Ga ƙwararrun lambu, grafting hanya ce mai dacewa kuma amintacciya wacce za ku iya yaduwa iri-iri da kuke so, ƙara pollinator, ƙara juriya na sanyi na itacen ,a fruitan itace, kuma a sauƙaƙe tarin tarin ku. Wannan hanyar tana tsoratar da masu farawa tare da kamala masu kama. Tabbas, yin rigakafin ba shine mafi sauƙin aiki ba, amma har ma da sanin halayen tsire-tsire masu laushi, hanyoyin da suka dace da kwanan wata, har ma da wani mai aikin lambu mai novice zai mallaki wannan ilimin kuma ya jimre da aikin.
Sharuɗɗan allurar rigakafin ƙwayar cuta
Mafi kyawun lokacin don yin allurar ceri shine farkon bazara. An liƙe a ƙarshen Maris ko a watan Afrilu, kafin budding, ganyen suna da mafi girman rayuwa. Alurar riga kafi za'a iya aiwatar da ita a rabin rabin bazara, kuma a yankuna na kudanci koda a lokacin hunturu, amma yawan fitina awannan lokacin yafi raguwa. Gaskiyar ita ce ambaliyar ruwan bazara na inganta rayuwar 'yan itacen. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa mai lambu zai iya tabbatar da nasarar nasarar aikin. Idan bayan makonni 2 buds sun kumbura akan scion, to komai ya lalace. In ba haka ba, zaku iya sake gwadawa a lokacin rani.
Adult fruiting plum - kayan ado na lambu
Babban hanyoyin maganin alurar riga kafi
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin rigakafin bishiyoyi. Yin amfani da su ya dogara da dalilai daban-daban - girman da adadin cuttings, amfanin gona mai laushi, lokacin aiki da gwaninta na lambu.
Mafi sau da yawa fiye da wasu, ana amfani da budding, al'ada da haɓaka daidaituwa, da kuma alurar riga kafi don haushi ko tsagewa.
Cowling shine inoculation na yanke koda daya tare da wani ɓangare na bawo. Wannan wataƙila ita ce hanya mafi inganci - ƙwararrun koda da aka sauƙaƙe yana ɗaukar tushe, yayin da kusan babu rauni, kuma idan akwai rigakafin rashin nasara, wannan reshe na iya sake jan hankali. Wannan hanyar yana da mahimmanci musamman tare da iyakataccen adadin yankan - bayan duk, koda ɗaya ne kawai ake buƙata don scion.
Hanyar alurar riga kafi:
- An yi maɓallin T-mai siffa a kan tushen dabino a gefen arewa kuma an danƙaɗa murfin a hankali da wuka.
- A kan scion, an yanke koda tare da garkuwa - wuka a lokaci guda yana gudana a layi daya zuwa makama.
- An saka garkuwar garkuwa da ƙyallen daga cikin abin da ke cikin tushen dabbobi kuma a nannade ta a fim, a ƙone koda.
Bayan fashewa, irin wannan alurar riga kafi yana ɗaukar nau'in ido ko ido, saboda haka sunan - budding.
Cowling yana baka damar samun wari dayawa daga shank daya
Puwararrun daidaitattun daidaituwa da haɓaka - maɓallin grafting, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don rootstock na bakin ciki. Iyakar abin da ke jawowa ko kuma rashin dacewar wannan hanyar ita ce cewa jari da scion ya kamata su zama ɗaya diamita. Sauran suna da sauki. A cikin daidaituwa na yau da kullun akan jari da scion, ana yin sassan yanki iri ɗaya, hade kuma an nannade su da fim (Fig. 1). Idan an inganta, ana yanke ƙarin harshen akan kowane yanki (Fig. 2). Lokacin haɗuwa da yanka, shafuka suna aiki, suna samar da wani irin dutsen.
Alurar riga kafi ta bazara tare da copulation yana bada sakamako mai kyau
Alurar riga kafi don haushi ko tsagewa ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi, don haka lambu mafi ƙaranci galibi yakan fara da shi. An yanke graft ɗin ƙuƙwalwa tare da wannan hanyar a cikin nau'i na weji kuma an saka shi cikin kwalliyar jari.
Rarraba alurar riga kafi hanya ce mai sauki kuma amintacciya.
Nasarar rigakafin ya dogara da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su. Dole a saƙa wuƙa don a yanka sare a cikin motsi ɗaya. A m kayan aiki ba zai iya samun wani m lebur, kuma scion tare da hannun jari ba zai sami m taba. Don waɗannan dalilai, yana da kyau ku sayi wuka na musamman a cikin lambun.
Kayan aiki tare da wuƙaƙe don hanyoyi daban-daban na grafting zai sa aikin lambu ya zama mai sauƙi
Don gyara maganin, kuna buƙatar fim. Kuna iya amfani da polyethylene na abinci na yau da kullun, a yanka a cikin tsummoki mai tsayi 2 cm, ko kuma tef ɗin wutar lantarki, amma kuna buƙatar gurɓata shi tare da gefen m.
Don rufe sassan buɗe, kuna buƙatar gonar var. Sun rufe saman scion da yanke daga cikin m rassan.
Bidiyo: ceri plum - yadda ake yin allurar daidai
Menene alurar riga kafi da ruwan ceri
Plum plum, musamman ma a yankuna na arewacin, shine ƙarancin ciyawar mai wahalar shukawa. Wannan tsire-tsire na thermophilic zai iya wahala a lokacin sanyi ko lokacin canje-canje kwatsam a zazzabi. Irin waɗannan bala'in yanayin ba a nuna su a cikin amfanin gona a hanya mafi kyau. Yin allurar rigakafin zai taimaka wajen shawo kan lamarin, babban abin shine a zabi hannun jari.
Mafi nasara sune rigakafin tsakanin tsirrai masu alaƙa, da kusancin kusanci, mafi kyau. Zai fi dacewa, lokacin da aka dasa ƙwayoyin ceri na ƙwayar ceri a kan ƙwayar ceri cherry, girbi plum, akan harbe plum da sauransu. Kuma alurar riga kafi tsakanin 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban ma ana iya yiwuwa, amma rayuwa koyaushe ba 100% bane.
Cherry plum, grafted uwa ceri, ya ɗauki tushen da bloomed na gaba shekara.
Plaƙwalwar ƙwayar itace itace 'ya'yan itace mai dutse, wanda ke nufin cewa mafi kyawun shuka shi akan bishiyar mai dangantaka. Cherry da apricot sun dace da rootstock, da peach a cikin yankuna na kudu, amma don haɓakar juriya na shuka, ya fi kyau dasa plum, juya, ƙaya ko ceri plum a kan wadanda ke gida. Koyaushe, idan yana yiwuwa a zaɓi hannun jari, fifiko ya kamata a bai wa tsire-tsire da aka girma daga zuriya ko daga ƙarancin ciyawa.
Shiri da adana ganyen
Scion cuttings ana girbe a ƙarshen kaka, bayan ganye fall. A gefen kudu na itaciya - wannan shi ne inda mafi karfi kuma mafi yawan bishiyoyi ke zama, yanke harbe shekara shekara 35-45 cm tsawo tare da gajeren internodes. A kan hannun yakamata a samu aƙalla ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta 5. An cire sauran ganye, kuma an sanya rassan a cikin bunches ta iri iri kuma alamun haɗe suna tare da sunan. Kuna iya adana su a cikin ginshiki a yanayin zafi daga 0game daC zuwa +2game daC ko a cikin firiji, riga an nannade shi da rigar zane kuma an sanya shi cikin jakar filastik. Lokacin da isasshen dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗi, zaku iya canja wurin kunshin tare da yankuna zuwa gonar kuma ku tono ta, jefa ƙananan dusar kankara kan.
Don samun nasara ga alurar riga kafi, dole ne a yanke itace daga bishiyar lafiyayyen itace. Kauri daga cikin yakamata yakamata kada ya zama bakin ciki fiye da fensir, amma kuma lokacin farin ciki harbe shima ba'a sonshi.
Abubuwan da aka girbe an girbe su ta hanyar maki, an sa hannu a ciki kuma an watsar da su don ajiya
Yadda za a dasa ceri plum a kan plum
Ana buƙatar ƙwayar pollinators na cherry don tsarin 'ya'yan itace; saboda haka, yana da kyau a dasa shuki da dama iri daban-daban. Idan ana iya samun graft na grafting na lokaci daban daban na itace, to, itacen da aka lika zai kara lokacin girbi. Koyaya, dole ne a tuna cewa irin waɗannan abubuwan al'ajabin suna rayuwa sama da shekaru 10, tunda tsarin rigakafin nau'ikan ya bambanta, kuma idan reshe ɗaya ya ba da 'ya'yan itace kuma wani yana shirin fure, to, an jaddada itacen. Mafi kyawun hannun jari don ceri plum sune Kanad, Sinawa da Ussuri plums.
Cherry plum zai fi kyau dasa a kan plum seedling. Alurar riga kafi a cikin kambi ne kuma zai yiwu, amma a kan lokaci lokaci plum itace na iya mamaye plum stock a girma da itacen zai dauki kan mummuna siffar.
A matsayin jari don ceri plum, wani matashi plum, har zuwa shekaru 5, ya dace. An fi yin rigakafin a ƙarshen Maris ko farkon Afrilu, a bushe, yanayi mai dumi. Yana da mahimmanci don aiwatar da hanya kafin buds su fara fure a kan plum da ceri plum. A kan tushen ƙwayar cuta, ana bada shawara don yin alurar riga kafi da yawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban - wannan zai ƙara yawan damar samun nasarar aiki.
Alurar riga kafi itace plum tayi nasara
Inoculation na ceri plum a tsaga
Don rigakafin bazara na ceri plum a kan plum, hanyar a cikin tsaga shine mafi nasara. Ko da 'yan lambu marasa ƙwarewa suna jimre da shi.
Kuna buƙatar farawa ta hanyar zaɓar abin talla don scion (ceri plum) da kuma rassan rootstock (plum). Idan mai yiwuwa ne a zabi harbe na daya diamita saboda haka, bayan haɗu, ƙusoshin cadmium sun zo daidai, tabbas zai sami nasara. Amma koda da lokacin farin ciki, grafting yawanci yakan yi nasara idan an haɗa daskararren cadmium aƙalla a gefe ɗaya.
Tsarin aiki
- Zaɓi hannun jari kuma ka rage sirrinta zuwa tsawon da ake so.
- Tare da wuka mai kaifi, a cikin motsi ɗaya sa yanke kwance a kan hannun jari.
- Bayan saita sa wuka a yanki, a raba reshen rootstock zuwa zurfin cm 3 Wannan ya kamata a yi a hankali, a ɗan girgiza wuƙa don kada a zurfafa daraja.
- Nuna ƙarshen abin ƙyamar a ɓangarorin biyu a cikin nau'in zare. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar shirya yanka a cikin wannan hanyar cewa bayan alurar riga kafi, ƙananan ƙwayar fata suna kallo. Kowane yanki ana yin shi ne a cikin motsi guda. Tsawon lokacin da aka yanke ya zama kusan 3 cm.
- Saka scion cikin rukunin hannun jari, a hankali ka tura shi zuwa zurfin da ake so.
- Haɗa gefuna don cadmium tayi dacewa a gefe ɗaya.
- Kunsa maganin a hankali tare da fim ko tef na wutar lantarki, yin amfani da gefen m na ƙarshe na waje.
- A datsa ganyen na alli 3-4, kuma a cire duk rassan da ke ƙasa da keɓaɓɓun graft ɗin. Wajibi ne a rufe wuraren yanka da gonar var.
- Kunsa maganin a saman tare da wani yanki na agrofibre kuma saka jakar filastik - wannan zai kare shi daga kunar rana a jiki da asarar danshi.
Hanyar rarrabuwa yana ba da sakamako mai kyau tare da rigakafin bazara na ceri cherry
Bayan makonni 2-3, lokacin da ganye suka fara toho, za a iya cire mafaka. Zai yiwu a cire fim ko tef na lantarki kawai bayan scion ya girma da 20-25 cm. Dole ne a cire harbe da ke fitowa a kan jari don dukkanin sojojin shuka su sami abinci mai kyau na kunar.
Akwai wani zaɓi don alurar riga kafi a cikin tsaga. A batun yayin da aka dauki reshe mai kauri ko itace dunkule don hannun jari, to sai a shigar da scion biyu da wani weji a cikin wajan, kamar yadda yake a farkon magana. Yana da mahimmanci la'akari da cewa lokacin farin ciki mai zurfi da haushi zasu kasance mai kauri fiye da wanda aka liƙa, saboda haka kuna buƙatar haɗa layuka na cambium. An rufe rigakafin tare da tef na lantarki, kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya, kuma an rufe sassan budewa tare da lambun var. Sau da yawa, irin wannan maganin yana taimakawa ajiyar bishiyar mutuwa a cikin ɓangaren iska mai rauni.
Lokacin grafting guda biyu cikin kashi, yana da mahimmanci a haɗu da gefunan waje na jari da scion
Abinda aka yi wa rigakafin ceri plum
A matsayin jari na plum, ceri plum shine mafi yawan amfanin gona mafi dacewa don 'ya'yan itace dutse. Yawancin cutn da aka liƙa akan wannan bishiyar suna da tushe sosai, daga baya kuma suka fitar da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi da daɗin rai. Mafi yawancin lokuta a tsakiyar Rasha, plums, cherries, cherries da apricots ana shuka su akan plry plum. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, an kara peach da nectarine a duk waɗannan albarkatu, kodayake peach da almond sune mafi kyawun jari a gare su, amma plry plum shima zaɓi ne mai kyau.
Apricot grafted on ceri plum ƙara ƙarfin hali da kuma inganta ingancin 'ya'yan itacen
Allurar rigakafin ƙwayar ceri zata ƙara jimiri da juriya na sanyi zuwa cherries, plums da apricots, amma a ƙarƙashin maganin zai yi girma akan ƙwayar ceri - wannan watakila shine kawai mara kyau. Apricot, ba tare da la'akari da tushen abincin da aka zaba ba, yana ɗaukar tushe mafi muni daga wasu albarkatu, sabili da haka, wajibi ne don yin rigakafin irin wannan rike musamman a hankali kuma daidai.
Bidiyo: rigakafin ƙwayar plum a kan ceri ceri
Na dade da zama a gare ni cewa dasa bishiyoyi shine yawancin ƙwararrun lambu kuma ba zan iya jimre wa irin wannan aiki ba. Don haka ban ma gwada yin shi ba. Amma haka ya faru cewa daga cikin bishiyoyi da yawa da aka dasa a cikin lambu na, mutum ɗaya ne ya tsira, kuma mafi ƙimar - nau'in hunturu da 'ya'yan itatuwa akan shi, wanda zai iya faɗi, wanda ba a iya sawa. Kuma a nan, idan kuna so, ba ku son, amma dole ne ku mallaki maganin - itaciyar tana da kyau, tana da ƙarfi, tana ɗaukar sararin samaniya. Bayan karanta littattafai game da hanyoyi daban-daban, na zaɓi wa kaina abin da ya fi sauƙi - rigakafi a cikin ɓoye. Da farko, na yanke shawarar yin addini a kan rassan inabi - an bar su gaba daya bayan an gama girki. Da farko, ba shi yiwuwa a yi yankan yanke. Babban abu anan shine wuka, dacewa kuma mai kaifi sosai. Lokacin da na sami kayan aikin da suka dace, abubuwa sun fi nishaɗi. Na dasa nau'ikan nau'ikan guda uku akan wannan bishiyar apple kuma kowa ya sami tushe. Ban girbe ciyawar ba don hunturu, amma na ɗauke su a cikin bazara daga maƙwabta na kuma dasa su nan da nan. Ya juya - duk mai yiwuwa ne. Subaya daga cikin dabara da gogaggen lambu ya gaya mani game da shi ne cewa a kowane hali ya kamata ka taba rootstock da scion grafts da hannuwanku. Alurar riga kafi aiki ne, don haka maƙarƙashiya yayin aikin ya zama kamar a cikin dakin aiki. Bayan haka, na yi gwaje-gwaje tare da plum da ceri plum - yawancin allurar ta ɗauki tushe, kodayake ba tare da asara ba. Yanzu, lokacin da hannuna ya cika, apricot yana bi da bi - Zan yi kokarin dasa Ussuri kuma na ji cherries a kan plum. Ina ganin komai zai yi kyau.
Alurar riga kafi abu ne mai wahala amma aiki mai ban sha'awa ga mai lambu. Wataƙila ba duk abin da zai yi aiki da farko, amma ƙwarewar za ta zo da gwaninta da ilimi. Babban abu shine farawa kuma kada ku ji tsoron yin gwaji. Bayan kasawa - don sake gwadawa, amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kuma sau ɗaya, apricots masu girma a kan ƙwayar ceri, ko cherries mai dadi akan plum, zaku ji kamar lambu na sabon matakin.
