Alyssum shine tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire mai fure tare da sake zagayowar rayuwar shekara-shekara ko na shekaru. Ya kasance daga dangin Kabeji. A cikin lambu, sananne ne da sunayen alisinum, mason ko marine lobularia. Lallai, alissum yana da alaƙa sau da yawa tare da lobularia, amma waɗannan sun bambanta, kodayake tsire-tsire masu alaƙa. Bambanci shine cewa furanni na alissums an fentin su a launuka daban-daban na launin shuɗi. A yanayi, ana samun shuka a cikin yanayin yanayin Eurasia, Afirka da Amurka. Sakamakon rashin daidaituwarsa, yalwar fure mai haske da ƙanshin zuma, alissum sanannen sananniyar al'ada ce a ƙirar ƙasa.
Bayanin Botanical
Alyssum shine ɗan gajeren tsire 15 cm cm tsayi. Highlyazanta masu ƙarfi da aka yi da ƙarfi suna samar da daskararren ciyawa ko magana. Yana ciyar da tsiro da wata iska mai ƙarfi, rhizome na waje. Tushen mai tushe ya zama lignified tare da lokaci. Matasa harbe an rufe da gajeren lokacin farin ciki tari. Takaddun ganye na ganye marasa zuwa suna girma a kansu. An kuma rufe farantin ganye na fleshy na siffar obovate tare da tari mai launin shuɗi ko azurfa.
A tsakiyar watan Mayu, saman kara ya zama mai karsashin tserewa tare da karamin corollas. Kofin furanni huɗu ana fentin su cikin dusar ƙanƙara-fari, rawaya, shunayya, ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda, mulufi ko ruwan lemo Cibiyar fure, saboda tsarukan, tayi kama da shuɗin ido. Canza juna, inflorescences murna a lokacin bazara. Suna fitar da ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙoshin zuma. Warin nan yana jan kudan zuma da sauran kwari masu amfani. Alyssum kyakkyawan shuka ne na zuma. Bayan pollination, ƙananan kwalaye na shuka sun yi girma tare da ƙanana, kamar ƙura, tsaba launin ruwan kasa.
Bambancin Alissum
Alissum na dabi'ar Alissum ya hada da fiye da nau'ikan jinsunan 200 na shekara da kuma perennials. Alyssum perennial ya fi tsayayya da sanyi kuma ya fi dacewa ga yankuna na arewacin, amma ba a yi dogon lokaci ba. Alyssum na shekara-shekara zai yi farin ciki da furanni har zuwa tsakiyar kaka.
Jirgin ruwan Alyssum. Heat-ƙauna perenni tare da sabbin abubuwa, harbe-harben ƙasa. Dangane da shi, nau'in ampoule alissum da yawa an bred. Tsawon ganyayyakin shine 8 cm cm 8. Fuskokin an rufe shi da ganyen fure. Dukkanin bangarorin kore suna lullube ne a takaice silili villi. An tattara ƙananan furanni na zinare a cikin goge. Iri:
- Taini Tim - harbe tare da tsayin daka bai wuce 8 cm an rufe shi da hat mai farin dusar ƙanƙara ba;
- Violet Coning - tsire-tsire masu tsalle-tsalle na 10-15 cm tsayi mai tsayi fure mai launin shuɗi;
- Gimbiya a Purple - nau'in ampel tare da dogon harbe da inflorescences lilac mai taushi;
- Esther bonnet - wani nau'i ne mai cike da ƙaƙƙarfan tsari tare da ɗakunan ajiya na 20-25 cm tsayi a cikin tsami na fure-Yuli-Satumba, ruwan hoda da shunayya, furanni pastel.
Alyssum yana da dutse. Perennial 25-30 cm tsayi girma sosai branched, tashi harbe. Tana samarda daji na semicircular. M ganye mai launin toka-kore ana zaune kusa da juna. A saman kara, yawa inflorescences m fure tare da watsa mai haske rawaya furanni. Iri:
- Guguwa mai launin zinare - wani daji da bai wuce 20 cm ba an rufe shi da ƙaƙƙarfan hat hat mai haske;
- Plenum - m thickets na zuwa 30 cm sama da ƙasa narke zinariya Terry buds;
- Placer na gwal - mai tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire tare da kunkuntar duhu ganye mai duhu wanda aka rufe shi da karamin tassels na launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi;
- Fararraren kafet shine murfin ƙasa shekara-shekara tare da fure mai tsayi;
- Sakafin dusar ƙanƙara - ƙwanƙwarar ƙanƙara mai tsayi ba ta fi 8 cm sama da ƙasa ba a watan Yuni-Agusta an ɓoye gaba ɗaya a ƙarƙashin yawancin inflorescences dusar ƙanƙara tare da ƙanshin zuma;
- Bimbo fari - murfin ƙasa har zuwa 25 cm a tsawo tare da farin corymbose inflorescences.
Alyssum yana da tsaunuka. Plantwanin da ke da sanyi mai-sanyi yakan shuka 10-20 cm sama da ƙasa. Gashi mai tushe yana tafiya a ƙasa kuma ya tashi kaɗan a ƙarshensa. Ganyen duhu mai duhu mai duhu da matashi mai tushe an rufe su da gajeriyar launin toka. Tuni a cikin ƙarshen Afrilu, ƙaramar furanni fure, harhada zuwa mahaifa, inflorescences mai yawa.
Girma da dasawa
A lokacin yaduwar iri, ana iya shuka alissum a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙasa ko a cikin greenhouse don seedlings. A cikin gonar a ƙarshen bazara, ana rarraba tsaba a cikin tsagi zuwa zurfin 15 mm. Seedlings Bloom kusa da kaka kuma ba haka ba sosai, saboda haka wannan hanyar ya dace wa perennials. A cikin yankuna na Kudancin da suke yin shuka iri a cikin hunturu. A wannan yanayin, ƙwayar za ta bayyana a tsakiyar bazara, kuma a watan Yuni za a fara furanni.
Duk da haka ya fi dacewa don yin girma alissum ta hanyar seedlings. A wannan yanayin, daga Mayu, mai lambu zai sami fure mai fure mai ƙarfi, daga abin da ya fi sauƙi don sanya abun da ake so a cikin flowerbed. 'Ya'yan shuki suna farawa bayan watanni 1.5-2 bayan shuka iri. Wajibi ne shirya akwatunan m tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki mai haske. Alyssum ya tsiro a kan ƙasa na alkaline, don haka an gabatar da ɗan lemun tsami kaɗan a cikin ƙasa. Tsaba suna ƙoƙarin rarraba a ko'ina. Ana zubar da su kadan a cikin ƙasa, aka fesa su kuma an rufe su da fim.
Ana adana kwandon a wani wuri mai cike da wuta a zazzabi na + 10 ... + 15 ° C. Duniya tana tarwatsewa a kai a kai kuma ta yayyafa. Harbe yana bayyana bayan kwanaki 5-8. Bayan wannan, a hankali an cire tsari. Tare da zuwan farkon ainihin ganye, hada takin tare da hadaddun ma'adinai ake yin sa. Lingsalingsan itace tare da ganyayyaki na gaske na 2-3 ana haihuwar su a cikin tukwane dabam. Matasa alissum suna kula da sanyaya, sabili da haka, ana dasa furanni zuwa cikin ƙasa ba a farkon ƙarshen Mayu ba, lokacin da haɗarin sanyi gaba daya ya shuɗe.
Don alissum, an zaɓi wuraren buɗe rana ba tare da ƙasa mai haske ba. Furanni suna jin daɗin tsakanin slabs na kankare akan dutse. Idan ƙasar ta kasance da ƙima, ƙarin harbe da ganyayyaki za su kafa, amma fure zai yi rauni. Duniya yakamata ta kasance tsaka tsaki ko kuma alkaline dan kadan.
Labule yana girma a faɗin haka, saboda haka, tsakanin kowane tsire-tsire a cikin lambun suna kiyaye nesa ta kusan 40 cm. Shuka ramuka yana sa ya zama mara nauyi. Ana shuka 'yan itacen tare da tukwane na peat ko dunƙule ɗaya na ƙasa, don kada su lalata asalin asalinsu. Bayan dasa, alissum yana shayar da yalwa da mulk tare da peat.
Kayan lambu na yaduwa
Vegetatively alissum yana yaduwa da wuya sosai, tun da tsire-tsire na perennial a cikin lambu galibi suna girma kamar shekara. Idan ya kasance mai yiwuwa ne a kula da dazuzzuka, a cikin bazara kafin a raba fure kuma a dasa shi. Yana da mahimmanci kada ku lalata tushen, don haka yi ƙoƙarin ajiye curi na ƙasa.
A lokacin rani, ana yanke tsawon gefuna 8-12 cm daga wani daji mai ƙarfi .. Suna saka ruwa, kuma da isowar tushen da suka dasa a cikin ƙasa. A hulɗa tare da ƙasa, mai tushe yakan ba da tushe. Za'a iya raba masu shimfiɗa a cikin Mayu-Agusta kuma saukowa a kan madaidaiciyar wuri.
Kulawar waje
Alissum bazai buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa daga mai lambu ba. Kodayake ana daukar tsire-tsire da haƙuri fari, yawan ruwa yana da mahimmanci a gare shi yayin fure. Idan babu ruwan sama, sai a sha ciyawar sau 1-2 a sati, a lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm. Kusa da matasa na shuka, ciyawa sau da yawa suna buƙatar sako ƙasa kuma cire ciyayi. Sun fi kula da maƙwabta masu tayar da hankali.
Da yawaitar alissum ba lallai bane. Don perennial, ciyar 1-2 a cikin shekara ya isa. A karo na farko, ana tsire-tsire tsire-tsire a cikin bazara tare da hadaddun abubuwa tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen. A farkon lokacin rani, ana kara ma'adinan ma'adinai don tsire-tsire masu fure tare da phosphorus da potassium. Annuals suna ciyarwa sau biyu.
A cikin bazara, an yanke perennial alissum, yana cire ciyayi bushe. A ƙarshen fure, rigakafin tsufa yana da amfani ga duka iri. Don haka jigon kore zai yi kama da yanayin da, kuma a ƙarshen bazara maimaita lokacin furanni zai yiwu.
Alyssums suna iya yin hunturu a cikin ƙasa buɗe, idan zafin jiki bai faɗi ƙasa -15 ° C ba. A cikin yankuna na arewa a lokacin faduwar, sau da yawa ana lalata shi kawai, yana buɗe hanyar sabbin filaye. Don adana furanni, a cikin kaka an rufe su da wani lokacin farin ciki Layer na ganye ganye ko spruce rassan. A cikin hunturu, an jefa babban dusar kankara. A cikin bazara, yana da mahimmanci don cire tsari a cikin yanayin da ya dace don tsire-tsire ba sa sock.
Alyssum yana da tsayayya wa cututtukan shuka, amma a kan mai yawa, ciyawar ambaliyar ruwa, tana fama da cututtukan fungal (marigayi Blight, tushen rot, mildew powdery). Daga cututtuka, ana kula da tsire-tsire tare da fungicides, ruwa na Bordeaux ko sulfate na tagulla. Kamar duk wakilan dangin Kabeji, furanni suna da saukin kamuwa da hare-hare ta hanyar ƙarar dutsen gwal, masara, ƙwayar kabeji da farin farin. A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole don feshewar ta lokaci tare da maganin kashe kwari.
Amfani da lambun
Alyssum kyakkyawar ƙasa ce. Ana amfani dashi a kan mashigar dutse na dutse, a cikin lambuna na dutse, don yin ado da kan iyaka da katangar lambu na fure. Alyssum ya tafi lafiya tare da fure, phlox, manta-ni-ba, iris da tulips. Yawancin lokaci ana shuka shi tare da tsire-tsire na farkon bulbous, don a gaba abin rufe ƙasan da ke ƙasa. Ampel alissum daidai yake da kwalliyar kwalliyar filayen kwalliya da kuma a filayen fure a jikin veranda da baranda. An kuma yi musu ado da dogayen sanda da kuma gazebos akan titi.
Alyssum ba kawai kyakkyawa bane, amma yana da amfani. Ganye da furanni an tattara don shirya kayan ado. Magungunan yana kubuta daga mura da zazzabi, yana da kyau diuretic da laxative, kuma ana amfani dashi azaman azaman fatar fuska don fata da fatar matsala. An fassara sunan tsire-tsire - "a kan karnukan kare." A zamanin da, wanda aka ci shi da cizon dabba mai ba da kayan ado ya sayar da kayan ado ta hanyar kayan ado.
