Marjoram wani tsiro ne mai tsiro ko kuma tsiro wanda yake zaune a arewacin Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da tsakiyar Turai. Nau'i ne a cikin jinsin Oregano kuma yana cikin dangin Iasnatkovye. Mafi shahararrun ganye mai ƙanshi da aka karɓa azaman kayan yaji da magani. Hakanan an san amfanin su azaman aphrodisiac, mellifer da adon lambu. Sunan "marjoram" a cikin larabci yana nufin "wanda ba a daidaitawa". Hakanan an samo su sunayen "mardakush" ko "rikici."
Bayanin Shuka
Marjoram ya girma 20-50 cm a tsayi. Ya ƙunshi ƙarfi mai tushe mai tushe tare da tsawon tsawon. Tushensu da sauri ya yi duhu kuma ya zama duhu, kuma an rufe sashin na sama da gajeren wando kuma fentin cikin launin shuɗi ko shunayya. Girman daji ya kai cm 35-40.Duk mai tushe yana da bangarori 4.
Voidayar ko ganyen ganye akan gajerun petioles suna haɓaka sabanin haka. Suna da ƙarshen kwarjini da ɗan taɓo ɗaya. Kusa da gefen takardar a gaɓoɓin biyu akwai tari mai laushi mai laushi na azurfa, wanda ke sa ganye ya zama mai laushi, mai daɗi ga taɓawa. Suna da haske koren launi mai haske. Tsawon farantin takardar shine cm 12 cm kuma faɗin shine mm 8-15.
A watan Yuli-Agusta, karu-dimbin yawa inflorescences Bloom a fi na harbe. Suna da sifofi gabadaya kuma suna jin fitsari. Flowersanan furanni suna girma a bunches kuma masu launin ruwan hoda, fari ko ja. Bayan pollination, ana ɗaure tsaba - kwayoyi masu siffar kwai tare da laushi mai laushi, waɗanda aka tattara a guda 4 a cikin kowane ganye.
Shahararrun nau'ikan
A cikin al'ada, kawai nau'in jinsin da aka fi amfani dashi shine marjoram na lambu. A cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau, ana noma shi azaman shekara-shekara. A farfajiyar da aka yiwa tambura mai tushe akwai rarar launin shuɗi. Ganyayyaki masu kyaun gaske suna girma kusa da juna kuma suna da launin kore-mai launin shuɗi. Iri:
- Ganyen shayi - iri ne mai yawan gaske a cikin watanni 3 kawai ya samar da daji mai yada 60 cm tsayi;
- Thermos - azurfa-launin toka mai tushe 40 cm tsayi girma a madaidaiciya kuma an rufe shi da kyawawan ganye, kuma a lokacin rani kankanin fararen furanni masu fure;
- Crete - lowan itace kaɗan, mai yaduwar furanni mai cike da kayan furanni masu launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, yana shimfida manyan furanni masu ruwan hoda akan ƙyalƙyali mai ƙanshin wuta kuma yana fitar da ƙanshin lemo mai yaji.
Girma da dasawa
Tunda a cikin aikin gona al'ada ce ta shekara-shekara, dabi'a ce cewa haifuwa yakan faru ta zuriya. Zai fi kyau pre-girma seedlings. Don yin wannan, a ƙarshen Maris, an shirya akwatunan maras shinge tare da sako mai shinge da ciyawar ƙasa. An haɗu da ƙananan tsaba tare da yashi kuma an rarraba shi cikin tsagi tare da zurfin 2-3 cm. An yayyafa ƙasa daga bindiga mai ruwan wuta kuma an rufe ta da fim. Rike greenhouse a zazzabi na + 20 ... + 25 ° C.
Harbe yana bayyana bayan makonni 2-3. Bayan wannan, an cire fim ɗin kuma zafin jiki ya ragu zuwa + 12 ... + 16 ° C. Anyi shawarar cewa yanayin rana da maraice yana jujjuya kusan 4 ° C. Kamar yadda ƙasa ke bushewa, ana shayar da marjoram. Tare da bayyanar ganye na gaskiya guda biyu, ana fitar da shukar cikin akwati zuwa wani akwati mai nisa na 5-6 cm.
A ƙarshen Mayu, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na iska ya sauka zuwa 0 ° C, ana shuka marjoram a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Dole ne a zabi wurin saukowa a bude da rana, amma ba tare da zayyana ba. Tun da daɗewa ba za ta fara kafa tsirowa ba, ba a sanya seedlings cikin dattaku (15 cm a jere kuma 35-40 cm tsakanin layuka). Shouldasa ta kasance ta kasance ƙasa mai yashi ko loamy, isasshen sako-sako kuma ba tare da stagnation na ruwa ba.
Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin dasa shuki, sun tono ƙasa tare da takin ko humus, kuma sun ƙara ɗan urea, superphosphate ko potassium sulfate (kamar 20 g / m²). Kuna buƙatar yin ƙoƙarin ajiye ƙamshin ƙura ko shuka amfanin gona tare da tukwane na peat. Tsarin rooting yana ɗaukar makonni uku. A wannan lokacin, ƙaramin shading da shayarwa na yau da kullun wajibi ne.
Marjoram Kula
Don samun kyakkyawan girbi na marjoram, kuna buƙatar kula da shi, amma ba a buƙatar ƙoƙarin wuce kima. Al'adar tana son danshi, saboda haka kuna buƙatar shayar dashi sau da yawa kuma da yawa, amma fari na ɗan gajeren lokaci ba zai cutar da yawa. Ganyayyaki mai narkewa zai hanzarta murmurewa bayan ban ruwa. Tun watan Yuli, an sha yin ruwa ƙasa akai-akai, barin ƙasa ta ɗauka a kan ɓawon burodi.
Bayan dasa shuki marjoram, kayan miya guda daya sun isa. An gabatar da shi bayan makonni 3-4, kimanin a ƙarshen daidaitawa. Gishirin potassium (10 g), urea (10 g) da superphosphate (15-20 g) suna cikin dillancin ruwa. Sakamakon bayani yana zubar da kan 1 m² na gadaje. Worryarin damuwa game da ciyarwa ba lallai ba ne.
Lokaci-lokaci, sassauta kasar gona da cire ciyawa kusa da tsire-tsire. Hanya ne da za'ayi tare da kulawa domin kada su lalata asalinsu.
Marjoram yawanci cuta ne mai jurewa. Idan ka dasa shi da kauri sosai kuma bazara tayi ruwa, naman gwari na iya haɓakawa akan harbe. Zai fi kyau a hankali fitar da tsire-tsire kuma a adana wasu tsirrai fiye da yin nadama da lalata komai. Mowarin marjoram na iya zama lokaci-lokaci a kan ganye.
Tarin tattarawa da girbi albarkatun kasa
A cikin lokacin, daji yana sarrafa girbi sau biyu. Ana yin wannan ne a karo na farko a ƙarshen watan Yuli, kuma a farkon Oktoba. Ta yin amfani da wuka mai kaifi ko almakashi, yanke suttut na sama na ganye tare da ganye da furanni, barin harbe 6-8 cm.The sakamakon mai tushe ana wanke shi cikin ruwa mai sanyi sannan kuma an shimfiɗa shi a kan bushe-bushe. Dole ne a zabi wurin da ke da iska mai kyau a cikin inuwa. Tsire-tsire suna juyawa akai-akai kuma ana motsa su don bushewa uniform. Lokacin da duk danshi ya ƙafe, ana bincika kayan mai don busassun ganye da rawaya, sannan ƙasa a matsayin gari. An tattara su a cikin kwantena na gilashi tare da murfin m.
Aikace-aikacen dafa abinci
Marjoram shahararren yaji ne. Zai yi wuya a fitar da takamaiman ƙasar, mahaifar kayan ƙanshi. Ta shahara ko'ina. Dandano marjoram ya ƙunshi bayanin kula sabo da ɗacin haushi. Lokacin shafa ganye, ana jin warin camphor tare da kayan yaji mai daɗin yaji da mai daɗi. A cikin dafa abinci, ana amfani da kayan yaji sau da yawa. An ƙara shi zuwa sausages, manyan jita, miya, salads, kabeji stewed da kuma Legumes na takin. Kayan yaji yana hade sosai da kayan abinci masu kitse. Yana cire narkewar abinci da inganta narkewar abinci.
Tare tare da Sage, Basil da caraway tsaba zaku iya samun abun da ke da kyau musamman. Ana kuma ƙara ganyayyaki masu bushe a cikin abin sha mai zafi. Irin wannan abin sha yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi daidai, yana inganta jini da kuma zubar da jini.
Koyaya, ya zama wajibi a bi ka'idodin. Idan ka daka shi da kayan maye, dandano na tasa zai gushe.
Dukiya mai amfani
Ganyayyaki da furanni na marjoram suna ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na abubuwa masu rai. Daga cikinsu akwai:
- bitamin;
- flavonoids;
- pectin;
- mai mahimmanci;
- phytohormones;
- manganese;
- jan ƙarfe
- baƙin ƙarfe
- zinc;
- alli
Ana amfani da kayan ƙamshi don yin shayi da kayan kwalliya tare da wasu ganye. Tun daga zamanin da, ana ɗaukar shirye-shirye daga marjoram kyakkyawan magani ga tsarin kewaya da zuciya. Suna kuma taimakawa tare da wadannan cututtukan:
- Ciwon gwiwa
- ƙwayar tsoka;
- haila rashin daidaituwa da jin zafi;
- normalization na hormonal baya;
- ciwon ciki;
- rashin bacci
- ciwon kai.
Tsire-tsire suna da shelar diaphoretic da ake kira, diuretic, bactericidal da fungicidal action. Yana yin kyau sosai kuma yana fitar da maniyyi daga farji.
Mahimman mai ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Ana amfani dashi don lokutan aromatherapy. Hakanan suna lubricated tare da corns, warts da kumburi akan fatar.
Contraindications da rikitarwa
Ko da a cikin nau'in kayan yaji da marjoram, mutum bai kamata ya sha da yawa ba. An contraindicated a cikin yara a karkashin 5 years old, ciki da kuma lactating mata, mutanen da fama da karuwar coagulation jini da thrombophlebitis.
Game da yawan abin sama da ya kamata, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya da kuma yanayi na ciki ya faru.
