Fara farawa a cikin kudan zuma, mai farawa, a matsayin mai mulkin, kafin yayi nazarin duk bayanan da ya dace game da wannan batu, kuma tambaya mafi muhimmanci da ke son shi shine inda kuma yadda zaka iya sayan kwari na zuma. Zuwa kwanan wata, akwai abubuwa da yawa masu kyau don magance wannan matsala - yana sayen kullun kudan zuma, kogi ko kudan zuma. Wadannan hanyoyi sun bambanta da juna, amma, kamar yadda masu kiwon kudan zuma suka ba da shawara, shine kullun kudan zuma wanda ke da matsayi na matsayi a cikin abubuwan da suka dace a wannan jerin. Muna bayar a cikin wannan batu don bincika ƙarin bayani game da abin da ke kunshe na kudan zuma, menene amfaninta da kuma irin nau'in wannan na'ura a kasuwar gida.
Bayani da iri
Kayan kwari - wannan shine abun da ke ciki na ƙudan zuma da aka zaɓa daga iyalai daban-daban, wanda a nan gaba za ta ci gaba da sayarwa. 
Don samar da shi daidai, masana za su zaɓi ƙwayoyin da dama da wasu sassa na haɓaka da abinci, to, an cire wannan duka a cikin kwalaye na musamman waɗanda aka kirkiro don kudan zuma.
Yawancin waɗannan kwalaye sune salon salula da wadanda basu da salon salula. A cikin kalmomi masu sauƙi - wannan shine samin asali na iyalan iyali masu zuwa.
Shin kuna sani? Kudan zuma yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin ayyukan da ake yi na bil'adama. Wannan aikin ya yadu ne a zamanin d Misira - a can sun saba da gina gine-gine daga yumbu mai yumɓu, da kuma sandunan wickers da aka yi da yumbu. Har ila yau, tsohuwar Masarawa sun shiga cikin ƙoshin ƙudan zuma, wanda aka samar a kogin Nilu a cikin jiragen ruwa.
Cellular (frame)
Kwanan wata, kunshin salula na salula ya fi dacewa da kuma amfani dashi don samun kyan zuma. Game da fasalinsa na farko an ruwaito shi ga abokin ciniki, kuma GOST yana haɓakawa. 
Salolin salula sun haɗa da hotuna 4 ko 6 Dadan-Blatt 435 × 300 mm.
Mafi sau da yawa, kayan aiki na yau da kullum suna da umarnin - wadannan siffofi uku ne da brood da kuma daya abinci, amma a buƙatar mai saye, kunshin zai iya kunshi bangarorin biyu tare da brood da abinci guda biyu.
Ana amfani da kayan amfani mai yawa a cikin hive, daga cikinsu akwai: pollen, da kakin zuma, propolis, zabrus, perga, kudan zuma da kuma jelly.Ya kamata a tuna cewa lokacin da aka tsara lambobin guda huɗu tare da rasplod, distance mai turawa ya zama kadan.
Offset (frameless)
Ya bambanta da tsarin, kunshin salula Ya hada da saitin tarin mahaifa, wadda ke cikin ƙananan ƙananan kurkuku, da masu ciyar da abinci, masu sha da sauran ƙudan zuma. 
Babu wata shakka cewa ana amfani da wasu mahimmancin amfani da mahimmanci daga amfani da iyalan fakitin ba-cell:
- Kudaden kuɗi don karewa da kuma kula da cututtuka na kudan zuma an rage su zuwa mafi ƙarancin;
- yanayin tattalin arziki na iya zama sauƙi da sauri sabuntawa;
- Yana da yawa mai rahusa don kaiwa ba saƙar zuma kunshe;
- kulawa da kula da yankunan kudancin da suka fito daga kunshe bayan an kwashe kowane wata, su ne mai sauki;
- yana da sauƙin gane ainihin halayen dan sarauniya kuda da kuma dukan iyalin.
Yana da muhimmanci! Hoto na GOST yana jagorancin kallo na frame na kunshin kudan zuma. Ya biyo baya daga wannan cewa masu aiki a cikin kunshin kanta dole ne su kasance ba kasa da kilogiram 1.2 ba. An karkacewa daga al'ada a cikin 100-200 g.
Pchelosemya da pchelopaket: bambancin
Pchelosemya
Akwai wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin kunshin kudan zuma da kudan zuma. Pchelosemya ne mai cikakken jituwa iyaliwanda ya riga ya sha wahala a cikin hunturu, ya riga yana da kudan zuma na sarauniya, kuma ƙudan zuma sun kasu kashi iri daban-daban bisa ga shekarun: drones, ma'aikata, da sauransu. 
Don yin amfani da shi a yanzu don magance kudan zuma, an buƙatar wani kwarewa game da kulawa da ƙwayoyin zuma, saboda irin wannan sayan yakan auku a cikin bazara, lokacin da ƙudan zuma za su iya kwarara, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar mahaifa kuma, a sakamakon haka, asarar dukan iyalin.
Don narke da kakin zuma tare da adadin lokacin da kake buƙatar sakewa da kakin zuma.Sabili da haka, ga dan zuma mai farawa, zabin ƙudan zuma tare da kundun kudan zuma wanda ke da matukar tasiri ga ci gaban gaba shine cikakke.
Har ila yau, wani mahimmanci shine gaskiyar cewa sayen kayan kunshin kaya, ba kamar ƙudan zuma ba, yana yiwuwa kawai a cikin bazara.
Yadda za a dashi ƙudan zuma daga kunshin zuwa hive
Kafin a fara canja wurin sauya kyan zuma zuwa hive, dole ne a samar da "gida" a nan gaba ta yadda ya kamata, ta wanke da kuma wanke shi cikin ciki. 
In ba haka ba, gwargwadon shuka zai iya tashi saboda ƙwarewa ga ƙananan kasashen waje.
Za ku so ku koyi yadda za ku yi amfani da hannayenku.Sabili da haka, an bada shawara don ƙona ƙwanƙun daji tare da bugun jini kuma wanke shi da ruwa mai tsabta, ya bushe shi kuma ko da yaushe kafin dasawa, aiwatar da ganuwar tare da tsintsiya na musamman daga lemun tsami ko kuma motherwort.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan fitina, an saka wuraren da aka shirya a gaba, amma idan apiary bai riga ya shirya don karbar sabobin kudan zuma ba, an canja su zuwa wani wuri (kimanin kilomita 3) kuma an sake ƙudan zuma a can.Domin tsarin tafiyarwa don wucewa ga ƙudan zuma da kuma na beekeeper ba tare da matsalolin da ba dole ba, dole ne a shirya nauyin adadin ƙwayoyin katako da sushi a cikin apiary, kazalika da shigar da kwandon ruwa.
Daga cikin salula
Babban yanayin da za a canja ƙudan zuma daga ƙwayar saƙar zuma zuwa ga hive shine iyakar iyakar da kuma kiyaye tsarin mulki mai matsakaici. 
A yanayin zafi, wannan aikin zai fi kyau bayan faɗuwar rana, kuma a cikin wani lokacin sanyi, ba za ku iya biyan wani lokaci ba.
Na gaba, mai kula da kudan zuma ya buƙaci bin irin wannan matakai.:
- don janye hayaki;
- canza tufafi a cikin kaya (gashi, safofin hannu, mask);
- shigar da kunshin a kan shafin hive;
- bude beekeeper ga beekeeping;
- sa'an nan kusa da kunshin ya zama wajibi ne don saka hive kuma a sake tsara tsarin tare da kwarara cikin kwari a ciki.
Daga cikin salula
Zaka iya aiwatar da suturwar kayan kayan salula a hanyar da ake amfani dasu sau da yawa, tasiri wanda yawanci ya wuce duk tsammanin:
- kamar kwanaki biyu kafin a kwashe kunshin a cikin asibitoci, wajibi ne a saka furen tare da wrinkle (don 1.5 kg na kwari - ƙwayoyi guda biyar ko bakwai-jiki) da kuma tabbatar da iyakance su zuwa diaphragm;
- don ƙudan zuma su zama kwanciyar hankali da sauri a haɗuwa a cikin kulob din, an saka su a farkon wuri a busassun wurin busassun wuri;
- don haka kwari daga cikin akwati za su iya tafiya zuwa cikin mahaifa, sau da yawa ana sanya kunshin a kusa da tsarin (waxed), kuma cage tare da mahaifa tsakanin su;
- Idan akwai wani nau'i na mahaukaci, dole ne a sanya cikin mahaifa a cikin ginin farko a tsakanin sassan, sannan kuma a bude mabuɗin budewa an sanya jakar a cikin na biyu;
- idan an dauki mahaifa cikin farko tare da sauran ƙudan zuma, to ya kamata a girgiza jaka a cikin hive.
Shin kuna sani? Kudan zuma na iya canja wurin kimanin 50 ml nectar a kan kansa, amma ana cinye wasu kayan cin abinci a lokacin jirgin don kula da makamashi. Idan nesa daga cikin jirgin yayi girma, kwari zai iya rage ganimar ta kashi 70%.
Ayyuka da amfani da amfani
Har ila yau, bayanin kula wasu ƙarin amfani ne ta yin amfani da nauyin kyan zuma na musamman da wasu daga cikin siffofinsa:
- Kunshin yana ƙunshe da muhimman bayanai: 3 kilogiram na ƙudan zuma, 1 kg na ƙudan zuma da kuma kimanin kilogiram 2 na brood;
- Wani lokaci ana samun kwari a cikin irin wadannan nau'in, amma sau da yawa waɗannan su ne ƙudan zuma waɗanda suka bushe a kan ginshiƙan da jinsunan;
- Dole ne ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi ƙananan yara, wanda shekarunsa ba zai wuce shekaru biyu ba, ƙudan zuma masu karfi da kuma buga jaririn.
Idan har yanzu kuka zaɓi kayyade a kan kudan zuma, to lallai ya kamata ku kula da nau'o'in kaya akan kasuwar gida, saboda kunshe, kamar ƙudan zuma, suna da siffar su da kuma irin su.Koyi game da nau'in iri-iri iri iri na kayan zuma kamar zuma: buckwheat, lemun tsami, phacelia, rapeseed, chestnut, acacia, acacia, coriander, fararen.Mafi yawan shahararrun shahararrun kullun da ake kira "Karpatka" a cikin mutane.
Suna ƙunshe da nau'ikan abu mai kyan gani da kuma ƙwararriyar kyauta.Yanzu, dogara ga duk shawarwarin da aka ambata da aka ambata a sama da shawarwari game da zaɓar wasu na'urorin da suka dace don bunkasa ƙudan zuma, za ka iya kwanciyar hankali da amincewa da samun kwarewa a cikin kudan zuma da kuma ƙaunar kanka da ƙaunatattunka tare da dadi mai dadi.
