Kandyk (erythronium a Latin, canjin kare a cikin Turkic) wani tsiro ne mai tsalle-tsalle na dangin Lileiny. Yana girma a cikin tsaunukan Arewacin Amurka, Turai, Japan. A Rasha, ana rarrabawa a cikin Caucasus da Kudancin Siberiya. An san tsire-tsire a karni na 1st BC.
Akwai nau'ikan 29, wasu daga cikinsu suna girma a cikin lambuna kamar tsire-tsire na ornamental. Abubuwa uku da ba a san su ba suna cikin Littafin Ruwan Rasha.
Bayanin Kandyka
Yana da ƙarami a tsayi, 10-30 cm, ba sau da yawa, a ƙarƙashin mafi kyawun yanayi - 60 cm. Kwan fitila yana da elongated, cylindrical ko ovo. A gindin farfajiyar furanni furanni biyu ne masu tsawo wadanda ke kan junan su, wanda hakan ya sa shuka ya zama mafi kyan gani kuma ya jaddada kyawun furanni.
Furen, a matsayin mai mulkin, yana da aure, babba tare da dogayen fure shida da aka tattara a cikin karrarawa rataye ƙasa. Gashinan abubuwan karafa suna lanƙwasa kyawawa sama. Ya yi kama da kullun fure na cikin gida ko ƙaramin ruwan Lily.
Flow ya fara a cikin watan Afrilu-Mayu kuma zai ɗauki makonni 2-3. Haka kuma, kowane fure yana buɗewa da sauri, a zahiri idanunmu da fure don kwanaki 8. Bayan an kirkiro 'ya'yan itacen a cikin nau'i na akwatin tare da tsaba da yawa. Amma yanayin rayuwa a cikin Erythronium gajere ne, kayan kore na shuka sun bushe kuma sun mutu tuni a rabin rabin lokacin bazara.
Dankin kuwa shine shuka mai yawan zuma kuma ya ba da suna sosai ga farkon mayukan zuma. Kandyk zuma an tattara ta ƙudan zuma a cikin Altai da Siberia. A cikin nau'in ruwa, duhu ne mai launi, amma lu'ulu'u da sauri sosai kuma a lokaci guda na haskakawa ga inuwa na madarar gasa. Yana da dandano mai ban mamaki da kaddarorin warkarwa.
Don dalilai na likita, ana amfani da digo na erythronium. Suna magance cututtukan fata, rashin ƙarfi, cututtukan huhu.
A cikin aikin lambu, kandyk yana girma cikin farin ciki na mutum ko a tsaunukan tsayi tare da wasu tsaffin kayan abinci. An ƙara amfani dashi don distillation tare da tulips da hyacinths. Furanni ba su shude na dogon lokaci a yanka, saboda haka ana amfani dasu don abubuwan murɗaɗɗun fure na fure.
Iri da nau'in erythronium
| Dubawa | Bayanin | Bar Furanni | Iri daban-daban |
| Turai | Yafi son yin girma a cikin dazuzzuka da dazuzzuzuka daga cikin tsaunukan Turai. Ana samunsa a cikin tsaunukan Alps da yammacin Ukraine. Kara ne mai ruwan hoda mai haske, 10-30 cm tsayi. | Wide, kunkuntar zuwa kasan, kore da aibobi masu launin shuɗi. An yi nuni da dabbobi, an soke su sosai. Pink, shunayya, tare da farin cibiya. |
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| Siberiyanci | Ana samunsa a kudanci Siber da Mangolia. Kwan fitila a siffar tana kama da firam mai kama da kayan farauta. Height daga 12 zuwa 35 cm ne Yana jure sanyi har zuwa -50 ° C. | A cikin sifar gwiwar hannu, tare da ƙarshen nuna. Green, marmara, tare da jan launin shuɗi. 8 cm a diamita, fari, ruwan hoda, lilac tare da farin rawaya. |
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| Tuolumni | Yana girma gabaɗaya a cikin Sierra Nevada. 30-40 cm tsayi. | A kan petiole, kore kore, har zuwa 30 cm. A kan farfajiyar zinare da dama na launin zinare tare da gwal mai launin kore. |
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| Kalifoniya | Ya girma a cikin gandun daji na California. | Tare, tare da ƙarshen zagaye. Spotted, 10 cm tsayi. Daya ko fiye da kowace shuka. White-cream tare da bakin orange. |
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| Jafananci | Rarraba a tsibirin Kuril, Sakhalin, Japan, Korea. Ba ya yarda da zafi. | Tatsuniya, har zuwa 12 cm tsayi. ,Aya, tsintsiya, launin shuɗi. | Ba ya Rare, da aka jera a cikin Littafin Rubutu. |
| Caucasian | Haya daga duwatsun yammacin Transcaucasia. Kwararan fitila suna silili ne. Kara 25 cm tsayi .. M zuwa sanyi. | Ovoid, bluish, tabo. Fari, wani lokacin launin rawaya. Tsakanin ja-orange ne. |
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| Ba’amurke | Shuka daji a cikin duwatsun Amurka da Kanada | Tare, tare da launin ruwan kasa. Tsawon 20 cm, nisa 5 cm. Haske mai haske. Peduncle 30 cm. |
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Tsarin dasa bishiyar Erythronium
Erythronium yana nufin farkon tsire-tsire na fure. An noma shi a wurare masu inuwa, a gefen arewa na lambun, a ƙarƙashin rawanin bishiyoyi da ciyayi waɗanda suke kare shi daga rana.
Saukowa yana gudana a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na bazara. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, dasa kayan hibernates lafiya, kuma a cikin bazara, amfanin gona ke tsiro.
Isasa ake buƙata ɗanye, peat, sako-sako da ɗanɗano kaɗan sama da na al'ada. Matsakaicin girman humus, yashi kogin ya dace.
Makonni 2 kafin dasawa, kuna buƙatar takin shafin. Don yin wannan, ɗauki 1 m2:
- 200 g na cin abinci kashi;
- 150 g na superphosphate;
- 100 g na dunƙule alli.
- 30 g na saltpeter.
Kandyk ana yaduwar shi ta zuriya da yara. Lokacin da akwatin ya fashe, idan ka rasa lokacin, iri zai fadi a ƙasa. Sabili da haka, don tara su ba tare da asara ba, ana bada shawara don yanke akwatunan marasa ɗanɗano dan kadan kuma bushe su a kan duwatsun a cikin busassun bushe, iska mai iska.
Ana yin maganin ƙasa daga tururuwa don kada su ja tsaba.
Don amfanin gona, ana yin furrows a nesa na 10 cm daga juna tare da zurfin of 3 cm. Ana sanya tsaba a kowane 5 cm, suna barci kuma ana shayar da su sosai. 
Yaduwa da kandyka tsaba
A cikin bazara harbe ya bayyana. Shuke-shuke da aka shuka ta wannan hanyar za su yi fure a cikin shekaru 4-5. Kandyk ya kasance na manyan kankara kuma yana daya daga cikin kyawawan dusar kankara.
A farkon bazara, tsawo na harbi ya kamata ya zama akalla cm 4 In ba haka ba, ana buƙatar riguna na sama da haɓaka mai ban ruwa. Ta hanyar kwararan fitila na kaka an kafa su tare da diamita na 4 cm. A cikin shekara ta biyu, suna ƙaruwa zuwa girman 7 cm.Domin kaka na uku, kwan fitila ya ɗauki siffar silinda, ya yi girma zuwa 8 cm a diamita kuma ya bar kansa cikin zurfin ƙasa - by 7-10 cm.
Kuna iya shuka tsaba a cikin bazara. Amma a lokaci guda, don haɓaka germination, dole ne a ƙirƙiri hunturu na wucin gadi. Don yin wannan, an sanya su cikin jakar filastik tare da peat rigar an sanya su a cikin firiji don watanni 2-3.
Yankin Erythronium ana shuka shi a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 10-15 cm, iri na Amurka mai zurfi - har zuwa 16-20 cm, an rufe shi da tsarin ciyawa kuma an shayar da shi sosai. Ta wannan hanyar yaduwa, tsire-tsire suna yin fure a shekara mai zuwa. 
Kandyka kiwo da yara
Kuna iya shuka seedlings a gida a cikin kwalaye a ƙarƙashin fim. Ana shuka tsaba a nesa na 2-3 cm daga juna. Bayan fitowar, an cire fim ɗin.
Lokacin da fure suka yi ƙarfi, ana fitar da su na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa titi don taurara. Bayan ƙasa ta thaws kuma tayi zafi, ana shuka shuka a wuri mai ɗorewa.
Kulawar Kandyk a cikin Lambun
Kula da tsire-tsire ba a buƙata ba. Watering ne mai wuya. Idan kasar gona ke mulched, weeding da loosening ba su da ake bukata.
A cikin shekarar farko, ba a ciyar da tumatir na kandyk, tun kafin a dasa shuki, an riga an riga an aiwatar da shirye-shiryen ƙasa da kayan miya. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana amfani da takin ma'adinai na al'ada don tsire-tsire na fure mai tsire-tsire.
Bayan shekaru 4-5 na fure, ciyawar kandyka suna girma a cikin ɓoyayyen ƙasa, kuma suna buƙatar a dasa su. Wannan ya kamata a yi bayan shuka ya fadi ya huta kadan - a watan Yuli-Agusta.
Eterayyade cewa daji yana shirye don dasawa ta hanyar ganye mai launin rawaya da iri. Ana haƙa bushes ɗin, yara a hankali sun rabu da babban kwan fitila. An watsar da wuraren fashewa da baƙin ƙarfe.
Sabbin kwararan fitila suna buƙatar dasa shi nan da nan, saboda suna bushewa da sauri kuma zasu iya tsayawa a cikin iska ba fiye da kwana ɗaya ba, idan an shirya dasa shuki bayan ɗan lokaci, ko kuma ana buƙatar jigilar kayan ƙwaya, an adana yaran a cikin kwantena tare da yashi, rigar ko gansakuka. Saboda haka, kwararan fitila matasa zasu iya kwana 20.
Erythronium a cikin hunturu
Dankin shine Hardy hunturu. Tana bushewa da kyau a buɗe ƙasa. Sai kawai idan ana tsammanin hunturu za ta yi sanyi kuma ba tare da dusar ƙanƙara ba, an rufe amfanin gona da rassan spruce ko ganye mai bushe.
Irin wannan tsari zai riƙe danshi sosai a bazara, saboda haka ana cire shi ne kawai bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke gaba ɗaya.
Cutar da kwari
Kandyk kusan ba shi da saukin kamuwa da cuta. Lalacewa a gare shi na iya lalacewa ta hanyar kwari da ƙwayoyin dabbobi da ke zaune a ƙasa: bear, moles, shrus.
Yin gwagwarmayar da wadannan kwari ne quite m. Don guje wa amfani da guba da aikatawa ba tare da kashe kuɗi mai girma ba, zaku iya amfani da hanyoyin kariya na mutuntaka da mutuntaka.
Clutches na beyar za a lalata idan ƙasa tsakanin tsire-tsire ta kwance 10-15 cm zurfi. Idan za ta yiwu, kwalban kwalban filastik daga ɓangarorin biyu a cikin sigar silinda aka girka a kusa da kowane daji. Saboda haka kwari ba za su isa ga kwararan fitila ba.
Moles da shull suna jin tsoro da taimakon na'urorin da aka inganta. Wajibi ne a ɗauki sanduna na baƙin ƙarfe 1-1.5 m, tare da su a cikin ƙasa a cikin wuraren da sandunan ƙarfe suka tara rabi.
Sanya kwalin gwangwani na giya ko Coca-Cola a saman ƙarshen kyauta. Bankin zai yi rudani daga iska, za a watsa shi da girgiza tare da sandar ƙarfe kuma ya tsoratar da dabbobi.
Yatsar da aka yiwa fitsari a cikin ƙura suma suna kwance kai tsaye a cikin burrows. Wannan kamshin da gaske ba ya son moles da shhir. Za a tilasta su barin shafin.
Don kada kwari su kashe duk tsirrai baki daya, zai fi kyau a dasa su a wurare da yawa na gonar da suke nesa da juna.
