya suna daɗaɗa kuma an zaɓe su daidai da abun da ke cikin ƙasa.
Itace tsofaffi yawanci hunturu a cikin yanayi mai zafi, amma matasa seedlings zasu buƙaci ƙarin tsari. An rufe kambi da burlap, kuma gangar jikin da ƙasa a Tushen an rufe su da ganye da rassa rassan. A cikin bazara, an cire tsari. Idan an samo rassa mai sanyi, ana yin girki. Kafin farkon kakar girma zaka iya shiga cikin samuwar kambi. Kada ku rage rassan da yawa kuma ku taushi. Idan ganyen basu da isasshen haske da sarari kyauta, zasu fara bushewa ko ci gaba da muni. A sakamakon haka, catalpa zata rasa tasirin kayan ado.
Dankin yana da ingantacciyar rigakafi ga cutar kuma yana da tsayayya wa hare-haren m. Saboda kada naman gwari ya yi girma a kan bishiyar, ya zama dole a sa ido kan tsarin shayarwa kuma a guji sharar ruwa. Wani lokacin an yanke ciyawar ash akan shuka. Yana cin ramuka a cikin ciyawar kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga lalata ƙazanta. Abubuwan da ake kashe kwari suna taimaka wa m.
Catalpa a cikin lambu
Bayyananniyar waje da manyan ganyen catalpa, kuma a ƙarshen bazara - 'ya'yan itace kore masu tsawo - suna jan hankalin mai yawa. Ra'ayoyin gidaje da masu wucewa sau-da-kullun za su kasance kan gadonta mai haske mai haske. Ana amfani da manyan bishiyoyi a cikin tsakiyar wurare daban-daban, kuma nau'ikan ƙananan haɓaka suna da kyau a cikin rukunin rukuni zuwa hanyoyin firam ko kuma shinge. Tushen Catalpa yana ƙarfafa gangara, don haka ana yawan amfani da tsire-tsire don shimfidar wurare masu tsaunuka na tafkuna da ƙananan ƙananan ruwa.
A lokacin furanni, catalpa kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma, ganyayyakinsa suna ɓoye abubuwa na musamman waɗanda ke hana sauro. Saboda haka, shakatawa a ƙarƙashin itace da yamma zai fi jin daɗi.
