Tuberose shine tsire-tsire mai narkewa na shekaru daga dangin Asparagus. An san ta da kauri inflorescences da m waxy furanni, wanda exude wani mai dadi ƙanshi. Kamshin a lokaci guda yayi kama da Lily, gladiolus da daffodil. Mahimman mai na shuka ana amfani dasu sosai a masana'antar ƙanshin. An samar da kayan masarufi tare da bayanan kula da gasrose ta hanyar sanannun samfuran kamar Gucci da Dior. Sunan kimiyya na shuka shine tube polyantes (Polianthes tuberosa). Gida na asali na tuberose yana cikin Meziko. Daga can, ta bazu cikin ƙarni na 16 zuwa Indiya, arewacin Afirka da Eurasia. Tsire-tsire ba sa haƙuri da hunturu frosts, saboda haka suna girma cikin tukwane ko haƙa sama a shekara don hunturu.
Bayanin Botanical
Tuberose shine tsire-tsire na zamani. Tushen tushen yana wakiltar tsoffin corms tare da diamita na 2 cm cm 6. An rufe su da sikelin launin ruwan kasa. A cikin ƙananan ɓangaren, tsararren farin fata fari. Tsarin rayuwar kowane kwan fitila yana shafar shekaru 1-2. Tana girma cikin lian ganye da girma, sannan kuma tayi fure. Sau da yawa a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, fure baya faruwa. Bayan fure, tsohuwar kwan fitila ta mutu, kuma yara da yawa suna tasowa kusa da shi.
Ana sabunta ƙasa mai ƙima a shekara. Ya ƙunshi m madaidaiciya kara da ganye. Matsakaicin tsayi na daji shine 35-45 cm. Harbi a cikin sashin da ke sama ya ɓaci kuma an rufe shi da ganyayyaki mai yawa a ƙasa. Ganyayyaki kore mai duhu masu duhu waɗanda suke girma zuwa 30-45 cm a tsawon kuma tsawon cm 1 cm.
A cikin lokacin fure (Yuli-Oktoba), babban karuwar inflorescence yayi girma a saman tushe. Godiya gareshi, tsayin tuberose yana ƙaruwa zuwa 1 m. Ana fentin buds a cikin inuwa mai haske. Furanni suna tsaurara shinge a kan kara akan keɓaɓɓen shinge. Suna da bututu mai ruɓi daɗaɗɗun fararen fararen fata. Tsawon ɗan toho ɗaya ya zama 5-6 cm, kuma duddirinsa ya kai cm 3-5, Mai santsi, amma gasasshen mai kama mai kama da kakin zuma.
Buɗe furanni yaɗaɗa mai ƙarfi, ƙanshi mai daɗi. A Mexico da wasu kasashen Asiya, ana amfani da inflorescences don yin ado da kayan amarya, da shirya bouquet don bukukuwa daban-daban da kuma ado gidaje. Infaya daga cikin inflorescence ya ƙunshi 10-30 buds. Fitar da furanni ɗaya yana kwana 2-3. Budsarshen ƙasa sune farkon waɗanda suka yi fure. Bayan pollination, 'ya'yan itãcen ripen - oblong iri capsules da yawa kananan, lebur tsaba.
Nau'in Tuberose
Akwai kusan nau'ikan 13 a cikin tsaran shuka. A cikin floriculture na gida, zaka iya samun 2 daga cikinsu da nau'ikan ado na da yawa.
Tuberose broadleaf. Itace tana da kwararan fitila mai tsawon 5 cm tsayi kuma tsawon cm 3. Itace madaidaiciya itace an rufe da ganye a gindin. Wide-line mai haske kore ganye tare da m surface ake tattara a cikin muhimmi Rosset. Ikeaƙƙarfan launin fasali mai ƙyalli ya ƙunshi furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara mai launin fari tare da diamita na 4 cm. Ya faɗi a kan Afrilu-Mayu.
Polyantes bututu. Tsawon fure mai fure shine 80-100 cm.Tsarin basus ɗin ya ƙunshi kunkuntar ganye, mai sassauƙa game da tsawon cm 50. smallananan ganye masu ƙarewa 5-6 cm suna cikin ƙananan ɓangaren tushe. Furan furannin fari masu ƙarfi tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanshi na fure a ƙasan kafafu. Dudduginsu shine 5-6 cm Kowane sako-sako mai siffar inflorescence ya hada da 10-30 buds. Nau'in kayan ado:
- Lu'ulu'u. Terry mai ban sha'awa iri daban-daban tare da tsawo na 45-65 cm. diamita na furen fure shine cm 5. Itace tana da zafin rana, tana girma cikin kwantena.
- Sensation. Inflorescences ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni ruwan hoda-purple.
- Shuɗin shuɗi. Kyakkyawan shuka tare da inflorescences mai yawa. Ya narke manyan furanni biyu tare da haske ruwan hoda mai haske da bakin iyaka mai launin shuɗi tare da gefen furannin.
Hanyar yaduwa da Saukowa
Tuberose yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba da 'yar kwararan fitila. Yankin shuka ba shi da wahala, tunda seedlings a farkon shekarar rayuwa suna da rauni sosai. Suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali da kuma kula da greenhouse.
Yawancin lokaci 'yan lambu suna yaɗa bututun ƙarfe tare da corms. A cikin duka, babban fure shuka yana ba da yara 20 a kowace kakar. Rarrabe kuma girma dabam zai iya zama samfurori tare da diamita na 2 cm. Bayan fure kuma har zuwa tsakiyar kaka, ba a girka corms ba. An basu balaga sosai. Sai kawai lokacin da ganye fara Fade, tuberoses za a iya dug sama, bushe da soket ɗin ya kasu kashi.
Don hana corms bushewa, an adana su a cikin daskararren ciyawa ko peat a zazzabi + 15 ... + 18 ° C a cikin cikakken duhu. Raba gida yana da zaɓi, amma kowace shekara 3-4 wannan hanya wajibi ne. In ba haka ba, da tsire-tsire suna crushed kuma zai Bloom muni.
A cikin yanayin latitude, yana da dacewa don shuka bututun ƙarfe a cikin kwantena, wanda a cikin bazara za'a iya kawo shi cikin ɗakin kuma ba haƙa corms kowace shekara. Shuka ƙasa ya zama mai gina jiki da nutsar da ruwa. A cikin lambun, kafin dasa shuki tuberose, an zuba yashi a cikin ramin. Ana shuka daskararren tsaye a tsaye - har wuyan wuyansa yana kan farfajiya.
Dokokin Kulawa
Tuberose yana buƙatar ƙoƙari daga mai lambu, amma ta fi lada mai kyau da ƙamshin inflorescences na aikinta.
Haske Tuberose yana buƙatar tsananin hasken wutar lantarki da hasken rana mai tsawo. Da tsakar rana, yakamata a rufe furanni daga zafin rana. Da safe ko a sa'o'i maraice, rana ba zata cutar da shuka ba. A cikin inuwa mai zurfi ko tare da ɗan gajeren hasken rana, furanni da wuya saurin fure.
Zazzabi Dankin yana buƙatar abun ciki mai dumi. Yana da kyau cewa iska ba ta taɓa sauka ƙasa da + 20 ° C, in ba haka ba haɓaka da furanni ya gushe. Lokacin da aka rage zuwa + 15 ° C, shuka ta mutu. A lokacin rani, furen yana girma a waje (a gonar, a baranda ko verandas), amma amintaccen kariya daga zayyana ya zama dole.
Haushi. Tuberose yana buƙatar zafi na 50-80%. Ana bada shawarar fesa shi har sau da yawa a rana. A cikin zafin rana tsaka spraying ne wanda ba a ke so. A cikin bude rana, saɓar ruwa za ta zama ruwan tabarau kuma yana haifar da ƙonewa.
Watse. Tuberose yana buƙatar matsakaici amma ruwa na yau da kullun. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da ruwa mai tsabta, tsarkakakken ruwa tare da zazzabi sama da yawan zafin jiki na ɗakin. Ruwan bai kamata ya yi kwanciya a cikin ƙasa ba, in ba haka ba kwararan fitila za su yi sauri da sauri.
Taki. Domin furanni don rayayye gina kore taro da Bloom, shi dole ne a ciyar da. Tsarin ma'adinan ruwa ko kuma maganganun ƙwayoyin tsuntsaye wanda aka lalace ana ƙara su a cikin ƙasa daga Mayu zuwa Agusta a kowane wata.
Trimming da garter. Yayinda yake girma, ya zama dole don cire ganye, karya ko lalacewa da inflorescences. Dogo mai tsayi ya karya sauƙi, saboda haka dole ne a ɗaure su. A lokacin kaka, ana yanka drooping da yellowed harbe. Ta hanyar cire dukkanin ɓangaren tsire-tsire, yana yiwuwa a tilasta kwan fitila su sa hibernate.
Tilastawa. Bayan 'yan makonni hutawa, zaku iya narke gidan. Don yin wannan, suna tura shi zuwa wani wuri mai cike da wuta kuma a hankali a hankali su sha shi. Wiwi mai dasa yakamata ya zama karami (kimanin 5-7 cm). An cika shi da ƙasar gona tare da ƙari da yashi. Nan ba da jimawa ba farkon tsiro zai bayyana. Flow yana faruwa watanni 5-7 bayan tsiro.
Cutar da kwari. Tuberose na iya fama da cututtukan fungal wadanda ke shafar corm. Ƙanshi na shuka, kodayake yana da matukar daɗi ga ɗan adam, ya maimaita kwari. Saboda haka, parasites da wuya saurin warware ta. Lokaci-lokaci aphids da mitesar gizo-gizo suna bayyana akan ganye. Insecticides (Aktara, Biotlin) suna taimakawa wajen kawar dasu.
Tuberose a cikin lambu
Kyau da ƙanshi na infrorescences na tuberose ana dasa su kusa da wuraren hutawa don jin daɗin ƙanshin mai ƙanshi. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin matsakaici a cikin gadaje na fure. Don cimma tasirin da ake so, an dasa tuberose tare da labule mai yawa. Ya dace da yin ado da rabatok da masu haɗuwa.
Polyantes ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin shinge na kwandon shara don shimfidar baranda da baranda. Mafi sau da yawa, ana shuka shi tare da gladiolus, mallow, Rosemary da delphinium. Yawancin lokaci inflorescences ana amfani da su don yin bouquets. Don waɗannan dalilai, wajibi ne don zaɓar tsire-tsire waɗanda ke da fure fiye da furanni buɗe.
