Itatuwan bishiyoyi da bishiyun Evergreen bazara rasa kamanninsu ba a cikin hunturu. Aikace-aikacen shekara ta shekara yana kawo fa'ida sau biyu. Itataccen ƙanshin wuta yana tsabtacewa kuma ya warkar da iska a cikin zafi da sanyi. Don sanin wane irin shuka don shuka, da farko fara sanin duniyar tsohuwar tsirrai.
Alamar Softwood
Kusan dukkanin conifers sune perennials evergreens. Suna da wasu fasali:
- ganye da aka gyara a cikin nau'i na allura;
- babban resinous abun ciki a cikin haushi da itace;
- tsawon shekaru sama da shekaru 100.
Propagated da tsaba daura a cikin Cones. An rufe su da sikeli kawai, amma ba kariya ta hanyar rufin rufewa. Wannan yana tantance dangantakar rukuni - nau'in motsa jiki. Pollination na ovules na faruwa ne tare da taimakon iska.
Hanyar tsire-tsire na asali ba ta amfani da su, cypress kawai suna da wannan ikon. Gymnosperms - daya daga cikin tsofaffin kungiyoyin tsirrai. A cewar masana kimiyya, magabatansu suna da dadaddun siffa.
Ganin yanayin yaduwar aji ya kasance daga Equator zuwa iyakokin permafrost. Kowane yanki na yanayi yana da bambancin nau'ikansa.
Tsawon mafi yawan bishiyoyi, musamman ma a cikin daji, galibi ya zarce 100 m, amma don gidajen rani ko filayen lambun, masu shayarwa sun buge da yawa nau'ikan yanayin rashin kunya da nau'in dwarf.
Rabuwa da conifers
Masana ilimin halittu sun rarraba sashen conifers zuwa 4 umarni. Daga cikin waɗannan, ukun (cordaite, warlike, Volcium) sune tsire-tsire masu ƙarewa.
Umurni na huɗu ana wakilta ta tsire-tsire masu haɗuwa da iyalai 10, kusan 70 genera kuma fiye da nau'ikan 600. Pines, spruce, cypresses, junipers - duk iyalai suna da kyau kwarai da kyau a cikin aikin lambu na birni da ƙasa, idan dai an zaɓa su daidai.
Kaya
Wadannan bishiyoyin da ke da siriri, ba su da yawa, tsinkayen bishiyoyi, sun kai tsawan 30 m, wasu nau'in daji - 80 m. Matsakaicin shekaru shine shekaru 150-200, kodayake sanannan samfurori masu tsayi an san su da yin bikin shekaru 5000. Ba su da ƙarfi, hunturu-Hardy, jure wa fari da kyau, suna buƙatar kulawa mai ƙaranci. Babban yanayin don ingantaccen namo shine kyakkyawan malalewa don cire danshi mai yawa.
Itace Pine
Yana son wurare masu haske da sarari. Ba ya buƙatar buƙatu sosai akan abubuwan da ke cikin sinadaran ƙasa; yana fifita loams da ƙura mai yashi, yawancin lokuta suna jin girma a cikin wuraren da ke da talauci a cikin abubuwan gina jiki. Daga cikin nau'ikan da yawa tsakanin mazauna bazara, pine dutse shine mafi mashahuri. Yana da unpretentious, ba ya bukatar tsananin kulawa.
Daga cikin nau'ikan da yawa, zaku iya zaɓar cultivar wanda ya fi dacewa da yanayin da ake ciki, tare da tsayin 60 cm zuwa 10-15 m. Seedlings suna da daɗi a cikin iri-iri: tare da kamannin da kambi na yau da kullun, columnar, ellipsoidal, daji-like. Pines kuma sun bambanta da launi na allura - daga duhu mai duhu, monochrome a kowane lokaci na shekara, don bambanta, lokacin da aka fentin allurai matasa da laushi fiye da allura na bara.
Turawa
Tsarin halittar ya hada da nau'ikan 40. Bishiyoyi masu kyawu a cikin samartakansu suna ciyar da tushen tushe. A tsawon lokaci, yakan mutu, aikinsa ya kasance ne ta hanyar rassan gefen gewaye da ke kusa da saman duniya. Wannan fasalin tushen tsarin shine yake sanya jijiyoyin wuya cikin iska. Tsawon bishiyoyi ya kai 40 m, tsawon rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 300.
Span fari mafi tsufa na duniya suna girma a cikin Filin wasa na Fulufjellet (Sweden) - shekarunta sun fi shekaru 5.5 dubu. Ana shuka lingsa arean itace daga gine-gine - tushen yadu sosai yana iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa har ma da ginin dutse. An zaɓi wurin da haske mai kyau, a cikin shading kambi an kafa shi asymmetric, kuma iri tare da allura masu launi suna rasa babban adorativeness ɗin su. A shuka ba picky game da abun da ke ciki na kasar gona, amma ci gaba mafi kyau a kan acidified ƙasa.
Bugu da ƙari ga ƙarancin spruce, mai tsananin gaske tare da haushi mai launin ruwan kasa, ɗakunan rani galibi ana yin ado da shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da allura mai launin toka-kore, yawanci ana zaɓar nau'ikan ƙananan launuka har zuwa 2-3 m high, kazalika da bambance-bambancen. 
Ra'ayoyi don amfani da itatuwan fir a ƙirar ƙasa
Cedar
Cedar, ko itacen ɓawon itacen al'ul na Siber, ba kasafai ake samun shi a cikin ɗakunan rani ba: itace yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman a lokacin ƙuruciya, kodayake yana girma ba tare da matsaloli a cikin yanayin halitta ba, a cikin taiga. Babban fasalin nau'in halitta shine ɗan gajeren lokacin girma, kwanaki 45 kawai. Kodayake ana kiransa babban itacen girma, jinkirin girma, da kuma nau'o'in sababbin nau'ikan suna ba da damar amfani da shi a cikin ƙirar gidan.
An zaɓi wurin don dasa seedling ne wanda ya sa ɗan ƙaramin tsire ya ba da sarari kyauta tare da diamita na kimanin mita 10. Wurin yanar gizon ya kamata ya buɗe, amma haɓakar matasa yana buƙatar shading har zuwa shekaru 10, musamman a lokutan lokacin raƙuman zafi.
Isasa ake buƙata tare da pH na tsaka tsaki, sako-sako, mai-kyau. Itace tana son hydration na yau da kullun, hadi.
Labaran Lebanon, Himalayan, Atlas ana ɗaukarsu ainihin itacen al'ul ne. Ba kamar sabanin Siberian congener ba, 'ya'yansu basu dace da abinci ba. Shahararren kwayoyi na Pine - girman kai na Siberiya - gaba ɗaya iri ɗaya ne a cikin dandano zuwa na kowane irin bishiyar, suna bambanta kawai da girman.
Idan kuna da haƙuri a cikin yankunan kewayen birni na yankuna daban-daban, zaku iya shuka nau'in gonar itacen al'ul na Siberian, waɗanda ke da ƙananan girma. Amma kawai wasu nau'ikan suna ba da 'ya'yan itãcen ingancin da ake buƙata, sauran ana amfani da su ne kawai don dalilai na ado, gami da ƙirƙirar abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin salon bonsai.
Fir
Itace mai falala tana iya kasancewa da shuɗuwa yayin girma, amma kyawunta da warkarwarta sun cancanci duk aikin da aka kashe. Daga cikin nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 50 a cikin ƙirar rani, ana amfani da dwarf da ƙananan nau'in balsamic, Korean, da Caucasian, da kuma nau'ikan nau'ikan Fraser fir. Wadannan nau'ikan sune nasarorin da masu shayarwa, ke haifar da mafi ƙarancin matsala ga mazauna bazara.
Ra'ayin ya dace sosai ga wuraren da ke da inuwa, amma baya son iska. Sabili da haka, an dasa su ta hanyar da za a iya biyan waɗannan buƙatun, yana da mahimmanci musamman ga kananan bishiyoyi. Mafi kyawun ƙasa shine loam wanda baya riƙe danshi. Yana da mahimmanci kawai a tuna: duk wuta tana daɗaɗa ɗaukar iska mai iska da ke ƙazanta, kawai sun dace da ɗakuna waɗanda ke cikin yanki mai tsabta.
Latanci
Wannan nau'in a kowace shekara tare da farawar allurai na sanyi, ana amfani dashi sau da yawa don yin ado da gidan bazara. An kafa shi a cikin tsarin Bonsai, har ma yana riƙe da ado na ado ko da ba tare da allura ganye ba.
Tsawancin larch (yana rayuwa fiye da shekaru 500) yana da jinsuna 20. Dukkanin su, banda Jafananci basu yarda da inuwa ba. Soilasa tana buƙatar ƙasa mai daɗin haihuwa, tare da kyakkyawan malalewa da kuma tsaka tsaki pH.
Tsawon itacen yawanci ya kai mita 30 zuwa 40, amma nau'in ya ba da kansa sosai don yabanya, sabili da haka ana dasa cikakkun bishiyoyi marasa lafiya a inda aka zaɓa. Varietiesananan nau'ikan zamani an buge su daga nau'in Turai don tsara ƙananan sarari sun haɓaka kayan ado.
Fir tare da rawanin kuka ko matashin kai mai kama da matashin kai. Ana haɓaka ƙananan haɓaka a cikin kwantena don ingantaccen wuraren da yanayin yanayi bai ƙyale shuka ya kasance a cikin ƙasa ba.
Keteleeria
M coniferous a cikin daji ke samu a cikin foothills na kudu maso gabas Asia. Keteleeria yanayin zafi ne, sabili da haka an girma a cikin yankuna na ƙasa na Russianungiyar Rasha - a tekun Bahar Maliya na yankin ƙasa na Krasnodar kuma a cikin yankuna na kudanci na Crimea.
Shuka kanta ba kayan ado bane mai mahimmanci ko mahimmanci a matsayin tushen 'ya'yan itace. Ana girma da ita azaman wani abu mai mahimmanci, don ƙarfafa asalin sa.
Tsuga
Tsuga ne ainihin abin nema don masu ƙananan ƙananan rani. Bishiyoyi ta dabi'a suna daidaituwa a cikin girman, ana iya danganta nau'in dwarf ga masu kare ƙasa. Babban bambancin jinsin shine yada rassan fadowa waɗanda ke ba da fara'a ta musamman ga kowane kusurwar gonar.
Shuka shuka a cikin wuraren da ke cike da inuwa a kan yashi da yashi ko kuma yashi.
Mafi munin wuri shine kusa da hanyoyin mota masu wahala: itaciyar ba ta yarda da gurɓatar iska ba.
Karanta karin bayani a labarin game da Tsugu.
Kirkira
Iyalin sun hada da janareto 19 (sama da nau'in 130), waɗanda aka rarraba akasarinsu yankuna masu ɗumi.
Ba kamar dangin da aka ambata a sama ba, wasu nau'ikan suna da dioecious. Cypress - ɗayan ifean conifers waɗanda ke da cikakkiyar nasara ta hanyar yaduwar itace.
Kirkira
Mafi bishiyar "m" - kambi ne mai yawa, mai fasali. Ko da cikakken ripened 'ya'yan itace Cones ba shag, yi ado da rassan da matsakaici-sized bukukuwa na haske launin ruwan kasa. Cypress yawanci yana jaddada babban matsayin mai shi na gidan.
Capaƙƙarfan furanni na utabi'a, na kullun, pyramidal ko nau'in Arizona, winters sosai a cikin yanayin Babban Band, idan zafin jiki ya faɗo bai wuce -20 ° °. Consideredarancin da dwarf iri suna dauke da ya fi dacewa - sun fi sauƙi don rufe don hunturu.
Mafi kyawun wurin dasa shuki-inuwa ne, tare da ƙasa mai sako-sako da ba ta riƙe danshi. Dukkanin bishiyoyin bishiyoyi suna buƙatar buƙatu akan shayarwa, gumi iska da ƙaddamar da abubuwan gina jiki a cikin ƙasa.
Juniper
Shrub yana shafar nau'ikan nau'ikan da nau'ikansu. A yanayi, yana girma kusan ko'ina, in banda dusar ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara. M yadauka, kamar-itace - a yankuna masu ɗumi, ƙaunatattun bushes - akan tsaunin tsaunukan kuma yankuna masu sanyi.
Duk junipers suna matukar son rana, busasshiyar ƙasa tare da wuce gona da iri na dolomite, wanda zai iya girma a tsaunin dutse mai faɗi. Sun bambanta a cikin kambi na kambi - woody, bushy, creeping, launi da allura, launi da ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ba sa buƙatar kulawa ta musamman na lambun, amma suna da matuƙar buƙatu a kan yanayin shuka. 
Yankin Juniper
Thuja
Daya daga cikin tsofaffin tsire-tsire koyaushe ya shahara tare da mazauna bazara. Babban adorativeness, kambi mai sauƙin kafa, iska mai lafiya a cikin ƙasar, yiwuwar yaduwa ta hanyar itace sune manyan fa'idodin itacen. Yawancin thujas sun yi haƙuri da sanyi sosai, suna buƙatar tsari mai sauƙi ko girgiza kullun kan dusar kankara daga rassan.
Don ado amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan halitta - tare da kambi ko kambi mai siffar zobe, mai kama da siyayya da matsewa a ƙasa.
Hakanan karanta labarin game da dasa shuki thuja da kuma yadda ake shuka wannan shuka a gida.
Duk nau'ikan iri da iri sun jure yanayin inuwa, fari, da ruwa mai tsawo, muddin dai akwai magudanan ruwa mai kyau.
Kirkira
Bishiyoyi ba su bambanta da girma dabam - nau'ikan ƙasa ba sa yin girma fiye da mita ɗaya da rabi. Tsarin karami yana ba su damar dasa su cikin ƙananan filaye masu kyau.
Yankin yanayi mai tsauri na Rasha shine ya fi dacewa da fiskantar fishi, shi ma ya jagoranci unpretentiousness. Mafi wahalar girma shine nau'in Lavson, wanda bai yarda da yanayin sanyi ba. Heat-ƙauna iri dake jure wa motsi daga wuri zuwa wuri, suna girma a cikin tubs, suna watsar da su a cikin ɗaki mai dindindin na hunturu.
Kallitris
Subfamily mallakar gidan yanar gizo ne. Daga cikin nau'ikan 36, 30 masu banbanci ne, ba sa daidaitawa ko da a cikin yanayin ƙasa na Federationasar Rasha. Suna girma ne a cikin lambunan Botanical don dalilan kimiyya.
A matsayin kayan ado na shimfidar wuri, kallitris bashi da mahimmanci - kamanninsa kusan gaba daya yana sake maimaita tasoshin yanar gizo, amma barin sa yafi wuya.
Yew
Wakilan jinsunan suna zaune ne musamman a Arewacin Hemisphere. Kamar kowane conifers, suna riƙe da ɗanyen ganye mai ruɓi na shekara duk shekara. Tsire-tsire suna da ban sha'awa don tsawon rayuwarsu - sama da shekara dubu biyu da 'ya'yansu - kawai conifers waɗanda ke samar da berries maimakon cones.
Yew yana da rauni sosai sabunta - tsaba waɗanda suka faɗi daga itaciyar uwar kusan ba ta yi girma ba. Dalilin shi ne, zuriyar dabbobi na disiferous, lokacin da aka bazu, ya haɗu da abubuwan da ke kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
Yew
Don dalilai na kayan ado, 'yan ƙalilan ne kawai ke girma: gajere-gushi, Berry, spiky, Kanad. Kodayake da farko tsayin bishiyar yew ya wuce alamar mita 10, nau'in ƙaramin ya shayar da masu shayarwa. Jiki daga 30-100 cm tsayi ne sananne.
Yew na haƙuri da daskararru, ba shi da wata ma'ana ga haske. Gardenerswararrun lambu suna shuka shi a tsakanin sauran tsintsaye da tsaran itatuwa don rage haɗarin daskarewa. Yew ba ya son turɓaya na ruwa, ƙasa acidified, iska, fari, ƙura, iska gas. Hakanan, baya fitar da halayyar mai mai mahimmanci na duk abubuwan conifers, sabili da haka yana da darajar ado kawai. Yawancin yews suna da dukkanin bangarorin da ke sama kuma tushen sa mai guba ne!
Torreya
A shuka ba wuya girma a kan ƙasar mu - shi thermophilic, mafi dace da shi ne yanayin damina na Tekun Bahar Maliya na Caucasus. Mafi yawan nau'ikan jinsin sune nutmeg da nutty torrei.
Ana bred shi kaɗai don dalilai masu amfani - ƙwayayen ana cinyewa ne, kuma ana amfani dasu wajen samin zane-zanen da varnishes.
Torreya yana nemanta cikin kulawa, amma sabbin nau'ikan da suke da launin allura masu launin a hankali suna lashe zuciyar mazaunan bazara. Yana girma sosai akan kowane ƙasa, banda acidified mai ƙarfi. Bai nuna buƙatu ba don takin ƙasa. Yana son kyakkyawan haske, ingantaccen kariya daga iska. Ya yarda da matsakaici sanyi sosai, kawai mulching na akwati da'irar tare da lokacin farin ciki Layer na kwayoyin halitta ake bukata.
Araucariaceae
Ancientan tsohuwar gidan conifers, a cewar masana kimiyyar zamani, shekarun su ya wuce daruruwan miliyoyin shekaru. Yawancin janareto suna girma a Kudancin Kasa, kuma guda ɗaya - a Arewa. Tana zaune a cikin danshi mai zafi da kuma dazuzzukan daji masu kwari.
Agatis
Bishiyoyi, wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita 70, yana jure yanayin fari, yayi kyau cikin inuwa. A kasar gona dace loamy, sako-sako da, drained. Shuka cikin wurare masu fili da aka kiyaye su daga iska. Limitarancin zafin jiki shine -20 ° C.
Agatis yana da ban sha'awa a cikin siffofin ganye da yawa - daga kunkuntar kunkuntar nuna wa coniferous zuwa lanceolate.
Araucaria
Ba kamar agatis ba, araucaria ba ya jure sanyi kuma ana yin amfani da shi ne don namo gida. Samfuran "katako" ba safai ake yin girma sama da 2 m ba.
A cikin lambun, ana amfani da tukwane tare da araucaria don yin ado da gadaje fure ko dandamali, verandas tare da kyakkyawan shimfida haske.
Karanta ƙari game da araucaria da kulawa a nan.
Harshen Sequoias
Itace mafi girma da tsufa a duniya - sequoia yayi girma a cikin daji kawai a California (Amurka). Sakamakon kambi na conical an kafa shi ne a sararin samaniya, kawai lokaci-lokaci dan kadan ya jingina ƙasa, matsakaiciyar rayuwar shekaru kusan shekara dubu ɗaya da rabi.
A cikin bude ƙasa a latitude ɗinmu, itaciyar ba ta girma, tana buƙatar danshi mai yawa a cikin ƙasa da iska. Zaɓuɓɓukan cikin gida na Bonsai suna da kyau. Suna buƙatar haƙuri da kulawa da yawa, amma kyakkyawar kyakkyawa daga cikin abun da ke ciki ya zama duk wahala.
Mr. Mazaunin bazata yayi bayani
Bayan yanke shawarar dasa conifers da bushes a cikin Dacha, ana zaban seedlings a hankali. Don siye nema kawai ga gandun daji na musamman da ke kusa da nan. Wannan yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan tsarin tsiro, da karɓuwarsa ga yanayin damina na gida. Don siyan kayan dasawa a manyan cibiyoyin siyarwa - don haɗarin kashe kuɗin da aka kashe. A mafi yawancin lokuta, ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin karamin ingancin, an cika shi da takin mai magani da kwayoyin, za a kula da su na dogon lokaci, mai yiwuwa ba tare da nasara ba. Haka kuma, ba shi da siyan sikandarin dillalai daga masu siyar da kaya a kasuwa.Tare da seedling, zaku iya kawo kwari zuwa shafin cutar.
Domin abun da ke ciki na gonar ya kawo farin ciki, a hankali kayi nazarin ka'idojin dasa shuki da kowane iri ko iri daban-daban.
Tare da sigogi iri daya masu yawa, tsire-tsire irin na zamani sau da yawa sun bambanta sosai dangane da abun da ya shafi ƙasa, adadin haske da danshi.
Tare da gauraye dasa, an zaɓi tsire-tsire makwabta don yanayin yanayin haɓaka ya zo daidai da abubuwan da ake buƙata na conifers - iri ɗaya na ruwa da ƙa'idodin miya.
Ba duk conifers ba suna zaune tare cikin aminci tare da bishiyoyi masu raɗaɗi da furanni. Don kauce wa hana ƙurar shuke-shuke, a hankali bincika shawarwarin kwararru.
Ana dacewa da lamuran cikin gida, koran tekun Bahar Rum ko na Asiya, har da nau'ikan gida, ana amfani da su don dalilai masu zuwa:
- shinge, yanki na yanki;
- zane na wuraren ajiya, tuddai, dutsen rami;
- rabe-raben cakuda masu hade daga tsirrai.
- solos da rubuce-rubuce iri-iri;
- alleys.
