Dicenter shine ciyawar ciyawa daga dangin poppy. An fara gano shi a gabashin Asiya (Japan), daga ina ya samo asali daga farkon karni na 19. kyakkyawa mai taushi tare da launuka daban-daban suka bazu ko'ina cikin Turai kuma suka sami shahararren mashahuri. Dicentra buds sunyi kama da zuciya da ta karye a ƙasa. Wani digo-kamar jigon fure yake fitowa daga ciki. Saboda wannan tsari, ma'aikacin lafiyar ya sami lakabi na biyu - “karyewar zuciya” ko kuma “zuciya mai kuka”. Suna da yawa daga Girkanci fassara a matsayin "mai magana da yawun biyu." Don wani lokaci, masu lambu sun manta game da wannan fure mai ban mamaki, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, cibiyar ta sake samun karbuwa sosai.
Bayanin Shuka
Halin halittar dicentres yana haɗuwa da nau'ikan ganye na shekara-shekara da na perennial tare da ciyayi a tsaye ko furannin fari. Bishiyar rhizome mai zurfi ta shiga ƙasa. A kanta akasari kalamai masu kama da 'ya'yan itacen dabino an kafa su. Wani yanki mai zurfi mai zurfi ko oval 0.3-1 m tsayi an kafa shi sama da ƙasa.
Furess mai tushe an rufe shi da fata mai laushi-fata zaitun. An yi masu zane sosai kuma kusan ba a samun ganyayyaki. Rarraban ganye waɗanda ke rarrabe suna tsiro daga juna. Manyan ganye na petiole ana fentin su a cikin zaitun ko koren duhu a launi kuma ana mai da hankali a cikin kayan ganye na fure.
A ƙarshen rassan a watan Mayu, fure ɗaya marashan launin fure mai kama da fure mai banmamaki mai fure. Thearfafa nauyin buds, reshe ya buga a cikin baka. Kowane fure yana rataye a kan shimfidar bakin ciki da sassauƙa. Corolla daidaita, yana da 2 spurs. Upperangare na sama na toho yana kama da zuciya, daga ƙasa kuma furannin suna juyawa kadan da ɗanyen fure ya shiga cikin bututun da ke shiga cikin ramin. Canza furanni ya dogara da iri-iri. Zai iya zama inuwa ta daban na rawaya ko ruwan hoda, kalar fari. Zuciyar mara taushi kamar 2 cm tsayi.
Yunkurin farko na fure yana da makonni 3-4. A tsakiyar lokacin rani, furanni ya bushe, amma ciyawar da ke fitowa daga kore ta ci gaba. Bayan 'yan makonni, kuma ya bushe, kuma daji fadi baya. Shootsan matasa harbe kawai suka rage. A watan Agusta, lokacin da zafi yayi rauni, lokaci yayi da za a sake yin fure.
Bayan pollination, ƙananan ƙwanƙwaran ƙwayar zuriya suna haɓaka a cikin harbe, a ciki wanda ƙananan tsaba suke. Suna da kamannin da ke kusa da juna. Iyawar Germination yana da shekaru 2.
Nau'in Dicentres
A cikin duka, akwai nau'ikan dicentres guda 8 a cikin iyali. A cikin aikin lambu, ba kowa ake amfani dashi ba, amma nau'ikan kayan ado sun shahara saboda manyan shahararsu.
Dicenter yana da girma (spectabilis). Shootsasassuran da aka dasa sun zama babba, yada daji game da tsayi 1 m. Theaskokin rassan an yi musu ado tare da inflorescences mai gefe ɗaya game da 15 cm tsayi. Ciyayi fleshy mai tushe an rufe shi da furanni masu ƙyalli tare da diamita har zuwa 25 mm. Fulawa ya fara a ƙarshen May kuma ya ɗauki tsawon watanni 2.5-3. Tsuntsayen suna kaura cikin fili (tare da tsari) idan sanyi ya tashi zuwa-35 ° C. Iri:
- Alba - tare da fararen furanni masu bayyana.
- Gold Hart - lian rawaya mai launin shuɗi ya ƙare furen fure mai ruwan hoda tare da ruwan hoda da fari.
Cibiyar tana da kyau. Dankin yana ɗan asalin Arewacin Amurka (California). Yana samar da daji mai yaduwa zuwa 30 cm high tare da kore dabino dab da raba raba ganye a cikin muhimmi Rossettes. Fleshy mai tushe ya ƙare tare da katako mai kafaɗun 10-15 cm tsayi .. Rashan mai launi-ruwan hoda mai ɗauke da sikari mai kusan 2 cm girma a kansu.
- Aurora - rawaya mai launin shuɗi tare da farin digo;
- Bacchanal - daji mai tsayi har zuwa 40 cm babba ya ƙunshi buɗewar furanni masu haske da launin rago mai launin furanni mai haske da ruwan hoda mai haske.
Cibiyar ta kwarai ce. Itatuwan tsire-tsire masu tasowa masu ƙananan-girma har zuwa 25 cm tsayi ana nuna shi da ganyen kore-kore mai duhu, mai kama da ciyawar fern. Fitar wannan nau'in yana farawa a ƙarshen May kuma yana ci gaba har zuwa tsakiyar kaka. Ba ta jin tsoron zafi mai zafi. Branchesananann rassan da ke cikin tassels an rufe su da fararen furanni masu ruwan hoda.
Dicenter hawa. Wannan nau'in asali na asali yana da siffar itacen zaitun tare da rassan m mai tsayi har tsawon tsayi 2. Mako ya bazu a ƙasa ko hawa kan tallafi. Ganyayyaki ternate na Petiole suna girma tare da tsawon tsawon itacen inabin. Inflorescences Bloom ba kawai a ƙarshen rassan ba, har ma a cikin nodes. Mafi mashahuri iri-iri shine mai lura da Goldenan M Inuwa. An rarrabe shi ta hanyar fure mai rawaya mara kyau wanda ba a saba dashi ba a cikin zuciya.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Dicenter yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, rarrabuwa daga daji da yankuna. An yi amfani da yaduwar ƙwayar cuta wajen aiki, saboda haka ba a amfani da shi a aikace. Za'ayi shuka ne a watan Agusta-Satumba. Kuna buƙatar amfani da kayan da aka dafa sosai, wanda yake da wahalar samu a yanayin dumin yanayi. An rarraba tsaba a cikin faranti tare da yashi na peat, an rufe shi da fim kuma an kiyaye shi da zazzabi na + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Ana sa ran Seedlings a cikin wata daya. Yawancin lokaci 50-70% na tsaba tsiro. Tare da zuwan ganye na gaskiya guda biyu, tsirrai suna nutsewa cikin ƙasa a buɗe. Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, seedlings zasu sami lokaci don daidaitawa. A lokacin hunturu na farko, yana da matukar muhimmanci don samar da tsari mai kyau daga dusar ƙanƙara tare da taimakon wani lokacin farin ciki na peat da humus. Fulawa ya fara a cikin shekaru 2-3 na rayuwa.
Tun Afrilu, dicenter za a iya yada shi ta hanyar itace. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da tushen tushe tare da diddige 12-15 cm tsayi. Suna kafe a cikin ƙasa mai narkewa mai daɗin ci. Da farko kuna buƙatar tsari daga kwalban filastik ko gilashin gilashi. Suna cire shi daga baya. A cikin shekarar farko, ana girma yankuna a ɗaka, kuma a farkon bazara ana shuka su a buɗe.
Kyakkyawan sakamako shine yaduwar dicentres ta rarraba rhizome. Yi wannan a farkon kaka ko farkon bazara. Kyakkyawan daji mai zurfi da ke ƙasa yana haƙa a hankali kuma Tushen ya sami 'yanci daga koma ƙura. A cikin sa'o'i da yawa, rhizomes sun bushe, sannan kuma an yanke ɓangaren mai kauri zuwa sassa tare da rarar bakararre. Kowane rabo ya ƙunshi maki girma 3-4. Yanka da aka yayyafa shi da gawayi da aka dasa aka dasa a cikin rami mara zurfi a cikin rukuni-rukuni har zuwa 2-3. Bayan dasa, ana shayar da tsire-tsire.
Kulawar waje
Dicenter yayi girma sosai a cikin wuraren rana da bude inuwa mai cike da inuwa. Da tsakar rana yana da kyau idan inuwa ta sauka akan ta. Tare da matsanancin haske, daji zai sami ƙaramin tsayi da fure mai yawa. Kuma a cikin inuwa, harbe suna girma mafi kyau, amma fure yana farawa fewan makonni kaɗan.
Yana da mahimmanci don zaɓin wurin da ya dace don saukowa, kamar yadda dicenter zai yanke hukunci akan sa don shekaru 5-8 masu zuwa. Dankin yana ƙasa da ƙasa, amma yana jin daɗin ci gaba mai gina jiki da ƙasa mai tsaka-tsaki ko ɗanɗano acidic. Dicentra ya fi son wuraren daskararru da ƙasa.
Ruwa da shuka ya zama matsakaici, kawai tare da tsawan rashi na ruwan sama na halitta. Sau biyu a wata, furanni suna buƙatar ciyar da furanni. Yi amfani da maganin superphosphate ko nitrophosphate, da mullein da humus ganye. Soilasar da ke kusa da ita ana kwance kullun don karya ɓawon burodi mai yawa a farfajiya kuma cire ciyawa.
Idan ana tsammanin sanyi a cikin bazara bayan fitowar sabon harbe, dicenter yana buƙatar rufe kayan da ba a saka ba. A cikin duka, harbe suna girma sosai a lokacin rani, amma ba a lura da halayyar tashin hankali ba a bayan cibiyar. Bai kama sabon yankuna kuma baya zaluntar makwabta a cikin lambun fure.
Bayan fure, busassun bushe suna bada shawarar a datsa. A cikin kaka, an cire sashin ƙasa baki ɗaya, wanda kuma yana da lokaci don bushewa. Tsuntsaye masu yawa zuwa santimita 3-5 suna ci gaba a doron ƙasa .. Kodayake ire-iren lambun suna da-lokacin hunturu, don kare su daga sanyi, ya kamata a rufe ƙasa da kauri mai kauri tare da ganyayyaki da suka faɗi.
Dicenter ba shi da lafiya sosai, amma duk da haka zaku iya samun alamun ƙarar ringi da mosaic taba a kanta (haske ko busassun kwari da zobba akan ɗanyen). Don magance cututtuka, ya zama dole a lura da tsarin ban ruwa kuma a kula da tsirrai da ƙasa tare da fungicides. Kara fashewar cututtukan zuciya da wuya a kai hari. Lokaci ne lokaci-lokaci aphid zai zauna akan sa, wanda Biotlin, Fitoverm, ko wani maganin kashe kwari zai iya lalata shi cikin sauri.
Amfani da lambun
Cibiyar tana matsayin kyakkyawan shimfidar wuri da kayan adon kyawawan wurare na lambun, filayen dutse, lambunan dutse, gangaren dutse. Ana amfani dashi cikin cakuda ƙasa ko cikin ƙungiyoyin solo. Ba za a iya dasa shuka ba kawai a cikin ƙasa buɗe ba, har ma a cikin manyan filayen fure don yin kwalliyar baranda ko tiren fili.
A kan flowerbed, dicenter an haɗe shi da tulips, runduna, hyacinths, daffodils, da aka siya da medunica. Inflorescences zai tsaya a cikin kayan ado na makonni 1-1.5, saboda haka ana iya amfani dasu don yin bouquets da kuma ado ɗakin.
