An bambanta iri na shanu da kiwo da wuraren kiwo a cikin karfin su. Yawancin lokaci an raba su zuwa nau'i biyu: nama da kiwo da madara da kuma naman da ya danganci abin da halayen halayya suke da yawa. Lokacin zabar wani irin nau'i, wajibi ne a la'akari da dalilin da aka tara dabba, da alamomi masu albarka, da kuma yanayin tsare da abinci. Akwai nau'o'in nama da kiwo da yawa tare da bambance-bambance masu ban mamaki, wanda zaku koya game da ƙarin bayani a ƙasa.
Ƙananan bambance-bambance na nau'o'in shanu da aka haɗu
A nan ne ainihin siffofin da waɗannan nau'o'in sun mallaki:
- dukkanin duniya shine babban siffar irin wadannan dabbobi. Dukkanin nama da halayen kiwo suna ci gaba a cikinsu. Wato, ana iya kiyaye su don manufar samun madara, da kuma yanka da kuma samun nama;
- shanu da aka haɗu da sunaye sun fi sauƙi a kiyayewa, saboda basu da yawa a cikin abinci. Dabbobi guda ɗaya suna buƙatar zaɓi na musamman na cin abinci;
- suna samun nauyi da taro a cikin sauri;
- mutane da sauri sukan dace da sababbin yanayi kuma su dace da kiwo a yanayi mai sanyi;
- za a iya aiwatar da mating tare da irin nau'o'in da aka haɗu da su, da kuma unitary.
Mafi kyau nama da kiwo
Irin waɗannan zaɓaɓɓun zaɓuɓɓuka sun zama masu shahara. Sun fi sauƙi don kulawa, sauƙin sauƙi da kuma dace da duk abubuwan da ke ciki. Yawan shahararrun sha'anin wannan jagoran da kuma alamomi masu amfani zasu tattauna gaba.
Shin kuna sani? Cows sun hada da haifar da sakamako na greenhouse a duniya. Suna cutar da muhalli har ma fiye da dukkanin motocin da suka haɗu - maniyarsu da gas sun sanya fiye da kashi 18 cikin 100 na duk gudunmawar da ake samu a tasirin greenhouse.
Alatau
An samo nau'in a cikin karni na 50 na karni na karshe daga masanan kimiyyar Soviet. Kasashen gida sun zama Kazakhstan, kuma tun lokacin da yanayi ya fi ƙarfin hali, shanu sun bambanta ta hanyar kulawa da rashin kulawarsu da kyakkyawan daidaitawa. 
Dabbobi suna da ƙananan kafafu, amma suna da karfi da karfi, wannan ƙananan wuyansa da kirji. Mutumin yana girma zuwa 130-150 centimeters tsayi. Girman girma yana da sauri, kamar nauyin kaya, kuma ba kome ba ne yadda mutum yake ciyarwa. Yanayin ban sha'awa na irin - sagging ass. Ana rarraba shanu da wata kundin tsarin mulki mai karfi da kuma bayyana siffofin nama.
Sakamakon samfurin iri iri:
- riba ba da daɗewa ba: bijimai suna girma da sauri, a cikin watanni 6 zasu iya samun kimanin kilo 500, sa'an nan kuma - har zuwa 1 ton a girma (bayan shekara daya). Chicks na samun kimanin kilo 600 a cikin shekara guda na rayuwa;
- samar da nama a cikin irin - 60%. Abincin naman abun ciki ne mai yawa;
- madara - dadi kuma ba sosai mai. Mai nuna nau'in abun ciki na samfur ya bambanta da 3.9-4.0%. Ɗaya daga cikin saniya ba har zuwa lita dubu 4 na madara a kowace shekara;
Shawara karantawa: Abin da yafi ban sha'awa game da shanu.
Bestuzhevskaya
An karbi shi a Rasha, a cikin karni na XVIII-XIX a cikin yankunan Ulyanovsk na zamani. Zabin da kansa ba shine kawai Rasha ba, a cikin halittarsa aka yi amfani da kwayoyin jinsunan Turai (Yaren mutanen Holland, Shorthorn), wanda aka kara wa wasu ƙananan yankuna, sun sami irin wannan sakamako mai kyau. Sunan da aka karɓa daga mai suna Bestuzhev, wanda ke da kwarewa a kiwo. 
Tsawancin mutane shine matsakaici, kimanin 120-130 centimeters a withers. Kundin tsarin mulki yana da matsakaici, dabbobi suna da karfi, tare da tsarin ci gaba da ƙwarewa. An bambanta su da launin launi, kamar a cikin Gorbatov, amma tare da haske mai haske, wasu lokuta mutane suna da launi mai duhu. Sakamakon bambanci shine tsarin rigakafi - yana da tsayayya ga cututtuka masu yawa, ciki har da cutar sankarar jini da tarin fuka. Mafi yawan nau'i na tattalin arziki, yayin da yake kwantar da hankulan nau'in abinci. 
Bestuzhevki don Allah irin wannan alamun:
- samun nauyi Nan da nan, alamun ma'aunin nauyi suna da yawa: zaki na iya auna har zuwa 1 ton, shanu - daga 400 zuwa 700 kilo;
- nama yawan amfanin ƙasa - sama da matsakaici, akalla 55%;
- masu nuna madara tsayi sosai. Za su iya yin gwagwarmaya tare da tsaran kiwo mai tsabta, tun a cikin shekara daya saniya ya samar da lita dubu 5 (kuma akalla lita dubu 3). Yana da dandano mai dadi sosai, abun ciki mai yawa ya wuce matsakaita - 3.8-4.0%, kuma game da ciyar da sabon ciyawa mai ciyawa zai iya isa 5.5%.
Ƙara koyo game da Dabbobin Bestuzhevskaya na shanu.
Brown Carpathian
An bred a cikin Carpathians a tsakiyar karni na XX. Ya samo asali ne daga ƙwayoyin gida, wanda ake kira makonec ko ryzhek, waɗanda suka haye tare da Schwyz, Algauz da mutanen Switzerland.
Kundin tsarin mulki yana da ƙarfi, kwarangwal yana da haske kuma haske, ƙaho mai ƙaho yana da ƙarfi, kamar yadda shanu ya dace da yanayin yanayin dutse. Jiki yana da gajeren lokaci, amma kirji yana da faɗi. Girman dabbobi yana bambanta a kan hawan 120-130 centimeters, kwalliya yawanci haske ne tare da adon da launin ruwan kasa da ginger. 
Babban halayen haɓaka:
- riba ya wuce da sauri - ta hanyar shekara daya da bijimai sami kimanin kilo 350. Matsakaicin nauyin mutum yana da nauyin kilo 450-500. Ƙararrun matasan za su iya auna har zuwa kilo 700;
- samar da nama - kyau, dan kadan sama da matsakaici. Yawancin lokaci daga mutum daya zaka iya zuwa 55-58% nama mai tsabta;
- samar da madara ya sa lita dubu 3-4 na madara a shekara. Matsakaicin yawan abun ciki shine 3.5-4.5%, samfurin yana da dandano mai kyau da ƙanshi mai kyau.
Bincika matakai don zabar maraƙi mara kyau.
Yorkshire
The Yorkshire an bred a tsakiyar karni na XVIII a cikin ƙasar Yorkshire County, daga cikinsu suka sami sunansu. A cikin karni na XIX, ya yada a ko'ina cikin Turai saboda yawan aikinsa. 
Shanu sun bambanta a launin ja-motley, shades na iya zama daban-daban a cikin tsanani. Kundin tsarin mulki yana da ƙarfi, dukkan bangarori na jiki suna bunkasa. Tsawancin mutum a bushe shine kimanin centimita 130. Yawancin lokaci, shanu suna da kyau sosai, amma a gaskiya dabbobi suna da tausayi da kwanciyar hankali.
Wadannan shanu:
- riba da sauri, da yawa fiye da sauran sauran dabbobin shanu. Nauyin nauyin saniya ya bambanta kimanin kilo 500, nauyin bijimai mai kimanin kilo 800 ne;
- samar da nama - matsakaicin, game da 45-50%;
- masu nuna madara - yawanci, yawan amfanin ƙasa na madara zai iya zama lita 4.5-5 lita na madara a kowace shekara. Fat abun ciki daga 4.4% zuwa 4.6%.
Yana da muhimmanci! Wani bambanci na kabilar Yorkshire yana da matukar girma. Kwayoyi suna ci gaba a irin wannan nauyin cewa an riga ya yiwu a yi kwaskwarima a cikin watanni 14 don samun zuriya. A irin ne da kyau dace don kiwo ba kawai tare da manufar samun nama ko madara, amma kuma don kara yawan garken shanu.
Caucasian Brown
An cire shi daga masana kimiyyar Soviet a cikin 50s na karni na karshe. Ya bayyana a ƙasar dukan Caucasus, tun lokacin da aka watsar da cibiyoyin farfadowa, domin har yanzu ana samun rikice-rikice game da asalin ƙasar, wasu sunyi la'akari da Armenia, wasu - Azerbaijan ko Dagestan. An shayar da shi daga ƙwayoyin Caucasian da aka haɗu da Schowsz, Kostroma da shanu na Lebedin. 
Jinsin wadannan shanu suna da tsayi, kafafu suna da ƙarfi, amma takaice, tsarin mulki yana da tsayi da karfi. Dabba yana da karfi kuma yana da tsayi, yana da lokacin farin ciki da gashi, sabili da haka ya jure yanayin sauyin yanayi da zafin jiki ya saukad da. Launi yana kusa da launin ruwan kasa a cikin tabarau daban-daban. Tsakanin ƙananan - mai zurfi, kimanin centimetin 120 a bushe, yana da wuya lokacin da ya wuce 130 centimeters.
Yana da muhimmanci! Maciyan Caucasian sune shugabanni na haihuwar tagwaye. Girgirar fasalin - Ana haifa ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙanƙara (kawai nau'in kilo 25-30), amma shanu suna haifuwa da yawa fiye da sauran zabuka. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin irin wannan nau'in, ana haifa ma'aurata, har ma da sau uku, wannan ana la'akari da al'ada.
Sakamakon samfurin Caucasians:
- riba wucewa da sauri. Shanu suna kimanin kilo 600, bijimai - 850-900 kilo;
- samar da nama - 50-55%, ba more;
- masu nuna madara - musamman da kuma mawuyacin hali. Gaba ɗaya, baza'a iya samun madara mai yawa ba - wata saniya ba ta ba da lita dubu 3.5 na madara ba tare da wani abu maras nauyi na 3.5%, wanda ya kasance kadan. Amma dangane da aikinsa, shi ne mafi mahimmanci - dandano yana da girma kuma ana amfani dasu sau da yawa don yin kayan dadi, dadi, tsada.
Kostroma
Nau'in yana da tarihin kiwo mai ban sha'awa - an halicce shi a yanayin yaki musamman don samar da samfurori masu kyau. An rubuta shi a shekarar 1945 a Rasha kuma an dauke shi daya daga cikin mafi kyau nama da kiwo. 
Wadannan dabbobi suna da tsawon lokaci da karfi, masu daraja, ginawa da matsakaici. Jiki yana da kyau ci gaba, amma kafafu suna takaice. Tsayayya da cututtuka masu yawa, musamman cutar sankarar bargo. Launi zai iya zama ja ko launin toka, tare da duk bambancin da tabarau.
Babban alamomi na irin:
- karfin riba - da sauri, azumi suna samun kilo 900, calves - kimanin kilo 550-700. Ana ba da ƙwayoyin marayu ne, kimanin kimanin kilo 40;
- samar da nama - 65%, saboda irin zai iya gasa tare da sauran akan wannan abu;
- masu nuna madara matsayi mai mahimmanci - sun kasance daidai da lita dubu 4-7 na madara a kowace shekara (mai ciki - 3.9%). Yana da babban abun ciki na lactose, kimanin kashi 5%, saboda samfurin yana da muhimmanci daga sauran.
Shin kuna sani? Shanu ne kyawawan abubuwan kirki. Masana ilimin kimiyya sunyi imani cewa zasu iya yin murmushi da daban-daban. Yanzu akwai kimanin iri guda goma sha ɗaya wanda dabba zai iya sadarwa.
Krasnaya Gorbatovskaya
An bred a Rasha a cikin karni na karshe. Samun zaɓi ta hanyar tsallaka shanu da na Turawa.
Nau'in kanta yana da ƙananan, yawancin mutum yana da tsawo fiye da 120 centimeters. A hankali, dabba yana kallon elongated, wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa baya baya da faɗi, kuma kirji yana da girman kawai 35-40 centimeters. Koma baya sau da yawa yana sagging, mai nono ne ƙananan kuma ya ci gaba. Launi, kamar yadda sunan yana nuna, shi ne mafi yawa ja, mai haske da kuma cikakke, wani lokacin akwai farin blotches. Mafi sau da yawa, shanu suna haske a launi fiye da sa. Suna da kariya mai kyau kuma suna da darajarsu don tsananin ƙarfin zuciya ga cututtukan cututtuka da dama, ciki har da cututtuka, musamman cutar sankarar bargo, brucellosis da tarin fuka. 
Alamomin da suka fi muhimmanci:
- karfin riba - matsakaici, kamar yadda ci gaban shanu ya karami. Shanu suna kimanin kilo 600, bijimai - 900. An haifi ƙuda da ƙananan, kawai nauyin kilo 25-28 ne;
- nama yawan amfanin ƙasa - matsakaicin, 55%;
- masu nuna madara - ƙananan, kimanin lita 3,000 a kowace shekara, amma yana da babban nauyin abun ciki - daga 4.2%. Wani lokaci akwai madara da 6% mai.
Read more game da Krasnogorbatovskaya irin na shanu.
Red Danish
Red Danish an samu ne a tsakiyar karni na XIX daga kabilar Anglers. A cikin kiwo, wakilan kudan zuma na ketare sun ketare tare da nauyin da aka ambata, sau da yawa purebred 'yan Danish sun shiga cikin maganin kwari, suna ba da dama ga Danish mai yawa, irin su gina jiki da ƙarfin jiki. 
Tsawan dabba a cikin ƙuƙasasshe ya bambanta a tsakanin alamar 130 centimeters. Tsarin tsarin wakilai na shanu Danish suna da karfi, jiki yana da tsawo kuma yana da faɗi, sashin baya yana da yawa, sternum yana da girma. Ƙafãfun kafa na matsakaici ne, kamar wuyansa, kwarangwal din gaba ɗaya mai karfi ne, an kafa ƙahonin fadi. Da kyau ci gaba da nono - tasa siffar. Babban launi na shanu suna jan, akwai duhu inuwa. A cikin shanu, nono ko ƙananan ƙwayar wani lokaci yana rufe wani adadi mai launin fari na matsakaicin matsakaici. 
Dabbobi Danish suna da:
- riba ya faru da sauri, kamar sauran nama da kiwo. Nauyin shanun sukan sauyawa, bisa ga tsarin irin, zai iya zama daga 550 zuwa 800 kilogram. Bulls suna samun fiye da 1 ton. Kwayoyi suna kimanin kimanin 35 kg lokacin da aka haife su;
- samar da nama a kisan - matsakaici, daidai 50%;
- masu nuna madara a matsakaita, daidai da lita dubu 9 na madara a kowace shekara, wanda yake da yawa. A karkashin sharuɗɗa mai kyau da kuma cike da abinci, duk da haka za'a iya samun alamun mai girma - daga lita 11 zuwa 18,000 kowace shekara. Maɗar mai madara yana da tsayi, 4.2 (adadin furotin yana da kashi 3.5%).
Yana da sha'awa a karanta game da irin nauyin shanu.
Lebedinskaya
An bayyana a kan yankin Ukraine a cikin karni na karshe, yankin Sumy, ƙauyen Lebedin an dauki wurin haihuwa. Ƙananan shanu na Ukrainian da kuma shanu na Alkur'ani sun shiga cikin kiwo.
Launi na dabbobi shine yawan haske, launin ruwan kasa da launin ja, rinjaye sukan haɗa su, wani lokacin akwai mutane da launin toka. Gaban jiki yana da yawa duhu, kuma a kusa da hanci akwai ƙwayar launin toka. Kwaran yana da yawa a kowa tare da mutanen Schwyz, amma ya fi karfi kuma dan kadan ya fi girma. Jiki yana da tsawo, baya baya ne, babban kirji yana da zurfi, kafafu suna da matsakaicin matsakaici da kuma karfi. Fata, kodayake lokacin farin ciki, tare da gashi gashi, yana da roba. Shugaban yana takaice, ɗan yana da haske da kuma ci gaba. Hawan da aka yi da bushewa yana daga 130 zuwa 140 centimeters. 
Sakamakon samuwa na wannan irin:
- riba Yana wucewa da sauri a shanu, yawanci yana kimanin kilo 500-550. Bulls suna samun 850-950 kg;
- nama yawan amfanin ƙasa - Mafi girma, zaka iya samun daga nama zuwa 55 zuwa 63% mai tsabta. Abin godiya ga dandano da juiciness;
- masu nuna madara - high, daga 3.2 zuwa 5 lita dubu a kowace shekara (mai ciki na 3.6-3.9%). Tare da abinci mai kyau, za ku iya cimma alamomi na lita dubu 12.5 tare da mai da ke ciki fiye da 4%.
Shin kuna sani? Kafin, saniya ta kasance waje. Kafin zuwan kudi kamar haka, ana amfani da waɗannan dabbobi a rayuwar yau da kullum. An kirkiro lissafin a cikin shanu, kuma darajar kayan dabi'un sun auna su.
Daidai
An kafa nau'in a Switzerland, a kwarin kogin Sima. Ya zama shahararrun a farkon karni na XIX, lokacin da ya yada a ko'ina cikin duniya da yankin ƙasar Rasha. Yanzu akwai nau'o'in nau'in iri iri iri, wadanda suke da nauyin rarrabawa: steppe, Volga, Far Eastern, arewa da sauransu. 
Dabbobi da kansu suna da karfi da iko, da sternum babba ne, kuma baya baya. Ƙafãfuwan suna matsakaici ne a cikin girman, wuyansa gajere ne, an kafa ƙahoni gaba ɗaya. Girma a cikin bushewa yana da centimita 140, a cikin balaga, wannan adadi zai iya girma. Launi - kullin motsa jiki, sau da yawa tare da inuwa mai ja ko ja. Sau da yawa, wakilan zabin suna da farin kai, kuma launi a kafafu da kuma kasan jiki shine farar fata. 
Alamomi masu mahimmanci ga manomi:
- riba - azumi, a cikin kajin ya kai kilo 600-700. Kullun yana yin ƙari, yawanci daga 770 zuwa 1000 kg. Kyau a lokacin haihuwar sau da yawa sukan yi la'akari da kg 40-45. Ana darajar su don girma, a cikin shekara ta fari maraƙin ya sami kimanin kilo 400;
- samar da nama - babba, daga manya, zaka iya samun nama mai tsabta 68-70%, a cikin yara matasa yana da ƙananan, game da 55%. Rashin hasara yana da yawan kasusuwa cikin nama;
- masu nuna madara daidai da 3.5-4 dubu lita kowace shekara tare da mai abun ciki na 4%.
Kara karantawa game da shanu mai sauƙi.
Suksun irin shanu
An fito da shi a lardin Perm a farkon karni na XIX, inda aka sake shi yanzu. An samo asali na farko ta hanyar tsallaka shanu a cikin gida tare da raguna dan Danish. 
Tsarin tsarin dabbobi yana da yawa, amma yana da karfi, kwarangwal yana da kyau, gwargwado. Yawancin lokaci shugaban da wuyansa matsakaici ne, ƙwaƙwalwar tana kunkuntar amma zurfi. Ƙarin baya babba, lebur, fadi. Udder - matsakaici, fata - na bakin ciki. Girma na saniya shine 128-130 centimeters. Launi - mafi yawa ja tare da tabarau daban-daban.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yaran yana da hanyoyi masu yawa: sabbiness a cikin ƙananan (kusurwar haɗin gwiwa na kwakwalwa yana da kasa da digiri 140, wanda ya rage takaicin kuma kusan kullum yakan kai ga lameness), kazalika da rauni na tsoka. Lokacin da ake hayar waɗannan abubuwa dole ne a la'akari da shi, samar da yanayi don kiyaye dabbobi. Tuna da shawarar kula da ƙwayoyin hannu, da hadawa cikin cin abinci na karin bitamin wanda ya karfafa tsarin skeletal.
Shankuran Suksun suna da ƙari, suna da mahimmanci ga cututtuka, da wuya shan wahala daga cutar sankarar jini ko tarin fuka. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ya dace da kowane yanayin yanayi.
Sakamakon samuwa:
- saita nauyi: domin shanu, matsakaicin kilo 500 ne, kuma ga maraƙi - kilo 950. An haifi ƙudawan ƙananan, calves yayi kimanin kimanin 28, da bijimai - 30 kilogiram;
- nama yawan amfanin ƙasa - matsakaicin, 55%;
- masu nuna madara daidai da lita dubu 4 a kowace shekara tare da cike mai ciki na 4%.
Schwycka
Ma'aikatan wannan irin suna dauke da su a cikin tsofaffi. Sun bayyana a ƙasar Switzerland a cikin karni na XIV, da sauri ya yada cikin Turai kuma ya zama sananne sosai tare da kusan dukkanin mazaunan ƙasashe, musamman ga cin abinci marar kyau da mai kyau da kuma abincin nama. 
Kwaran waɗannan shanu suna da faɗi, bisa ga ka'idodi yana da girman 70 centimeters, kuma girman mutum yana da centimita 130. Shanu suna dubawa, tsaya da kyau, tsayawa tsaye akan ƙafafunsu. By hanyar, kafafu suna da gajeren lokaci, amma wannan ba ya tsangwama tare da daidaitattun daidaituwa, kamar yadda suke yadu. Wuka - gajere, amma tare da mai zurfin launi wanda ke haifar da yanayin sanyi. Launi yana haske, yawanci launin toka ko blue. 
Wakilan wannan irin:
- samun nauyi sosai azumi. Karkuka a kowace shekara suna girma zuwa 350 har ma da kilo 400. Matar maraya mai kimanin kimanin 800 kilogiram, kima yana iya yin amfani da alamar 1200;
- da выход мяса - выше среднего, равен 58-60%;
- обладают молочными показателями не менее 4 тысяч литров, нередко и 4,5 тысяч в год. Жирность - выше среднего, 3,8%.
Узнайте больше о коровах швицкой породы.
Якутская
Появилась на территории Якутии, Россия. Tarihin irin wannan abu ne ma d ¯ a - an samo shi daga shanu na gari, wadanda Sakharawan da ke zaune a wannan yanki sun karbe su a karni na 12. A hanyar, na dogon lokaci an yi imani da cewa yanayi na waɗannan ƙasashe bai yarda ya dauke irin wannan dabba ba kamar saniya, amma kafin juyin juya halin, masana kimiyya sun watsar da irin wannan labari game da kayan tarihi da aka samu a lokacin bincike. 
Na farko da mafi banbanci alama shine rashin bayanin sifofi masu launi, launin launi ya bambanta sosai. Har ila yau, an dauke nau'in daya daga cikin mafi ƙanƙanci, matsakaicin girman ƙwayar maraƙi ba ta wuce 110 centimeters ba. Jiki yana da iko da karfi, babban yana da girma, kamar wuyansa, amma takaice. Kulle - takaice amma mai karfi, ya sanya gaba ɗaya. 
Yakut shanu suna da halaye masu zuwa:
- riba - ƙananan, shanu suna kimanin kusan kilogiram 360, bawan - kimanin 530-550 kg;
- nama yawan amfanin ƙasa - matsakaicin, 52%. Yana da alama cewa ba haka ba ne, amma idan muka la'akari da yanayin da aka yi wa shanun, abin da aka yi ya fi girma;
- masu nuna madara kuma low, yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 1.3-1.4 lita dubu na madara a kowace shekara, amma fat abun ciki ne rikodin high, 6%.
Karanta kuma game da karamin saniya Yakut.
Abincin da kiwo masu shayar da shanu - daya daga cikin shahararrun yankuna a ƙasashen da dama. An rarrabe su ba kawai ta hanyar manyan alamun madara da yawan amfanin ƙasa na nama ba, har ma da rashin kulawa ga yanayin da ake tsarewa da kulawa. Kuma har yanzu waɗannan dabbobi - mafi kyawun zaɓi ga kananan gonaki da gonaki masu zaman kansu.
