Abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da squash da haɓakar su

Squash mallakar gida ɗaya ne kamar pumpkins da zucchini, sanannu ne ga yawancin lambu. Amma ba za su iya yin fahariya da shahara iri ɗaya kamar “dangi”. Saboda wasu dalilai, al'adar ana ɗaukar ta ƙazantacce kuma ana buƙatar kulawa, kodayake wannan ba gaskiya bane. Duk wanda ya sami nasarar shuka zucchini, zai sami amfanin squash ba tare da wata matsala ba. Daga cikin nau'ikan da ake da su, kowane mai lambu zai iya samun wanda ya fi dacewa da shi, yana mai da hankali kan bayyanar 'ya'yan itacen, yawan aiki, juriya sanyi, da sauran mahimman abubuwan.

Yadda squash yakeyi da abin da yake da amfani

Patisson shine tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara ko ɗan gandun daji na dangin Suman. Abokan 'yan uwanta mafi kusa, kabewa da zucchini sun daɗe da sanin su ga masu lambu. Yawancin masana ilimin halittar dabbobi suna daukar Kudancin Amurka a matsayin wurin haifuwar squash, kodayake akwai shaidar cewa an shuka wannan shuka a tsohuwar Egypt. Ya zuwa yanzu, ba a samo squash na daji a cikin yanayi ba, don haka tambayar ta kasance a bayyane.

Turai ta haɗu da su a lokacin zamanin manyan binciken ƙasa. Ma'aikatan jirgin ruwan Sifen ne suka kawo wannan gonar ta mahaifarsu. Yanayin Bahar Rum ya kusanci ga al'adun, kuma da sauri ya sami sananne. Yanzu squash kusan bangare ne na abincin Faransa. Koda sunan sananne ya fito ne daga faransanci na Faransanci (kek), wanda ke bayanin siffar 'ya'yan itacen. Kuma squash mafi yawanci ana kiranta "pumpkins-dimbin yawa."

Wani kayan lambu mai ban sha'awa ya zo Rasha a karni na 17. Wannan ba za a faɗi cewa al'ada ta ƙaunaci kai tsaye ba har abada, duk da haka, bayan shekara ɗari biyu, ana iya samun squash har ma a Siberia. Suna da kyau saba da yanayin canjin yanayi. Kodayake juriyarsu sanyi irin wannan ne yawancin yawancin nau'ikan bazai jure ko da raguwa na lokacin-zafi zuwa dabi'u marasa kyau ba.

Dankin yana da cikakken m, lashes gajere ne. Ganyen suna da girma, masu wahala ga taɓawa, an rufe su da "villi" da ba a sani ba. Furannin fure sune keɓe, shuɗi mai launin shuɗi, a siffar kama da kararrawa. Suna da jinsi guda, sabili da haka, don 'ya'yan itaciyar su fara, inji yana buƙatar "taimako" na kwari ko mai lambu.

Squash bushes yawanci quite m

'Ya'yan itacen squash sune kabewa. Ididdigar ta bambanta daga 250-300 g zuwa 800-1000 g, diamita - daga 7-10 cm zuwa 25-30 cm.Ki yi jinkirin girbi. Da ya fi girma squash zama, da fata fata ta coarsens. A ɓangaren litattafan almara zama audy, kusan m. Irin waɗannan samfuran za'a iya amfani dasu kawai don tara tsaba, idan nau'ikan da aka horar da su ba matasan bane.

Furannin squash suna da jinsi-daya, pollination bashi yiwuwa ba tare da taimakon waje ba.

Mafi yawan lokuta, ana fentin fata da fararen fata, letas ko duhu kore. Amma shayarwa na bred yellow, orange, purple, squash squash. Siffar 'ya'yan itacen yayi kama da farantin ko kwano. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai laushi, tare da ɗan ɗanɗano ƙanshi mai ɗanɗano. Kodayake wasu abinci sun ce ɗanɗano squash yana tunatar da su da bishiyar asparagus ko artichokes.

Yawan nau'in squash sun bambanta da launin fatar fata da sifar tayi

Ana amfani da squash sosai a dafa abinci. Zasu iya maye gurbin zucchini a kowane girke-girke. Siffar sabon abu daga 'ya'yan itace yasa ya dace da shaƙewa. Dukkanin squash da matasa suna zuwa abinci. A karshen za a iya ci abinci raw. 'Ya'yan itacen ne kwanaki 7-10 waɗanda suka kai diamita na 5-7 cm, ana ƙimarsu da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana. Suna kuma stewed, soyayyen, pickled, salted.

Squash cushe da nama, kayan lambu, shinkafa, siffar 'ya'yan itacen don wannan ya dace sosai

Squash ba kawai dadi ba ne, har ma da lafiya. Dankalin yana da wadatar abinci a cikin pectin, fiber, furotin, abinci mai kitse, glucose da fructose. An sha da sauri kuma yana taimakawa wajen narke abinci mai nauyi. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka gano, ana iya lura da kasancewar potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, alli, jan ƙarfe, baƙin ƙarfe, zinc, cobalt, da kuma sodium. Abubuwan da ke cikin bitamin na kungiyoyi B, C, E, PP squash sun fi pumpkins da squash. Withan bambanta tare da peels na rawaya suna da wadatar carotenoids da lutein. Wannan antioxidant na halitta yana taimakawa haɓaka haɗakar jini (musamman tare da rashi haemoglobin), ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, kuma yana da amfani mai amfani akan hangen nesa.

Abincin squash ya dade da sanin kuma tabbatar da inganci. Babban samfurinsa ana iya maye gurbinsa da squash. Suma suna da karancin adadin kuzari. Masana ilimin abinci sun ba da shawarar cin 'ya'yan itatuwa don rigakafin cututtukan cututtukan zuciya, daidaituwar hanji, da matsalolin koda da hanta. Squash hypoallergenic, puree daga gare su ya dace har ma da yara ƙanana. Iyakar abin da contraindication ne mutum rashin haƙuri.

Za a iya kwatanta ƙwayar squash don lecithin tare da ƙwai. Amfani ne na furotin mai mahimmanci ga masu cin ganyayyaki. Foda daga gare su yana taimakawa wajen daidaita ayyukan endocrine da tsarin juyayi. Ruwan Juice da kyau yana kawar da yawan sallolin ruwa da ruwa mai yawa daga jiki. Amfani da shi na yau da kullun shine ingantaccen rigakafin cutar koda. Kyakkyawan diuretic da laxative mai laushi yana daɗaɗa mashin.

Naman squash yana da kyau sosai ga lafiya, ana kuma amfani da tsabarta a magungunan mutane

Rarraba squash daga zucchini abu ne mai sauki. Kawai kalli 'ya'yan itatuwa. Idan zamuyi magana game da ƙarancin bambance-bambancen m, squash bushes sun fi m, ganye sun fi ƙanana. Ruwan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na denser, yana da nasa shela, dandano mai yawa. Amma zucchini sosai fi squash a yawan aiki da precocity.

Bidiyo: squash da amfanin lafiyar su

Iri-iri-iri daban-daban tsakanin shahararrun lambu

Patisson al'ada ce ta shahara ga masu shayarwa. Sun yi birgima da varietiesan iri da kuma hybrids, dabam dabam a cikin launi fata da kuma siffar tayin.

Mafi sau da yawa, nau'in waɗannan squash masu zuwa suna girma:

• Farin 13. varietyannun matsakaici-iri, an bred a tsakiyar 60s na ƙarni na karshe. Har yanzu an dauki ɗayan mafi kyawun don girma ba tare da tsari ba. Bambanci a cikin unpretentiousness a cikin barin (ko da a kan tushen "dangi") da sanyi juriya. Yawan aiki - 3-5 kilogiram a kowane daji. Cikakken squash mai cikakken nauyi yakai 400-500 g, fruitsan'yan matashi - 90-100 g. A sifar da suke kama da farantin, “cloves” gefen gefen ana raunana su. Fata farar fata ne ko salatin fata, mai sheki. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun tono kwanaki 65-70 bayan fitowar su.
• Ummi Kashi na farko. Girbi ya farfado cikin kwanaki 45-50. Kuna iya dogaro akan 4-5 kg ​​/ m². A inji shi ne mai matukar karfi, Semi-daji. 'Ya'yan itacen suna kama da kararrawa, saman ya kasance mai laushi sosai. Fatar ta yi fari ko launin kore. Yana da bakin ciki, sabili da haka, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba su bambanta a cikin lightness da transportability. Matsakaicin adadin squash shine 300-400 g, diamita shine 10-12 cm.
• Fitar. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an girbe su kwanaki 40-50 bayan fitowar su. Siffar squash mai siffa, tare da rarrabuwa rarrabuwa zuwa sassan, “denticles” gefen gefen kusan ba'a iya ganin su. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 350-400 g .. Fatar fata fari ce. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne matsakaici yawa, ba musamman m. An adana 'ya'yan itacen sosai, na iya wucewa har tsakiyar lokacin hunturu. Wani babban koma-baya shine dabi'ar cutar mildew mai narkewa.
• Cheburashka. Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan farko, daga fitowar seedlings zuwa 'ya'yan itãcen kai zuwa ga balaga fasaha, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 39. A inji mai ƙarfi, siffofin har zuwa takwas lashes. Yawan tayin shine 200-400 g, diamita shine 9-10 cm, fatar fata fari ce, bakin ciki. Nama yana dusar dusar ƙanƙara fari, mai saurin rubutu, m. An yaba da saboda ƙaruwar dusar ƙanƙara, ƙanshin abinci, 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawa.
• Fuete. Tsakanin dabin-farkon, 'ya'yan itatuwa sun girma cikin kwanaki 50-55. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ɗaya ne, mai fasalin gaske, a siffar farantin tare da gefen "wavy". Weight - 280-300 g. Fata yana da launin ruwan zinare, mai kauri, amma mai ƙarfi. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne snow-fari, mai yawa. Daban-daban yana fice tare da ingancin tsarewa.
• Rana. Lokacin girma shine kwanaki 58-70, ya dogara da yanayin. A daji sosai m, dan kadan saka alama. 'Ya'yan itacen tana da kamannin kwano, tare da “gefen fari”. Weight - 250-300 g. Yayinda yake narkewa, launin fata yana canzawa daga launin rawaya zuwa ƙwal mai haske. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai yawa, Mau kirim m, mai dadi. Tsire-tsire ba kasafai ke wahala daga fari da sauka ba.
• UFO orange. Kashi na farko. A inji shi ne m, bushy. Yawan tayin ya bambanta daga 280-300 g zuwa 500 g .. Fatar fatar launin rawaya ce, mai haske. Ku ɗanɗani yana da kyau kwarai. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 3-5.5 kg / m². Akwai nau'ikan UFO, fararen fata, wanda ba ya bambanta a zahiri cikin komai, sai dai canza launin fata.
• Chunga Changa. An farkon iri-iri halin sanyi juriya. Itace karami ne. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun girma a cikin kwanaki 42-45. Fatar ta cika duhu launin shuɗi a launi, fata mai laushi mai laushi, mai laushi. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 400-450 g. Squ-dimple squash, tare da gefen "scalloped". A iri-iri ne sananne ga mai kyau rigakafin.
• Gosh. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari sun girma cikin kwanaki 45-50. Dajin ya yi karami, ganyayyaki suna kanana. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne duhu malachite, kusan baki ne. A bayyane aka bayyana rarrabuwa zuwa kashi. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne snow-fari, mai yawa, ba musamman m. Matsakaicin matsakaicin squash shine 150-250 g .. Yawancin kayan shine 1.3-4.2 kg / m². Ya dogara da fasaha na aikin gona, iri-iri na da matukar buƙata a cikin kulawa.
• Bingo Bongo Earlyarshe da yawa tare da 'ya'yan itatuwa shuɗi-kore mai sabon abu. Suna da diski-kamannin surar, kusan ba tare da “denticles” ba. Sanannen sananne ne saboda girman girmanta, amma yayi cikakke. Girbi ya farfado a cikin tsawon kwanaki 40.
• Polo Farko squash. Matsakaicin adadin 'ya'yan itacen shine 300-400 g .. Itatuwan ya cika. 'Ya'yan itacen suna cikin kamannin farantin, launin fata ya bambanta daga Milky kore zuwa salatin. A ɓangaren litattafan almara ne dusar ƙanƙara fari-fari, ba mai yawa ba. An bambanta iri-iri saboda yawan amfanin ƙasa (8.8 kg / m²) da juriya ga mildew mai ƙasa.
• Sunny Bunny. Nau'in farkon, ripening yana ɗaukar kwanaki 42-46. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari a cikin nau'i na faifai, fatar jiki mai launin shuɗi ne, naman yana da maƙar fata mai tsami. Matsakaicin nauyin squash shine 150-250 g .. Ana yaba nau'ikan da yawa saboda kasancewarta da dandano na 'ya'yan itace, amfanin gona mai kyau (4.5 kg / m²), da juriya ga mildew na gari.
• Kankana F1. Tsarin tsakiyar-kaka, ya bambanta ta hanyar canza launin launi na asali na 'ya'yan itace. A kan fata, fitila mai fadi da duhu rawaya mai madaidaiciya mai canzawa. Yayinda suke farawa, squash a sifar diski kadan "zagaye", ya zama kamar kankana. Matsakaicin nauyin 'ya'yan itacen shine 300-450 g .. Itacen yana da ƙarfi, yana yin ɗamara sosai.
• Yarjejeniya F1. Hybrid farkon ripening, bambanta da dandano daga 'ya'yan itacen. Fatar jiki mai duhu kore, wasu lokuta tare da farin launin fari ko ratsi salatin da aibobi, salatin nama. Yayinda yake taushi, a hankali zata kara haske. Diamita na tayin ba ya wuce 3 cm, nauyi - 50-70 g.
• Piglet. Farko squash, cikakke a matsakaici a cikin kwanaki 50. A fata ne Milky kore, m. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 225 g .. Ku ɗanɗani bashi da kyau, amma yawan amfanin ƙasa shine 1.5 kilogiram / m². Koyaya, iri-iri sun yarda da fari sosai.
• Sunny Dadi. Earlyarin farkon squash daga Netherlands. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari nau'i na al'ada, fata yana rawaya, mai sheki, jiki fari. Matsakaicin nauyi - 80-100 g. An yaba da kyakkyawan dandano, yawan amfanin ƙasa (har zuwa kilogiram 16.5 / m²) da ingancin kiyayewa mai kyau. Fruiting yana kusan har zuwa farkon sanyi, tsire-tsire sun yi haƙuri fari.
• Babyaramin yaro. Itace karami ne, ganyayyaki sunyi kankanta. Zuciyar tayin tayi cm 3-5. Amfanin ya girma a cikin kwanaki 50. Kuna iya dogaro akan kilogiram 3-5 daga daji. Fatar 'ya'yan itaciyar diski-dimbin yawa kore ce, naman ya kusan fari.

Hoton hoto: nau'in squash sanannen tsakanin Russianan lambu

Shuka squash seedlings

Mafi sau da yawa, lambu, don samun amfanin gona squash da wuri-wuri, girma wannan al'ada tare da seedlings. Hakanan ana amfani da wannan hanyar a yankuna masu zafi inda gajeren lokacin bazara ke iya faɗi ba dangane da yanayin.

Kafin dasa, shirye-shiryen iri iri shine ya zama tilas. Wannan kuma ya shafi waɗanda za a dasa nan da nan a cikin lambun. Jiyya yana ƙarfafa bayyanar ƙarin furanni mata. Da farko, an dasa tsaba a rana guda a suturar da ta jike tare da maganin kowane irin maganin rayuwa, yana hana shi bushewa. Bayan haka an wanke su kuma an kiyaye su na wasu kwanaki biyu a wani wuri mai ɗora, a nade cikin gauze moistened tare da ruwa na talakawa. Yin ɗumi da tsaba suna ɗaukar lokaci kaɗan - ana nutsar da su cikin ruwa mai zafi (50-60ºС) na tsawon sa'o'i 5-6 ko a cikin tanda, mai zafi zuwa zafin jiki iri ɗaya. Wani zabin shine abin da ake kira farjin jijiya. Mako guda, ana saka tsaba da aka binne a cikin yashi mai laushi a cikin firiji don daren, kuma a lokacin ranar ana saka su akan windowsill wanda hasken rana ke haskawa.

'Ya'yan squash suna buƙatar jiyya na preplant

Squash yana da matukar saurin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal, sabili da haka, nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, ana shuka iri iri na mintina 15-20 a cikin ruwan hoda mai haske na ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta ko kowane ƙwayar cuta ta asalin halitta (Bayleton, Alirin-B, Ridomil-Gold). Sannan a wanke su a cikin ruwan sanyi kuma a bushe zuwa yanayin friable.

Tsaba don seedlings ana shuka su ne a farkon rabin Afrilu. Zai fi kyau nan da nan a cikin karamin peat tukwane, daukana da kuma yada al’adun baya jure haƙuri.

1. Tankuna suna cike da cakuda humus da ƙasa baki ɗaya na shuka (1: 1). Tsaba kusa da zurfin 3-4 cm .. Ana shirya shayar da ɗan ƙaramin filastik, an cika tukwane da fim ko gilashi.
2. Har sai seedlings sun bayyana (wannan yana ɗaukar kwanaki 7-10) ana tsare su a cikin duhu a zazzabi kimanin 30 ° C. Da zaran tsaba suka tsiro, an cire matsuguni, ana saukar da shi zuwa 22-24 ° C a lokacin day kuma 18-20 ° C da dare. Kwatsam zafin jiki kwatsam don shuka suna da cutarwa.
3. Ana ciyar da 'yan agedan shekaru 10 - 12 days ta hanyar zuba wani bayani na superphosphate mai sauƙi (3-5 a kowace lita na ruwa). Ana shayar da 'yan' yan kiwat sosai, kowace kwana 3-4. In ba haka ba, squash na iya jujjuyawa.
4. Mako guda kafin a dasa shuki, ana yayyafa ƙwayoyin tare da maganin urea ko wani takin da ke ƙunshe da nitrogen don ƙara kamuwa da cuta. Daga nan sai su fara taurara, a hankali suna fadada lokacin da suke amfani da su a cikin iska daga awa 2-3 zuwa awa 8 zuwa 8. Tagan taga a dakin da ba a rufe seedlings da daddare.

Shuka tsiro squash ya ba ka damar samun amfanin gona a baya

Lingsalingsan itacen suna shirye don dasawa a cikin ƙasa a cikin kwanaki 25-30, a ƙarshen Mayu ko a farkon watan Yuni. Yakamata su sami ƙananan ganyen gaskiya na 2-3. Ana shuka lingsawanin cikin ramuka kusan 15 cm zurfi, nisa tsakanin su shine 70-80 cm. Mafi kyawun lokacin don aikin shine sanyin safiya ko yamma bayan faɗuwar rana.

Rijiyoyin an zubar da ruwa sosai. A kasan sanya dintsi na humus, a tablespoon na sifted itace ash da kadan albasa husk.Ana shuka 'yan itacen tare da tukunyar peat ko tare da dunƙule na ƙasa, binne zuwa farkon cotyledon ganye. Isasa tana matattara ta kyau, ana sake shayar da seedlings, ana amfani da kusan 1 lita na ruwa a kowace shuka. Har sai an motsa squash, yana da kyau a kare su daga hasken rana kai tsaye ta hanyar yin wani zango na wucin gadi na kowane farin kayan.

Squash dasa a cikin ƙasa, zurfafa zuwa farkon cotyledon ganye

Dasa tsaba a bude take

Ana iya shuka tsaba squash nan da nan a buɗe ƙasa. Amma ana amfani da wannan hanyar galibi a yankuna na kudanci da dumamar yanayi. Duk ɗayan sauran Rasha, amfanin gona mai yiwuwa ba shi da lokacin yin tsiro idan yanayin lokacin bazara yayi sanyi, gajimare da ruwa.

Ga lambun, sun zabi wani fili wanda hasken rana ya haska shi. Kada ruwa a cikin ƙasa ya kamata ya kusanci zuwa saman sama da mita 1.5-2. Substarfin yana da kyawawa, amma haske, sako-sako. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine loam. Squash ba zai yi girma a cikin acidified ko saline substrate ba, kamar yadda a cikin ƙasa more kama da fadama.

Ya kamata gadon litattafan squash ya zama da hasken rana

"Masu magabata" a cikin lambun suna farin ciki da kowane al'ada, ban da tsire-tsire daga dangin Suman. Zai fi kyau sanya su nesa da dasa shuki da zucchini. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna sauƙin ɗauka. Ba shi yiwuwa gaba daya hango ko hasashen abin da zai hau kan bishiya.

Ana shirya shafin tun bayan faduwar. Wannan kuma ya shafi gonar da aka shirya dasa shuki na squash. An haƙa ƙasa, a lokaci guda ake amfani da humus (5 l / m²), phosphate (15-20 g / m²) da potash (8-10 g / m²) takin. Idan ƙasa tana acidic, gari dolomite, gari mai ɗanɗano ko lemon tsami yana kara.

Humus - magani na ɗabi'a don haɓaka takin ƙasa

A cikin bazara 'yan makonni kafin dasa shuki, kasar gona tana kwance sosai, an zubar da gado gonar tare da mafita na kowane takaddun takaddun kayan lambu. Soilasa a zurfin 10-15 cm a lokacin dasa yakamata yayi dumama zuwa ƙarancin 15ºС. A cikin yankuna masu yanayin sauyawa, ana iya dasa shukar squash tuni a ƙarshen Afrilu ko a farkon kwanaki goma na Mayu. A cikin yankuna da kuma tsakiyar yankin na Rasha, wannan lokacin an karkatar da shi zuwa ga rabi na biyu, kuma a cikin Urals da Siberia za su jira har zuwa farkon Yuni. Tsaba da aka shuka a cikin ƙasa wanda ba a rufe shi da ita wataƙila za ta lalace.

An dasa zuriyar 1-2 guda a cikin rijiyoyin tare da tazara tsakanin 70-80 cm, zurfafa daga 5-8 cm. An yayyafa su tare da humus a saman, an shayar da su akai-akai. An cika ƙasa sosai a hankali, ana ɗora gado tare da filastik kwalliyar kafin fitowar. Lingsalingsan itace a cikin lokaci na ganye na gaskiya na biyu suna thinned fita, suna barin ɗayan, mafi ƙarfi da haɓaka shuka a cikin rami. Sauran an yanka shi da almakashi.

Lokacin dasa shuki squash tsaba a cikin ƙasa bude, dole ne ka kula da tazara tsakanin tsirrai

Nasihun Kula Kula da Iyaye

Kula da squash ba shi da wahala fiye da squash. Amma ban da shayarwa da ciyarwa, suna buƙatar "taimako" na lambun don pollination. Kwari kuma suna ɗaukar pollen, amma bai kamata ku dogara da su da yawa ba, musamman idan yanayin yayi sanyi da laima. Don jawo hankalin ƙudan zuma da ƙwanƙwasa zuwa cikin maƙarƙashiyar, an yayyafa ƙwayoyin ta da zuma ko sukari mai syrup da aka diluted da ruwa (20-30 ml a kowace lita).

'Yan lambu suna yin fure da squash da hannu

Ana iya bambanta furanni na mata daga furanni na namiji a gaban ɗan itacen oza a gindi na toho. Don pollination a cikin fure na namiji, kuna buƙatar yanke filayen kuma ku riƙe pestle sau da yawa akan stamens. Ko da pollen ana canjawa wuri ta amfani da buroshi mai laushi ko ƙusoshin auduga. Ana yin pollination ne na musamman a yanayin bushe.

Za'a iya bambanta ɗan fure na squash ta gaban 'ya'yan itace

Dole ne a kwantar da gadon gonar kuma a kwance shi akai, amma a hankali. Tushen tsarin tsirrai na sama ne. A bu mai kyau zuwa ciyawa kasar gona. Wannan zai taimaka riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa, hana ciyawa fashewa da kuma kare tushen daga bushewa.

Idan fure na squash tayi tsawo, gogaggen lambu ya bada shawarar yankan 1-2 daga tsofaffin ganye daga daji. Bayan kwanaki 4-5, ana buƙatar maimaita hanyar. Ku ciyar da ita da sanyin safiya.

Kamar kowane pumpkins, squash ƙaunar danshi. Kafin fure, ana shayar da su da ruwa a zazzabi a daki a kowace kwanaki 5-6, suna kashe kimanin lita 10 na ruwa a 1 m². Bayan samuwar ƙwayoyin kwayoyi, an rage tazara tsakanin ruwa zuwa kwanaki 3-4, ana ƙaruwa da al'ada zuwa lita 10-12. Ana zubar da ruwa a ƙarƙashin tushe ko a cikin furars tsakanin bushes. Ba a so a saukad da faɗuwa akan ganye, furanni, da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Squash, kamar duk Suman, buƙata akai-akai da wadataccen ruwa

A karkashin fruitsan itacen da aka girka a ƙasa, lallai ne sun sanya faranti, gilashi, ji da sauransu don kare su daga hulɗa tare da ƙasa mai laushi. In ba haka ba, ci gaban rot kusan babu makawa. Don dalilai iri ɗaya ne, tsohuwar ganyen wilted ganye da ragowar fure filayen an cire su daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen ovary.

Lokacin ciyayi a cikin squash ya takaice, don haka manyan riguna biyu sun isa ga tsiro. Kafin fure, ana rarraba 40-50 g na potassium da takin phosphorus a cikin bushe bushe a cikin bushe bushe da rabi nitrogen. Kuna iya amfani da shirye-shirye masu rikitarwa - Azofoska, Ammofoska da sauransu.

Ripening 'ya'yan itatuwa suna buƙatar phosphorus da potassium. Nitrogen yana ta dazuzzuka dazuzzuka da saurin shuka tsiro na kore, ba su da wani ƙarfi da ya rage wa squash da kanta. Kwana 5-7 bayan samuwar 'ya'yan itace, an samar da squash tare da jiko na sabo, ciyawar tsuntsaye, ganyayyaki ko daskararwa. An shirya shi cikin kwanaki 3-4. Kafin amfani, samfurin ana tace shi kuma an narkar da shi da ruwa 1:10 ko 1:15, idan yana saɓo ne. Duk wani takin zamani da aka danganta da vermicompost, jiko na itace ash shima ya dace. Kowane tsire-tsire yana cin kimanin lita 0.5.

Nettle jiko - asalin halitta phosphorus da potassium

Bidiyo: Ka'idojin Kula da Matasa

Squash a cikin greenhouse

Busheswanin squash sun kasance m, saboda haka ana iya shuka tsaba da seedlings a cikin greenhouse. Aiki ya nuna cewa a wannan yanayin, amfanin gona ya tsiro 1.5-2 makonni fiye da yadda aka saba.

A lokacin kaka, dole ne a haƙa ƙasa; humus an ƙara shi don haɓaka haihuwa. Don kamuwa da cuta, an zubar dashi da ruwan hoda mai duhu na daskararren kwaya ko 5% sulphate na jan karfe, an kori furen da aka kona, yana ƙone guntuwar sarkar sulfur.

Squash a cikin greenhouse yana pollinated na musamman da hannu. Ana yi mata iska a kai a kai. Sanya iska mai laushi suna dacewa sosai don haɓakar yawancin cututtukan fungal, yawancin kwari suna ƙaunarsa. A cikin matsanancin zafi, an yayyafa gilashin a ciki tare da lemun tsami mai tsami tare da ruwa, kuma ana shayar da hanyoyin da ruwan sanyi. Wannan yana taimakawa rage zafin jiki.

Za a iya girma squash a cikin gidan shinkafa, kamfani da shuka ya ba shi damar

Tsaba da seedlings na squash a cikin greenhouse ana shuka su ne a farkon shekarun Mayu. Tabbatar da bin tsarin makircin. Cututtuka da kwari a cikin gida suna yaduwa da sauri fiye da yadda ake buɗe ƙasa, kuma tare da tsauraran wurare, ana walƙiya cikin sauri.

A matsayinka na mai mulkin, bushes na greenhouse squash girma da karfi, saboda haka kana bukatar ka cire wuce haddi ganye cewa m 'ya'yan itace ovaries a dace hanya. Sanya sassan da aka yayyafa shi da alli ko itace ash.

Squash a gida

Patisson shuka ce mai ɗanɗano kuma, ƙari, maɗaukaki ne. Ana iya dasa shi gaba daya a cikin kwandon shara ko babban tukunya kuma ya girma a gida.

Tushen tushensa na sama ne, don haka damar yakamata bai zama mai zurfi ba. Diamita - kimanin 60-70 cm. Ramin magudanar ruwa wajibi ne. Zazzage yumɓu mai yumɓu, ƙwaƙwalwa, kwakwalwan bulo tare da kauri na 3-5 cm ana zuba a ƙasa.

Amma ga ƙasa, kowane ɗan ƙasa madaidaiciya don seedlings ya dace idan an haɗe shi da humus ko ƙasa mai ƙima a daidai gwargwado. Don rigakafin cututtukan fungal, ga kowane lita na cakuda da aka gama, ƙara tablespoon na baƙin alli ko ƙwayoyin carbon da aka kunna.

Ana sanya kwandon kusa da taga yana fuskantar kudu maso gabas ko kudu maso yamma. Don hana ƙonewar ganye, squash ya kamata a kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye. A lokacin bazara, ana fitar da tukunya a kan loggia, baranda, veranda.

Shayar "gida" squash kamar yadda saman ƙasa na ƙasa ta bushe, kowane kwanaki 3-4. Ciyar da kowace rana ta kwana 15-20 tare da kowane takin zamani da ya dogara da maganin kashe kwari. Wannan al'ada ta fi son ƙwayoyin halitta.

Cututtuka, kwari da sarrafawa

Kamar kowane pumpkins, squash sau da yawa suna fama da cututtuka. Su ne musamman mai saukin kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar fungi. Sabili da haka, dole ne a shuka iri kafin dasa shuki a cikin maganin wargin.

Cututtukan masu zuwa suna da haɗari ga al'ada:

• Anthracnose. Manyan kwayoyi masu launin launin toka-launin toka suna haske a cikin ganyayyaki, siffofin ruwan hoda mai launi ruwan hoda tare da jijiya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an rufe su da "raunukan fata" da aka matse. Kayan da abin ya shafa sun lalace.
• Ascochitosis. An rufe mai tushe da ganyayyaki tare da ƙananan launin ruwan kasa, iyakar abin da a hankali yake duhu, kuma farfajiya ta haskaka. Ganyen da abin ya shafa ya bushe kuma ya mutu.
• Farar ƙasa. A cikin ganyayyaki da kuma mai tushe, “kuka” duhu aibobi, wanda aka karfafa ta wani Layer of “Fluffy” launin fari-fari shafi. A hankali, ya zama denser, ruwan rawaya mai ruwan hoda ko ruwan hoda mai fara ruwan sanyi.
• Buga na fata. Abubuwan launin shuɗi-masu launin shuɗi suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki tsakanin jijiyoyin, a hankali suna jan abubuwa a kan farar fata-launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa. Sannan cutar ta yadu zuwa 'ya'yan itaciyar. Abubuwan da ya shafa sun mutu, ramuka.
• Powdery Mildew Kyakkyawan farin gashi zai bayyana a gaban, mai kama da gari mai warwatse. Kayan da abin ya shafa sun zama launin rawaya da bushewa.

Hoto na hoto: Bayyanar cututtuka na kamuwa da cutar squash

Yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta basa jure mahallin jan ƙarfe. Saboda haka, ana amfani da fungicides don magance su. Duk tsoffin samfuran da aka gwada su da ƙarni ɗaya na lambu (Bordeaux ruwa da vitriol) da magungunan zamani (Topaz, Horus, Skor, KhOM, Kuprozan da sauransu) zasu yi.

Don rigakafin, ƙasa a kan gadaje an ƙura tare da kwakwalwan ƙoshin taba ko sulfur colloidal. Tsire-tsire da kansu suna yayyafa shi da alli ko itace ash. Ana shigar da ruwa na ban ruwa lokaci-lokaci tare da kodadden ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda.

Idan an lura da alamun a kan lokaci, zaku iya ƙoƙarin shawo kan cutar ta amfani da magungunan jama'a. An feshe squash tare da bayani na soda ash, sabulu mai wanki, diluted da ruwa 1:10 kefir ko madara whey tare da ƙari na aidin (digo kowace lita). Amfanin magungunan mutane shine cewa ana iya amfani dasu a kowane lokaci, yayin da amfani da fungicides, idan ba shirye-shiryen asalin asalin halittu bane, ba'a yarda dashi lokacin furanni da kwanaki 15-20 kafin girbi.

Squashes ba su kewaye squash. Babban haɗari ga shuka shine:

• Aphids masu zurfi. Insectsanan ƙananan rawaya-kore kore zauna a kan shuka a cikin dukan mazauna, tam jingina ga matasa ganye, buds da 'ya'yan itace ovaries. Don rigakafin, squash an fesa tare da kowane pungent infusions. A matsayin albarkatun kasa, zaka iya amfani da saman dankali ko tumatir, tsutsa, lemun tsami, ganyen taba, lemo na albasa ko tafarnuwa. Marigolds, marigold, Lavender ana shuka su ne a gefen gado kuma a cikin hanyoyin. Hakanan infusions iri ɗaya zasu taimaka wajen magance kwaro, idan har yanzu aphids ɗin suna da yawa. Amma squash zai buƙaci fesawa ba kowane kwanaki 7-10 ba, amma sau 3-4 a rana. Idan babu wani tasiri, ana amfani da kwari na babban aiki - Iskra-Bio, Confidor-Maxi, Inta-Vir.
• Spider mite. Zai iya yiwuwa a ga kwaro da kanta tsirara, amma bakin ciki translucent cobwebs, bracing ganye, buds da 'ya'yan itace ovaries a fili bayyane. Don rigakafin, ana yayyafa bushes tare da jiko na albasa da tafarnuwa tafarnuwa. Don magance kwaro, ana amfani da acaricides - Neoron, Vertimek, Sunmayt, Apollo.
• Matsawa. Karin kwari suna ciyar da kyallen ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa, suna cin ramuka a cikinsu. Coaukar murfin azurfa mai ɗorewa ya zauna a farfajiya. Idan akwai ugsan kazamtattun ruwa, zaku iya tattara su da hannu ko kuma tafarkasu ta amfani da tarkuna (kwantena da aka haƙa a ƙasa cike da giya, jam mai narkewa da ruwa, syrup sugar, yanka kabeji ko innabi). Tushen tushe yana kewaye da "shamaki" na allura mai ɗumi, yashi, ƙurayen ƙoshin ƙwayaye. Game da batun mamayewa da tsintsaye, Meta, tsawa, Sludge ana amfani dasu.
• Farar fata Mafi yawa squash girma a cikin wani greenhouse sha wahala daga gare ta. Smallan ƙaramin hutu na zaki kamar na barkono suna manne da ganyen ganyen, suna jujjuyawar a mafi ƙoshin ta. Don rigakafin, ana yayyafa bushes tare da kowane ƙanshi na infusions na ganye. Tsofaffi sun lalace ta hanyar tarko a cikin nau'in shafawa tare da jelly na man fetur, manne mai bushewa mai tsayi-tsinkaye, guntun zuma na kwali ko plywood. A yayin taron mamayewa, ana amfani da Mospilan, Aktara, Admiral, Fufanon.

Hoto na Hoto: Abin da Kayan Yankin squash yayi kama da

Girbi da adanawa

Ana tattara squash kowane kwana 2-3 bayan sun isa balaga fasaha. 'Ya'yan itacen da suka wanzu a daji na dogon lokaci suna sake farfadowa kuma suna hana sabon ƙwayar hatsi. Kwasfa yakamata ya zama na bakin ciki, amma mai ƙarfi, tsaba ya zama ƙanana kuma ba wuya. Amma ƙananan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari masu ɗimbin yawa tare da diamita na 3-4 cm Kuma an zaɓi su da kyau don ingantaccen amfani, ana iya ɗora su da gishiri.

Ana girbe amfanin gona a kai a kai, wannan yana ba da gudummawa wajen samar da sabbin fruitsa fruitsan itace

An yanke 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke a hankali tare da ciyawa tare da almakashi mai kaifi ko wuka. A zazzabi a cikin daki ba su wuce kwanaki 5-7, a cikin firiji - 12-15 kwana. Don adana na dogon lokaci, kawai 'ya'yan itaciya masu haɓaka tare da diamita na aƙalla 6-7 cm kuma ba fiye da cm 15 ba.Ya sanya su a cikin wuri mai duhu tare da samun iska mai kyau, samar da zazzabi na 2-4 ° C da gumi mai kusan 80%. An kafa squash a cikin akwatuna ko akwatina, zuba yashi, shavings, sawdust. A irin waɗannan yanayin, ba sa yin rashin iyawa da gabatarwar don watanni 3-4.

Don adana lokaci mai tsawo, squash kawai sun dace ba tare da lalacewa na inji ba da kuma halayen cuta da lalacewar kwaro.

Akwai sauran hanyoyin ajiya:

• Daskarewa Squananan squash suna daskararru duka, manyan a yanka a cikin guda ko kayan haɗi a kan m grater. An wanke su, bushe, an aza su a tarkuna waɗanda aka aza a kan takarda kuma na mintina 2-3 da aka aika zuwa daskarewa, suna aiki a cikin yanayin "girgiza" yanayin daskarewa. Bayan haka an shimfiɗa su a cikin jaka na musamman tare da ɗaure mai ɗauri. Rayuwar shelf shine watanni 8-10.
• Bushewa Squash "wither" a cikin rana tsawon kwanaki 3-5, a wanke, a yanka a cikin filastik na bakin ciki. An shimfida su a kan burodin kwanduna ko tire don kada su taɓa juna kuma suna bushe da dabi'a, a cikin tanda ko a na'urar bushewa ta musamman. Ana adana yanka na shirya a cikin wuri mai sanyi a cikin jaka na takarda ko jakun lilin don watanni 6-8.
• Canning. Squash marinated da salted, daban ko kuma wani ɓangare na kayan lambu gauraye. Tabbas kowace uwargida za ta sami girke-girke da kuka fi so don shirye-shiryen gida.

Girma squash a kan makircin bashi da wahala fiye da kabewa ko akasari. Al'adu ba abin birgewa bane, ba a buƙatar komai daga allahntaka. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ba kawai dadi bane, har ma suna da lafiya sosai. Bayyanar squash tana da bambanci sosai, akwai da yawa iri da kuma fatalwowi masu shayarwa. Tabbas a cikinsu, kowane ɗan lambu zai samu wanda zai roƙe shi.