A yau, ana horar da inabi a yankuna da yawa na Rasha, gami da Yankin Moscow. Noma na gida yana da wasu fa'idodi: yanayin gida yana hana yawancin cututtuka bayyanuwa, kuma kwari ba su da ƙarfi. Tare da manyan zaɓi iri iri, tara inabi a kusa da Moscow ba shi da wahala fiye da yankuna da ke cikin ƙasar.
Shin zai yiwu a shuka inabi a cikin gari
'Ya'yan inabi suna dauke da amfanin gona na thermophilic kuma yawancin lambu suna tunanin cewa za'a iya girma shi kaɗai a kudu, amma a zahiri ba haka bane. Hakanan namo shi ma yana yiwuwa a tsakiyar layi da yankin Moscow, a zahiri, yin la'akari da wasu lamura. Idan a farkon inabi a cikin waɗannan yankuna an dasa su kawai a matsayin ciyawa na ornamental na ado arbor, samun arches, a yau godiya ga aikin shayarwa akwai iri da wuri. Sakamakon haka, yana yiwuwa a iya samun guraben da aka saba da itacen inabi da aka shirya domin hunturu.
Duk da gaskiyar cewa an dauki inabi inabi a matsayin amfanin gona na thermophilic, a yau ana iya cin nasara cikin nasara har ma da kewayen gari
Dasa inabi a cikin gari
Kafin fara dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari dalla dalla da mahimmin maki, ba tare da masaniyar wacce wacce ake tsammanin zata sami kyakkyawan sakamako ba.
Zaɓin shafin
'Ya'yan inabi dole ne a dasa su cikin hasken da kuma kariya daga wuraren iska. Kyakkyawan zaɓi zai kasance saukowa kusa da ginin kudu, ginin, yayin da kake buƙatar juyawa game da mita daga bango. Smallarami da wuraren rufewa don waɗannan dalilai basu dace ba. A kansu, ƙasa ta daɗe tana mai daɗewa, dusar ƙanƙara ta narke a hankali. Innabi na innabi zai fi kyau a kan loamy da yashi kasa.
Inabi mafi kyau ana dasa kusa da gefen ginin kudu, ana juyawa daga bango misalin 1 m
Idan yumɓu ya mamaye wurin, to lokacin da ake shirya ramin don dasawa, zai zama tilas a sanya magudanar ruwa ta hanyar tubalin da ya fashe ko kuma duwatsun.
Zabin sa
Don karkara, yana da kyau a zaɓi iri tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci (kwanaki 100-120). Akwai kuskuren fahimta cewa a tsakiyar layin za ku iya samun m kawai da ƙananan inabi. Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan tebur da yawa waɗanda aka samu nasarar shuka su a cikin kewayen, suna da manyan fruitsa fruitsan itaciya masu kyau, kuma suna samar da babban taro. A lokaci guda, akwai nau'ikan farko da matsananciyar yanayin da basu dace da yankin da ake tambaya ba, tunda suna matukar bukatar zafi akan lokacin girma. Irin waɗannan 'ya'yan inabi ba su da lokacin yin' ya'yan itacen fure, saboda haka ba za su iya samun amfanin gona na shekara mai zuwa ba.
Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan don nasarar narkarda inabi a cikin kewayen gari shine zaɓin da ya dace na iri-iri
Wadannan nau'ikan suna da shahara sosai tsakanin masu shayarwa: Rediant raisins, Muscat Pleven, Northern Early, Michurinsky, Muscat Summer, Arcadia, Riddle Sharov, Kesha, Kodryanka, Krasa Nikopol, Muromets. Amfanin wadannan nau'ikan ba wai kawai lokacin girki bane, amma kuma babban jure sanyi. A cikin karkara za ku iya shuka iri na tsakiyar kaka har ma da dogaro kan girbi mai kyau, amma a lokacin zafi ne kawai. Idan matsakaita zazzabi yayin rana yana ƙasa, to, mai yiwuwa berries ɗin ba zai huda ba. Amma ga matsakaici-marigayi da marigayi-ripening iri, ba ma ba su girma a wannan yankin.
A madadin, yi la'akari da dasa shuki matsakaici-marigayi a cikin yanayin greenhouse.
Lokacin sauka
Inabi a cikin unguwannin bayan gari za'a iya dasa su a farkon bazara da kuma damina har zuwa lokacin sanyi. A cikin bazara, ana iya dasa shuki tare da lignified cuttings ko kore shekara-shekara seedlings. Idan aka yi amfani da bambancin na biyu na kayan dasa, to ya kamata a aiwatar da dasa a hankali, tunda a wannan lokacin tushen tsirrai suna da rauni sosai. Dasa shuka daga farawa a lokacin da ƙasa tayi zafi zuwa + 10˚С. Hakanan ya kamata a la'akari da cewa kada ƙasa ta yi rigar. Ba shi da yawa sosai a jinkirta dasa, tunda a kwanakin baya seedlingsan tsire-tsire suka fara da hankali.
A cikin kaka, ana shuka inabi guda ɗaya. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da shi don dasa yakamata su kasance lafiya, ba tare da wani lalacewa ko alamun cutar ba. A cikin kaka, ana shuka inabi a cikin gari da ke tsakiyar Oktoba.
Rijiyar rami
Baya ga zabar wani wuri, don dasa shuki na innabi, ya zama dole don shirya ramin rami yadda yakamata. Girmansa yakamata ya zama haka: 1.5 * 1.5 m da zurfin cm 30-45. Lokacin da aka haƙa ramin, bulo 4-5 na takin, buhun yashi na 3-4 da kuma shebur na itace ash a ciki, bayan wannan an gama haɗa abubuwa a hankali gauraya.
Lokacin shirya rami na dasa inabi, ana amfani da takin gargajiya, yashi da ash
Seedlings shiri
Hanyar shirya kayan shuka don dasawa an rage zuwa yankan asalin. Tsawon su ya zama kimanin 15 cm 15-18. Ranar da za a dasa shuki, an shuka tsiran tsami a cikin guga na ruwa don daidaitawa da danshi.
Dasa shuka
Lokacin da aka kammala matakan shirye-shiryen, zaku iya fara aikin dasa. Da farko, yi la’akari da dasa shuki na lignified seedling. Don yin wannan, aiwatar da wadannan matakai:
- A tsakiyar ramin saukowa, yi karamin rami har zuwa 40 cm zurfi da kusan 30 cm fadi.
- 1-2 an zuba bokiti na ruwa kuma an yi tudu da ƙasa.
Ana zuba bokiti 1-2 na ruwa a cikin ramin ɓoye a gindin inabin, bayan haka suna yin tarko daga ƙasa
- Sanya seedling a wuƙa, yada asalin sa.
Lokacin dasa shuki seeding a cikin rami, Tushen tushen ana rarraba shi a ko'ina
- Ana sa ɗanɗano na babba a kan ƙwanƙwasa a ƙasa daga 5 cm cm 5. Idan seedling ya yi tsawo, ana dasa shi a kusurwa.
- Tushen an rufe shi da ƙasa kuma an sanya karamin ɓacin rai a cikin ƙasa kusa da seedling.
Tushen seedling an rufe shi da ƙasa, bayan wannan suna yin recesses don ban ruwa
- Suna yin shayarwa kuma sun rufe shuka tare da kwalban filastik mai kama da abin rufe gawa.
Yankunan bayan dasawa an rufe su da kwalban filastik don ingantacciyar dumama na ƙasa
An sanya kwalban don ƙarin dumama na ƙasa, mafi kyawun tushe da farkawa da kodan cikin sauri.
Saboda haka, a cikin ƙasa a cikin tushen yankin warms sama mafi kyau, na baki fim za a iya aika a kusa da seedlings. Idan ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara don dasa, wato, ya riga ya kasance tare da ganye, to, ana shuka su zuwa zurfin daidai kamar waɗanda ake jingina. An cire seedling daga dasa dasa, sanya shi a cikin rami kuma yafa masa ƙasa. In ba haka ba, duk ayyuka suna kama da hanyar da ta gabata.
Bidiyo: dasa shuki gero
Siffofin girma da kula da inabi a cikin gari
Namoran inabari a cikin buhunan waje na Yankin Moscow ya shafi tsara shinge na hunturu, samuwar, ciyar da lokaci da kuma shayarwa. Don girbin shekara-shekara ya kamata ya bi waɗannan ka'idodi:
- amfani da hunturu-Hardy da farkon cikakke iri don dasa;
- Dole ne a aiwatar da dasa shuki a kusa da shinge da sauran tsare-tsaren da zasu zama kariya ga matattarar shuka daga iska;
- a lokacin haɓaka, itacen inabi ya kamata ya sami abinci mai gina jiki a cikin nau'ikan takin gargajiya na potash da phosphorus;
- a lokacin kaka, dole ne a sare inabi;
- don hunturu, an rufe daji da kowane kayan da ke akwai.
Yin kwalliya da gyarawa
Pinging shine mafi wuya ga farawa yan lambu. A zahiri, hanyar ba ta da rikitarwa kamar yadda ake gani. Samuwar innabi bushes a cikin yankin Moscow yana farawa a shekara ta biyu bayan dasa shuki. Innabi masu inabi tare da gwaninta basa bada shawara a rage amfanin gona a farkon shekarar. Abinda kawai suke mai da hankali dasu shine tying idan itacen inabi ya faɗi ƙasa.
Ya danganta da tsarin da aka zaɓa na samuwar itacen jejin, ana yin pruning daidai gwargwado
Ana gudanar da girki na yau da kullun daga shekara ta biyu kuma ana yin shi a cikin matakai 2. Mataki na farko ya ƙunshi cropping a cikin kaka, yayin da 2/3 na ƙarar da aka yi niyya don cirewa. Kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, kada a datsa da yawa don hana daskarewa da daji. Mataki na biyu ana gudanar da shi ne a lokacin bazara. A wannan yanayin, mara lafiya, daskararre, mai rauni da lalatattun harbe suna ƙarƙashin cirewa. Vine girma dole ne a kayyade daga farkon. In ba haka ba, harbe ba zai inganta yadda yakamata ba, wanda zai haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Bayan fruiting, an yanke itacen itacen inabi a cikin hanyar haɗi: a saman akwai ƙuƙatar canzawa, a ƙasa akwai kibiya 'ya'yan itace
Hanya mafi sauƙi don ƙirƙirar inabi, wanda ya dace da yankuna masu sanyi, ana yin su bisa ga tsarin Guyot:
- A cikin shekarar farko bayan dasa shuki, ana yin harbi mai ƙarfi. Yanke shi a cikin faduwa, ya bar idanu 2 daga saman duniya.
- A cikin shekara ta biyu, harbe guda 2 na shekara-shekara yana girma daga idanu, waɗanda kuma aka yanke a cikin fall: ɗayan ya kasance tsawon lokaci don gungu, kuma na biyu yana gajarta zuwa 2-3 buds.
- A shekara ta uku, kulli da inabin zai sake girma daga idanun wani gajeren tsari.
Bidiyo: samuwar inabi a cikin gari
Manyan miya
Inabi - al'adun da ke amsa da kyau ga aikace-aikacen takin zamani, musamman phosphorus da potassium. Phosphorus yayi shafar kwanciya da samuwar 'ya'yan itace buds. Potassium, bi da bi, yana kara karfin tsirrai da kuma tabbatar da ci gaban su. Nitrogen yana tabbatar da ci gaban al'ada da ci gaban daji.
Ko da wane irin ƙasa, takin da ya fi dacewa don amfanin gona da ake tambaya shine taki. Wannan abu yana samar da itacen inabi ba kawai tare da kayan abinci na yau da kullun ba, har ma tare da microelements. An shigo da taki akai-akai - kowace shekara 3 a cikin guga na 1 m² don digging. Don samar da gonar inabinsa da isasshen adadin phosphate da takin potash, ana ƙara superphosphate da potassium sulfate a kowane shekaru 3-4 a 50 g a 1 m².
Madadin takin ƙasa na ma'adinai, zaku iya yin ash - 80-100 g a yanki ɗaya.
Don samun sakamako mafi girma daga takin mai magani da aka shafa, ana zubar da mafita ta bututu na musamman da ke kaiwa ga tushen daji
Don samun sakamako mafi girma daga aikace-aikacen takin mai magani na phosphorus-potassium, dole ne a isar da su zuwa sashin abin da ya faru na babban ɓangaren tushen sa. A wannan yanayin, an shirya maganin mai gina jiki, wanda aka ciyar dashi ta bututu na musamman. Idan ƙasa a ƙarƙashin gonar inabin ba ta da kyau, to ana amfani da takin ƙasa a kowace shekara a farkon bazara, kuma bayan an gama fure a cikin adadin 3-4 g na aiki mai ƙarfi 1 m².
Watse
Lokacin da ake horar da inabi, tsire-tsire suna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau kuma yin shayarwa a cikin wannan taka muhimmiyar rawa. An ba da kulawa ta musamman ga danshi ƙasa yayin lokacin tumatir.. Ana karɓar gaba ɗaya cewa ya kamata a shayar da nau'ikan farkon sau 3 a kowace kakar, da kuma matsakaici da na ƙarshen - sau 4. Idan ka duba, to irin wannan ban ruwa bazai yi tasiri sosai ba. Itatuwa na innabi suna buƙatar shayar da kusan sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2. Yawan ruwa yakamata ya zama cewa ƙasa ta cika zuwa zurfin 50 cm.
Fesa
Ya danganta da wane nau'in innabi an fi son shi kuma akan juriyarsa da cututtuka, ya zama dole don lokaci-lokaci fesa da bushes don kare kan cututtuka. Don amfanin gona a cikin tambaya, mafi haɗari shi ne mildew, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar haske launin rawaya a kan ganyayyaki, juya zuwa cikin berries kuma yana haifar da su su juya.
Ofaya daga cikin cututtuka masu haɗari ga kowane gonar inabinsa shine mildew.
Don rigakafin cutar, ya zama dole don tsabtace ganyayyakin da suka lalace na hunturu kuma su riƙa rufe 'ya'yan inabi, da kuma lokacin yin riga-kafi. Bugu da kari, don dalilai na rigakafi suna yin feshin bushes tare da ruwa Bordeaux, kuma sau da yawa:
- lokacin da harbe suka kai tsawon 20-30 cm;
- bayan fure;
- 2-3 sau a mako har sai berries sun girma.
Wata cuta ta kumburin gama gari ita ce oidium. A wannan yanayin, launin duhu mai launin toka ya bayyana a kan berries da inflorescences, a sakamakon abin da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari bushe da crack, kuma suka juya a cikin rigar yanayin. Yaƙin oidium yana kama da matakan da za a iya ɗaukar mildew. Kurangar inabi innabi ma an fesa su da fungicides.
Bidiyo: sarrafa inabi daga cututtuka
Tsara don hunturu
Duk da gaskiyar cewa nau'ikan innabi na zamani suna iya jure tsananin sanyi, tushensu ya riga ya daskare a -6-12 ° C. Sabili da haka, al'ada tana buƙatar kariya daga sanyi, amma da farko, itacen inabi yana buƙatar shirya. Bayan ganyayyaki sun faɗi, an yanke inabi, an cire itacen inabin daga trellis kuma an tanƙwara ƙasa tare da maƙalaran ƙarfe. Harbi bai kamata ya taɓa ƙasa ba, kamar yadda ƙirar na iya samarwa a kansu daga danshi. Don waɗannan dalilai, an sanya katako na katako a ƙarƙashin itacen inabi.
Ana yin shinge da itacen inabi, ana sanya slats na katako a ƙarƙashin rassan don hana m
Kada ku yi amfani da fim da ciyayi don waɗannan dalilai, tunda ɗaukar ciki zai tattara a ƙarƙashinsu. A cikin kewayen gari, ana iya rufe inabi a hanyoyi da yawa. Yi la'akari da su:
- Duniya. A wannan yanayin, an haɗu da itacen inabi tare da ƙasa, wanda yake mai sauƙin sauƙaƙe, amma ba tasiri sosai. Lokacin da ruwan sama yake shiga da daskarewa, al'adar na iya kawai mutu.
Hanya mai sauƙi amma mara inganci don ba da hatsin inabi don hunturu shine ƙasa
- Lapnikom. Sau da yawa, masu giya a kusa da Moscow suna amfani da rassan coniferous don tsari. Irin wannan kayan yana ba da izinin danshi da iska su ratsa sosai, amma idan dumama ƙasa zata iya daskarewa.
Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da rassa na coniferous azaman kayan don adanar inabi a Yankin Moscow.
- Ruberoid da fim. Ta amfani da waɗannan abubuwan, zaku iya kiyaye ƙasa daga ruwan sama. Don tsara tsari, an sanya arches na ƙarfe a saman wanda aka sanya kayan sutura, amma da farko, ana sanya katako a ƙarƙashin itacen inabi, kuma an yayyafa shi da busassun allura ko bambaro a saman. Idan sanyi ba mai tsanani ba, to lokaci-lokaci zai zama dole a buɗe kuma a bar iska irin wannan tsari a ɓangarorin biyu.
Don tsara inabi yakan yi amfani da fim ko kayan rufi
- Slate. A wannan hanyar, itacen inabi yana sintiri a ƙasa, yafa masa sawki, busassun conifer ko hay. Slate yana kare kariya daga hazo kuma yana ba da izinin sama ta wuce.
Slate yana taimakawa kare inabi daga hazo kuma yana ba da izinin sama ta wuce
- Kariya a cikin nau'i na akwatin. Don haka kowace shekara aiwatar da 'ya'yan inabi inabi ba ta ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa kuma ba dole ne a yi tunanin yadda ya fi dacewa yin wannan ba, zaku iya gina akwatin katako kuma ku doke shi da ruberoid. Ana yin irin wannan ginin tare da inabin ɓaure, inda aka sa itacen kurangar a can.
Inabi na hunturu ana iya sanya shi a cikin akwatuna na musamman waɗanda ke gefen gandun itacen inabi
- Agrofibre. Wannan kayan yana ba ka damar kiyaye dusar ƙanƙara a kanka kuma ya dace don kare gonar inabin a cikin lokacin sanyi. A wannan yanayin, an dasa itacen inabi zuwa saman duniya kuma an rufe shi da agrofibre, yana latsa kayan tare gefuna tare da tubalin ko yayyafa shi da ƙasa.
Yana da kyau a rufe inabi da agrofiber a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara, tunda kayan suna riƙe dusar ƙanƙan da kanta
Bidiyo: girki da kuma ajiye inabi
Idan bushes sun tsufa, to, za a iya nannade su da yawa shimfidar kayan sutura, kulla shi da igiya.
Tsarin kaka
A ƙarshen Maris, ana cire dusar ƙanƙara daga 'ya'yan inabin don kare su kuma suna ba da damar kwararar ruwan narke. Tunda sun zaɓi rana mai kyau, sun cire tsari kuma sun bushe abin da ke ƙarƙashinsa. Bayan haka, an sake saita tsarin sutura: dole ne a kiyaye inabi har sai an tsayar da zafi. Bayan haka, an cire resliage ko rassan spruce, kuma an bar itacen inabi don ɗaure na kimanin makonni biyu. Don kare shi daga sanyi, ana iya rufe shi da polyethylene. A ƙarshen Mayu, haɗarin sanyi na ƙarshe zai wuce a cikin karkara na Moscow, bayan wannan zaka iya kwance giyan, yanke rassan bushe da lalace.
Girbi
Shuka da girbi inabi a cikin gari da ke a cikin Agusta-farkon Satumba. Duk da gaskiyar cewa gungu tare da cikakke berries na iya sag a kan rassan na kusan wata daya da dandano ba zai shafa ba, masu girbin innabi tare da gwaninta suna bada shawarar girbi akan lokaci. In ba haka ba, da berries na iya lalacewa, wanda zai yi aiki a matsayin koto ga kwari.
A cikin unguwannin don girbin inabi fara a watan Agusta da farkon Satumba
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Dangane da kwarewar da na samu, zan iya ba ku shawara ku dasa ire-iren innabi masu zuwa waɗanda ke da kyau sosai ga Yankin Moscow - Solaris, Crystal, Rails pink sidlis, GF No. 342, Amur iri da GF, Agat Donskoy, har ma da kasuwanni iri-iri Marquette.
Eugene-Moscow//vinforum.ru/index.php?topic=111.0
Na shuka kusa da baƙar fata baki da fari, Agate Donskoy, Augustow da Aleshenkin. Yankin Moscow yana da tabbataccen aiki. Shekaru 10 da suka gabata daga gare ta ne ta fara horar da su a cikin girki, mafaka, da dai sauransu. Ya jimre duk abin da, har ma da cewa na yi nadama a yanke shi, sannan ya sa shi a cikin trellis mita da rabi. Amma dandano ba cin abinci bane. Amma compotes na hunturu daga gare shi kawai mai dadi ne. Sauran an shuka su da dabbobin da aka dasa a cikin 2012. A bara, ba su ba su tsari kuma an tilasta musu yin girma kusan daga kututture. “Aleshenkin” bai dawo cikin hankalinsa kwata-kwata ba. Amma a Agate da White Moscow Yankin, ko da karamin karamin a cikin kakar. Kulawa da shayarwa sun yi kadan kadan bana bana iya kwatanta su da komai. Amma lokacin sayen sayayya a cikin gidan kore, na gwada su. Kuma ina la'akari da Agate da Augustow har ma da kayan zaki sosai don dandano. Ina fatan lokacin da zasuyi karfi kuma ya zama a bayyane yadda suke a cikin sabon wuri.
mishautina//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=880383&subrub=%CF%EB%EE%E4%EE%E2%FB%E5%20%EA%F3%F1%F2%E0%F0%ED%E8 % EA% E8
Yunkurin farko na shuka inabi shine kimanin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, iri daban daban Damask Rose da Lu'u-lu'u Saba. Sannan akwai Rusven, Kesha, Cosmonaut, Cardinal, Kishmish na Rasha, Aleshenkin, Agat Donskoy, Moscow Sustainable, Zilga, Isabella (na gaske), Amur. Kesha, ba shakka, gwarzo ne cikin sharuddan girman Berry, amma itacen inabi ya kasance mai ƙarfi, har zuwa 8 a kowace kakar, ripened talauci. Rusven fashe a kowane bazara. Lu'ulu'un Saba suna da daɗi, amma mai saurin kawo kuɗi. 'Yar sama jannati da Kishmish ba su da lafiya. Cardinal yana cikin farfadowa, amma yana da tarko - ban buƙata ba (ya girma ya makara), na yanke shi, yana girma kowace shekara. Zilga ta azabtar da iyawar ta yadda tayi girma har saida duk lokacin - ba tare da kauda kai ba, akwai tarin kayan da ba su da yawa.
Michurinka//dachniiotvet.galaktikalife.ru/viewtopic.php?t=801&start=60
Kwanan nan, gardenersan lambu da yawa sun nuna sha'awar sinadarai a cikin yankunan sanyi na ƙasar. Selectedan da aka zaɓa da kyau kuma an kiyaye shi da kyau don daji na hunturu baya jin tsoron ko da tsananin sanyi. Lura da dabarar yin noma da yin la’akari da wasu lamura, samun ingantaccen girbin innabi a Yankin Moscow ba shi da wahala kamar yadda ake gani da farko.
