Shuka amfanin gona

Giruwa da kula da tigridia flower

Tigridia - fure mai haske da ban mamaki wanda ya rinjaye ta da ladabi da nau'o'in tabarau. Wannan ganyayyaki mai kyau shine sananne a cikin gonaki a ko'ina cikin duniya. Duk da haka, masu sha'awar furen suna ki yarda suyi girma a kan makircinsu, kamar yadda suke la'akari da cewa yana da matukar wuya a ba shi da yanayin da ya dace. Bari mu ga idan wannan gaskiya ne, da kuma gano abin da yanayi ya wajaba don ci gaba da noma na tigridia.

Bayanan Botanical

Tigridia tana da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire a ƙasar Kudancin Amirka, iyalin Iris Yawancin tsire-tsire ya kai daga 30 zuwa 70 cm.

Iya Iris tana hada da tsire-tsire kamar: babiana, crocus (saffron), freesia, montbrecia, gladius.

Rhizome yana da babban bulbous samfurin siffar nau'in ba bisa ka'ida ba, na al'ada don tigridia, kimanin 6 cm tsawo kuma har zuwa 4 cm fadi. Daga sama, da kwan fitila ta rufe da bushe, membranous hanyoyi na duhu launin ruwan tabarau.

Ganye suna da madauri-nau'i-nau'i, tare da gine-gine da launi mai haske. Suna tashi sama da ƙasa a cikin hanyar fan mai tsaye daga basal rosette. A tsakiyar fan na ganye ne mai sauƙi ko haɗuwa. Lokacin flowering a tigridia ya kasance daga farkon rabin Yuli zuwa farkon sanyi frosts. Daga daya kwan fitila ke tsiro game da 6 peduncles, kowanne daga cikinsu yana ɗaukar kanta 2-3 buds. Sakamakon yana dauke da raguna shida, 3 daga cikinsu sunfi girma fiye da sauran.

Kwanan adadin corolla yana cikin kewayon 8-15 cm A sakamakon haka, yawancin ƙwayar dabbar tigridia ta samar da siffar triangular ko siffar siffar furen.

Ƙananan filayen furanni yana da haske mai duhu, ruwan hoda ko rawaya, amma launi zai iya zama daɗaɗɗa, sautunan fari.

Shin kuna sani? AA cikin ƙarni na XIV-XVI, Tstec yayi amfani da tigridia kwararan fitila don abinci. An yi musu burodi kuma an yi amfani da su a matsayin babban tasa ko gefen tasa.

Kusa kusa da tsakiyar flower shine halayyar kayan ado na kayan ado a matsayin nau'i na saki. Lokacin tsawon rayuwarta bai wuce sa'o'i 10 ba, amma furanni suna buɗewa don haka, don ƙirƙirar sakamako na ado, ana shuka tigridia a kananan kungiyoyi.

A cikin rukuni na tsire-tsire iri biyu, furanni 5-7 zasu yi fure a kowace rana. Tsarin flowering na daya shuka bai wuce kwana 30 ba.

Bayan flowering a kan shuka ripen 'ya'yan itace-kwalaye, wanda kawo da dama angular launin ruwan kasa tsaba. Tigridia yana fadada tare da taimakon tsaba ko kwararan fitila. A ƙarshen kakar girma, kwan fitila ta ƙare, a maimakon shi wani gida na matasa albasa matures akan rhizome.

Dabbobi

Yau, akwai kimanin nau'i nau'i 55 na tigridia, amma kadan daga cikin gonaki a duniya sun zama shahara. Mafi yawan wakilan dukkan nau'ikan iri biyu: tubular tigridia kuma Tigridia tsuntsaye.

Tigridia peacock - furen ƙarancin zafi, wanda ake kira yanki na asalin yankunan Mexico da Guatemala. Tigridia peacock Wani bambanci daga cikin jinsuna shi ne buɗewar budewa na buds, don haka ya samo furanni mai tsayi, kazalika da babban launi tare da jan ko fata mai laushi da diamita kimanin 15 cm.

Mafi yawan irin wadannan nau'in sune:

  • "Alba": an bayyana shi da furanni da fararen furanni da haske mai launi mai launi;
  • "Aureya": wani shuka tare da furanni mai launin rawaya da siffar mai launin launin fata a jikin stains;
  • Carminea: an rarrabe ta da haske furanni furanni tare da kayan ado na launin rawaya;
  • "Lilacie": da iri-iri yana da fure-fure-fure-fure da ƙuƙummin katako a tushe;
  • "Rosalind": flower tare da m, m fata da kuma Scarlet misali;
  • "Musamman": wani shuka tare da fure-fure-jan furanni, da kuma ja ko launin rawaya rawaya.

Shin kuna sani? Ɗaya daga cikin matasan tigridia an dauke shi Bishara na Spain Bernardino de Sahagun. A cikin karni na XVI, a cikin littafinsa "The General History of New Spain", wani masanin ya bayyana duniyar a karo na farko, kuma ya bayyana manyan siffofinsa.

Tigridia tubular - tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsalle na yankunan Mexico. Tigridia tubular Wani nau'in halayyar nau'in jinsin shine karami. Tsawancin shuka bai wuce 40-50 cm ba, diamita na fure ba shi da ƙari 7 cm. Ƙananan fure na furen sun fi zagaye fiye da na dangi, kuma suna da kyakkyawar inuwa mai haske.

Tigridia Chess - Dabbobi masu nau'in, wanda ke nuna launin fata mai launi. An rufe su da ƙananan ƙananan ƙwararru biyu. An shirya spots a madadin, wanda ya haifar da kayan ado na musamman. Tigridia Chess Tigridia da yawa-flowered - tsire-tsire na matsakaici, tare da launi na launin furanni da furanni a tushe. Ɗaya daga cikin siffofin da ya fi dacewa akan shuka shi ne siffar sabon ƙananan ƙwayoyin. Suna da karfi sosai, wanda ya ba da alama mai ban sha'awa ga dukan flower. Tigridia da yawa-flowered

Girman fitila

Samar da kwararan fitila yana daya daga cikin hanyoyi mafi girma na girma tigridia a dacha. Bugu da ƙari, kawai tare da taimakon kwararan fitila za su iya cimma gagarumar harbe da inganci.

Har ila yau, kwararan fitila sun haifa irin furanni kamar: tulip, snowdrop, crocus crois, gladiolus, Lily, narcissus, ixia, candike, allium, hionodoksa da dahlia.

Shirin ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:

  1. Zabi wani wuri mai saukowa: Tsarin da ya dace da furen ya kamata a zaba a cikin fall; Kyauta mafi kyau ga kayan shuka da wurare mai tsabta da haske.
  2. Shiri don saukowa: 3-5 days kafin kwanakin kiyasta na dasa, da ƙusa daga cikin kwararan fitila ya raba zuwa kwararan fitila guda daya kuma aka ajiye a dakin da zazzabi. Tirbidia kwararan fitila
  3. Shuka dasa: Lokacin mafi kyau ga saukowa na tigridia shine tsakiyar watan Mayu. Ana dasa shutsar tsire a cikin ƙasa da aka dasawa zuwa zurfin kimanin 10 cm Na farko harbe ya bayyana bayan makonni 2-3.
  4. Shuka kulawa: A cikin 'yan makonni na farko, kwararan fitila na buƙatar tsaftacewa mai tsabta kafin fitowar harbe, don haka danshi zai satura tsarin tsarin bunkasa zuwa matsakaicin. Bayan bayyanar sabbin furanni, yawan ruwa ya rage, kuma an yi amfani da ruwa kamar yadda ya cancanta, duk da haka, ba za a yarda da bushewa ba.

Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da aka dasa shuki, ya kamata a kauce wa katako daga shuki, saboda wannan zai iya tasiri ga ci gaba da ci gaban gadon filawa. Tsaran nesa tsakanin furanni ya kamata ya zama akalla 20 duba

Don inganta yadda ya dace na haifuwa na tigridium, yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da wadannan shawarwari:

  1. Tigridia shine kallon mai haske wanda bai yarda da canjin canje-canje a yanayin yanayi ba, don haka flower zai ji mafi kyau a cikin wani wuri mai haske, kariya daga zane.
  2. Mutanen da ke arewacin yankunan suna da shawarar su yi amfani da kwararan fitila. Don yin wannan, ana shuka su a cikin tukwane da mai kyau mai tsabta don makonni da yawa kafin a dasa shuki, a cikin bude ƙasa an dasa shuki a bayan dasa bishiyoyi na farko.
  3. Sau da yawa, tsire-tsire ba sa bukatar ƙarin kayan garkuwa, amma a yanayin sauko da rashin haske, tsintsin ya zama abin ƙyama kuma yana buƙatar ɗauri.

Ajiye ajiya

A karshen kakar girma, yara da dama suna ci gaba a cikin ɓangaren tushen fure a kusa da kwan fitila. Tuni na gaba bazara zasu iya shuka. Wannan shine abin da ake kira kwararan kwararan fitila, wanda shine kayan dasa.

Nada shi a cikin marigayi Satumba, kafin kwanciyar hankali na farko, tare da ɓangaren furen fure na furen. Bayan haka, ana ajiye corms a cikin ɗakin dakuna a wani wuri mai daɗaɗa don makonni 2 don kawar da laima.

Bayan kwanaki 14, an yanke sassa ɓangaren asalin tushen da ganye tare ba tare da damuwa da tsarin corms ba kuma yana barin wani tsami na kimanin 3 cm a tsawon. Daga gaba, ana kamata a bi da tigridia tare da duk wani mummunan furotin na shuke-shuke.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan dakin don ajiyar kwararan fitila akwai zafi mai yawa, ya kamata su haifar da yanayi na musamman, samar da iska mai kyau. Don yin wannan, a maimakon yashi, an sanya su a cikin tarkon nylon kuma an dakatar da shi.

Zaɓin mafi sauki zai zama 0.7% emulsion na tushe. Bayan haka, an sake corms a dakin da zazzabi na 1-2 makonni. An shirya kwararan fitila a cikin akwati kuma a nannade cikin yashi mai tsabta mai tsabta. A cikin wannan tsari, ana adana kwararan fitila a wuri mai sanyi a zafin jiki na kimanin 5 ° C. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin a saukowa, ana janye ƙugiyoyi kuma an raba su cikin albasa daya. Gyara kayan tare da alamun lalacewa ko ruɓaɓɓun alamun da aka zubar.

Noma daga tsaba

Girman tigridia daga tsaba an yi nasara a mafi yawancin yankunan arewacin, saboda saboda yanayin hawan gwal na fitila, ba su da lokacin yin farfadowa kafin kwanciyar sanyi ta farko.

Lokaci na shuka tsaba ga kowane yankin yanayi shi ne mutum. A cikin yanayin yanayi, yanayin zai fara a karshen Fabrairu.

Seeding kunshi matakai masu zuwa:

  1. Ƙaddara da jirgin ruwa: kowane akwati na lambun zai dace da girma seedlings, za'a iya maye gurbin su tare da kofuna waɗanda za a iya zubar da su. Ga namo na seedlings dace da wani kantin sayar da substrate. Za a iya shirya kasa da kaina, daga cakuda sodium, peat da yashi a wani rabo na 2: 1: 1.
  2. Kashewa tare da matattun kayan kwantena na lambun: ya kamata a cika kasa a cikin rassan shuka, duk da haka, dole ne a kauce masa yawan ƙananan ƙwayar, saboda wannan zai iya rinjayar girma daga cikin tsirrai.
  3. Shuka tsaba: Ana gudanar da ita a hanyar da ba ta da kyau; Don yin wannan, ana iya rarraba iri a kan fuskar murfin kuma ya rufe shi da wani ƙasa na kasa fiye da 3 mm.
  4. Shuka kula: 'yan makonni na farko, dole ne a yalwata madara da madarar ruwa a dakin da zafin jiki. Bayan bayyanar da farko harbe, ba lallai ba ne don sake wanke ƙasa, ya kamata a yi amfani da ruwa a matsayin substrate. Mafi mahimmancin, ɗakunan iri zasu ji dumi da haske a zafin jiki na 20-25 ° C.
  5. Transplanting a cikin ƙasa bude: transplanted seedlings ya zama a cikin rabin rabin May, bayan maturation a kai na farko 2 ganye. Bayan dasa shuki shuke-shuke har tsawon makonni biyu ya kamata a shayar da shi sosai.
Tirgidia tsaba

Bayanan shawarwari na inganta ingantaccen nau'in tigridia:

  1. Don kare seedlings daga fungal cututtuka, tsaba kafin shuka ya kamata a soaked for 5 da minti a cikin 40% ruwa-barasa bayani, sa'an nan kuma rinsed sosai.
  2. A lokacin da ake shuka tsaba, ya kamata mutum ya tsinkaye nesa tsakanin su ba kasa da 5-6 cm ba, don haka zai yiwu ya kauce wa katako na shuka.
  3. Bayan dasa shuki tigridia a bude ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci don ciyar da su, saboda haka, kowane takalmin ruwa zai dace da seedlings daga shagon flower flower mafi kusa.

Tsarin Kulawa

Kamar kowane irin shuka, tigridia na bukatar yanayi na musamman don tsare kansu, ba tare da abin da ba za su iya ganin gado mai launi ba.

Haskewa

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, tigridia hoto ne mai kama da hoto, amma ba za'a dasa shi a kan gefen gadon filawa ba, kamar yadda hasken rana ta hasken rana zai iya haifar da ci gaban furen.

Saboda haka, ya kamata a dasa su a wuri mai kyau, amma an ɓoye su daga kai tsaye zuwa rana.

Zazzabi

Fure yana da tsire-tsire masu ƙarancin zafi, don haka don cigaban ci gaba a cikin kakar girma, yawan zafin jiki na iska zai kasance aƙalla 20 ° C.

Yana da muhimmanci! Fure zai iya girma a zazzabi a ƙasa 20 ° C, amma a wannan yanayin ba zai iya samar da kwararan fitila ko tsire-tsire ba.

Duk da haka, a cikin kaka, hasken rana na tigridia ba mummunar ba ne, don haka suna gudanar da jin dadin su har zuwa yanayin sanyi.

Ƙasa

Tigridia ya fi girma a kan haske mai kyau da ƙasa mai tsabta, an kare shi daga iska mai karfi, tare da tsaka tsaki ko alkaline pH. Irin wannan ƙasa ya kamata ya kasance mai kyau ga aikin gona da kuma aikin da aka yi da shi da ƙananan ma'adinai ko takin gargajiya.

Gano abin da yake da muhimmanci ga sharar ƙasa ga tsire-tsire, yadda za a gano ƙimar ƙasa a kan shafin, da kuma yadda za a deoxidize ƙasa.

Watering

Yayin da ake yaduwa da shuka, tigridia na buƙatar watering kullum don kula da zafi mai kyau, amma bai dace a tsaftace tsire-tsire ba, saboda wannan zai haifar da mutuwarsu. A lokutan zafi, ana shayar da furanni sau 1-2 a rana, yayin da yawan zafin rana zai sauko zuwa 20 ° C - sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 1-2.

Alamar alama ta buƙatar haɗi shine bayyanar ɓawon burodi mai haske a kasa. A karshen flowering, tigridia an shirya don hunturu, don wannan, daga karshen watan Yuli, watering an halved, zuwa 1 lokaci a 2-3 days.

Humidity

Tigridia su ne tsire-tsire masu laushi, duk da haka, mummunan laima yana da kyau ga ci gaban su da kuma yanayin su.

Saboda haka, wajibi ne a yi girma wannan fure a cikin bushe, wuri mai kyau (amma ba tare da zane ba). A lokacin ban ruwa, watering da tsire-tsire kansu ba shi da daraja, kawai moisten kasar gona na flowerbed.

Top dressing

Hawan doki don wannan flower yana da muhimmanci. A karo na farko da aka samo tsire-tsire a wata guda bayan bayyanar farkon ganye 2, ko a'a a baya fiye da makonni 2 bayan an dasa shi zuwa wuri mai dindindin.

Kashewa na gaba tigridium a mataki na aiki budding.

Tsire-tsire sun fi dacewa da takin gargajiya tare da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci don nau'in fure.

Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da ake aiki da furanni, ba kamata a ciyar da tigridia ba, a wannan mataki da shuka yana buƙata kawai watering dace.

Sau da yawa, shawarwarin masu sana'a don aikace-aikace sun cika bukatun shuke-shuken, amma idan kana son ƙirƙirar gadon filawa na gaske, to, lokacin da ka fara ciyarwa kana buƙatar ƙara 30-40 grams da mita mita zuwa ƙasa. m nitrogen taki.

A lokacin da budding, an bada shawarar su yi fure da flower tare da bayani na nitroamofoski tare da maida hankali na 30 g da lita 10 na ruwa.

Difficulties a girma

Mawuyacin matsalolin da ake yi a cikin tigridia bai haifar da shi ba, duk da haka, matsalolin da za'a iya haifar da shi har yanzu ana iya yiwuwa. A lokacin girma, wanda zai iya yin amfani da furanni, mutuwar mutum da samfurori da sauransu. A mafi yawancin lokuta, wannan shi ne sakamakon rashin dacewar abinci, ciyarwa, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, lafiya, mai laushi mai laushi na tigridia yana yiwuwa kawai tare da kiyaye ka'idojin da aka bayyana a sama don kulawa da shuka.

Cututtuka da kwari

Tigridia sukan shawo kan cutar cututtuka:

  1. Misalin ƙwayar cutar ta taba: yana haifar da canji a cikin launi na ganye a kan alamar halayen marmara tare da yarinya ko ƙananan launuka, kuma yana haifar da bayyanar bumps a farfajiya. A yau, magungunan kwayoyin magungunan kwayoyi ba su wanzu, sabili da haka, don hana ci gabanta, wajibi ne don amfani da ingancin tsaba da kwararan fitila don haifuwa na tigridia, a kowace shekara ya sanya ganye da aka kwashe da sauran tsire-tsire a ƙarshen lokacin rani, gyare-gyaren dasa kayan kayan aiki da kayan aikin lambu da magungunan barasa ko wasu maganin maganin cutar.
  2. Rusty: Ya bayyana a matsayin tsari mai tasowa akan farfajiya. Za su iya zama daban-daban da siffofi, amma ko da yaushe suna dauke da haske mai tsabta wanda ya ɓace lokacin da suke fatar. Don shawo kan cutar, dole ne a bi da furen tare da mafita na Alfa-Tebuzol, Flutrivit, Polygard, ko analogues.
  3. Scab: cutar ta bayyana ta hanyar maganin kututtukan da ke cikin kwayar cutar, wanda aka keɓance shi da peeling daga cikin ƙananan yadudduka na kyallen takalma, ulcers, warts, takalma marasa nau'in. Don hana cutar, an yi amfani da spraying na flowerbeds sau 2-4 a kowace kakar tare da mafita na shirye-shirye Fitosporin-M, Agat-25K, Albit, Acrobat MC, Profit Gold, Ordan, Kuproksat don zaɓar ko analogues.
  4. Rotten: bayyana mai da hankali na raunuka na ganye da harbe na shuka. A cikin kowane wuri, masana'anta sun juya zuwa wani nau'i na fata mai launin fari, launin ruwan kasa ko baki. Yana yiwuwa a shawo kan cutar tare da taimakon Kuproksat bayani ko cakuda Bordeaux.

Bugu da kari, tigridia sha wahala daga kwari:

  1. Medvedka: cinye tushen da kwararan fitila na furen, wanda zai sa shi ya zama. Don gano cewa kwaro zai iya zama a kan ƙananan hanyoyi da minks a cikin ƙasa tare da diamita na centimeters. Don hana ci gaba da beyar, kafin dasa shuki, yana da mahimmanci ga gwanin Fury, Aktar, Anticuc, Decis, Confidor, ko takwaransa. Medvedka
  2. Tafiya: yana yiwuwa don ƙayyade ƙwayar ta hanyar halayen kananan ƙananan baki a kan foliage. A cikin yanayin ci gaba mai girma na ciwon sukari yana haifar da ciwon ƙwayar zuciya, da kuma karkatarwa da mutuwa daga cikin ganyayyaki.Har ila yau, wata alamar alama ta kwari ita ce halayyar haɓaka wadda ta kewaya akan ganye. Za a iya shawo kan matakai tare da taimakon "Avertina N", "Abamektina", "Aktelikta", "Agrovertina", "Fitoverma" ko analogues. Tafiya
  3. Slugs: ƙwaro yana cin ƙananan sassa na shuka, wanda zai haifar da ingancin ci gaba na furen. Zaka iya gano slugs ta hanyar halayen halayen ƙwayar gashi a kan shuka da kusa da ƙasa. Zaka iya rinjayar m tare da taimakon sunadarai irin su Mesurol, Glanzit, Snacol ko analogues.

Amsawa daga masu amfani da cibiyar sadarwa

Ƙarin sabon launi na wannan flower yana nunawa a cikin take. Kwayoyinta suna da launi, yayin da babban launi na lambun zai iya samun dukkan tabarau na jan ko rawaya. Kyawawan ganye. Suna daɗewa kuma an yi musu dariya.

Tsawanin shuka shine 30-40 cm. Yi sauri.

Mahimmancin Tigridia shi ne cewa furen ya yi fure da sassafe kuma ya ƙare da maraice, da rana mai zuwa sabon sabon yanayin ya bayyana, yawancin sauƙi. Sabili da haka har zuwa fall. Ƙwara mai ban mamaki yana taimakawa da ƙanshi mai ban sha'awa.

An shirya ta kwararan fitila. Don hunturu na tono da kuma adana a matsayin gladioli. Na dasa a farkon lokacin bazara lokacin da barazanar sanyi ya wuce. Unpretentious, na buƙatar kulawa da ƙwarewa. Shuka a kusan kowane ƙasa.

Mai girma don yin amfani da shafin. Idan kana so ka mamaye maƙwabtanka tare da furen ban mamaki, ka ji kyauta ka zabi Tigridia. Duk wanda ya ga Tigridia a shafin na yana son furanni.

Alena
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Tigridia wata fure ne mai ban sha'awa wadda ta faranta wa masu lambu a duniya baki daya. Duk da asalinsa, injin ba ta buƙatar yanayi na musamman ba ko a cikin yankuna da dutsen arewacin.

Duk da haka, don fure kawai don jin dadin ku a cikin kakar girma, ya kamata ya haifar da yanayi na musamman da kuma watering, in ba haka ba zai yiwu a cimma wani arziki flowering.