Kayan lambu da farkon 'ya'yan itace ba koyaushe ne mafi yawan dadi ba, amma sun fi sha'awar. Lokacin da jiki ya rasa wannan ko wannan samfurin na dabi'a, baya tsinkaye da dabara, ba a farkon lokacin bazara zuwa jin daɗin gastronomic ba. Amma yawancin lokuta farkon nau'in kayan lambu suna da kyau a iyawa. Daga cikin tumatir, ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan shine Shuttle, mai ɗaukar kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launin ja da yawa.
Bayanin tumatir mara nauyi: halaye da yankuna na namo
Thean tumatir maraƙin iri na eninga ripan farkon an haɗa su a cikin Rijistar ofwararrun ofwararrun ofwararrun Federationasashen Rasha a 1997. Bisa hukuma, an ba da shawarar yin namo ƙasa a cikin ƙasa. Yankunan uku an ba su shawarar don narkar da: Central, Volga-Vyatka da Siberian West. Koyaya, an dasa shi a cikin matasai, kuma ba kawai a cikin waɗannan yankuna ba. Masu kula da lambun suna da masaniyar lambu ba wai kawai a cikin Rasha ba, har ma a cikin kasashe makwabta, alal misali, Ukraine, Belarus da Moldova.
Shittle shine zaɓi iri-iri na cikin gida: an saje shi a Cibiyar Binciken -wararrun Russianasa-Russianan Rasha da kuma Sea ofan psa Vegan kayan lambu Rajistar jihar ta ci gaba da yin amfani da ita a cikin lambunan gida da sauran ƙananan gonaki. Wannan farkon tumatir ne cikakke, tumatir na occursa occursan ta na faruwa kwanaki 82-121 bayan fitowar, wato, a tsakiyar ƙungiya, tumatir na farko ya huda sosai a ƙarshen watan Yuni, bayan da fruiting ɗin ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin sanyi.
Shiga daji yana da tsari sosai, madaidaiciya, kawai 40-45 cm tsayi, jigon yana da rauni, kazaran matsakaici ne matsakaici. Wannan gaskiyar tana sanya kyawawan nau'ikan kyawawan halaye ga mazaunan bazara waɗanda ke da ƙaramin makirci; wasu masu goyon baya suna haɓaka shi ko da a baranda. Ganyen suna da duhu kore a launi, matsakaici mai girma, mai sheki. Abubuwan inflorescences masu sauki ne: farkon su ya bayyana sama da ganye na 6 ko 7th, sannan kowane ganye 1 ko 2.
Bushes ba sa buƙatar tying, amma idan girbi ya yi girma, yawancin yan lambu har yanzu suna goyan bayan shi.
Shittle ne mai daban-daban capricious. Yana da ƙarancin kulawa a cikin kulawa, yana ba da amfanin gona mai kyau ko da a cikin ruwa mai sanyi da sanyi, yana ɗayan nau'ikan Siberian da gaske. Koyaya, irin ƙarfinsa ga cututtukan, gami da ƙarshen zafin rana, yana matakin matsakaicinsa. Saboda sosai m kara (da kuma Shuttle ne mai misali shuka), shi dispenses tare da garters ga goyon baya, ko da mai arzikin amfanin gona ba mamaye da bushes.
A Shuttle iri-iri ne dauke su superdeterminant: ba ya bukatar samuwar da pinching da kõme, kuma saboda ta compactness da kwanciyar hankali a sarari, 'ya'yan itãcen suna a ko'ina dumi a rana. Tun da bushes na ɗaukar sarari kaɗan, galibi ana shuka su: kowane 35-40 cm. Yawancin suna da sanyi sosai-da za'a iya shuka shi a cikin ƙasa mara kariya, har ma a cikin yankuna na arewacin. Duk da haka, mutane da yawa lambu da suke so su girma sosai farkon amfanin gona, dasa shuttles a greenhouses.
'Ya'yan itãcen wannan tumatir an shirya su ne a gungu a cikin bushes. Jimlar yawan amfanin ƙasa shine matsakaici, amma yayi kyau sosai don farkon iri: lambobin da aka saba sune 4-5 kg / m2rikodin - 8 kg / m2. 'Ya'yan itãcen itace ne a hankali.
Siffar 'ya'yan itacen yana da ban sha'awa, ba haka ba ne gama gari, don haka Shuttle yana da sauƙin ganewa a tsakanin sauran nau'ikan tumatir. Suna da elongated-oval, tare da hanci a saman, wani lokacin sukan ce "kamar barkono." Babu ɗanɗano, launi na ria rian itacen cikakke mai haske ja, na ɗakunan iri 2 ko 3. Tumatir suna da matsakaici, masu nauyin 25-55 g, sabili da haka ana iya amfani dasu ba kawai a cikin sabon nau'i ba, har ma don cikan-canning.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu nauyi zuwa 150 g ana bayanin su, amma don samun su, rarar amfanin gonar ya zama dole.
A ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne fleshy, mai dadi. Dankin, mai tsami da ɗanɗano, ana ɗaukarsa mai kyau ne, kuma kayan sunadarai suna ba da damar yin amfani da Shuttle a cikin abincin jariri. Amfanin gona yana da kyau kuma an adana shi na wani dogon lokaci: don kwanaki da yawa ba tare da firiji ba, ba a lura da canje-canje na waje da lalataccen dandano ba.
Bayyanar Tumatir
Wadanda suka san yadda yawancin nau'ikan barkono kararrawa suke kama da sauƙi suna iya bayanin siffar tumatir matattara. Har ila yau sun ce siffar 'ya'yan itacen yayi kama da na ainihi matattara. Amma yawancin lambu na zamani sun gan shi?
Saukad da 'ya'yan itace sun dace da yankan cikin zobba
A kan bushes, zaku iya ganin 'ya'yan nunann matakai daban-daban na ripening har ma da wasu masu girma dabam, tunda fruiting of Shuttle yana miƙe sosai cikin lokaci.
'Ya'yan itacen Shuttle suna miƙawa, saboda haka zaku iya ganin tumatir masu launi daban-daban akan bushes a lokaci guda
Abvantbuwan amfãni da kuma rashin amfanin iri-iri
Babu wani abin da ya dace, kuma idan muka karanta karatuttukan ra'ayoyi ne kawai game da wani abu, abubuwan tunani suna nuna cewa wannan ba gaskiya bane. Tabbas, tumatirin Shuttle yana da aibobi, gami da mahimman abubuwa. Amma babu shakka, yana da ƙarin damar amfani. Wannan misali:
- sanyi juriya daga iri-iri: ba shakka, bushes zai mutu cikin sanyi, amma shuka zai iya jure yanayin zafi sosai, kamar saukowar kaifi, a saukake;
- rashin buƙatar ƙirƙirar har ma da ɗaure daji: duk aikin a wannan batun yana iyakance ga cire ƙananan ganye yayin da 'ya'yan itãcen ke girma;
- mai kyau, don farkon farashi, yawan aiki;
- kyau sosai dandano na tumatir na farko.
- girman 'ya'yan itatuwa masu dacewa, ba da damar amfani da su don canning a daidaitattun bankuna;
- manufar amfanin gona ta duniya, ingancin abubuwan hawa da adana su a cikin sabon yanayi;
- tsawo na fruiting: fara farawa a watan Yuni, amfanin gona ya ci gaba da zuwa har lokacin sanyi.
Daga cikin minuses na iri-iri ana yawan lura da su:
- low jure cutar;
- raguwa cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa idan akwai sanyaya lokacin taro;
- wuce haddi acidity daga cikin 'ya'yan itacen.
- Rage mahimmancin dandano a lokacin canning.
Kyakkyawan fannoni, babu shakka, sunfi waɗanda ba su da kyau, don haka Shuttle yana jin daɗin daɗaɗɗiyar daraja da kuma shakkar shahararren tsakanin gardenersan wasan lambu na yawancin ƙasarmu. Babban bambanci daga mafi yawancin sauran tumatir cikakke, ba shakka, yana cikin hanyar 'ya'yan itatuwa: ba yawancin nau'ikan da ke da siffar barkono ba. Ba shi yiwuwa a yi la’akari da wannan a matsayin fa’ida, amma akwai mutane da yawa da suke son irin waɗannan tumatir: sun dace sosai a yanka cikin zobba, alal misali, sandwiches. Irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da kyau a kan tebur na idi. Tsarin tumatir na De Barao yana da ɗan kama da yawa, amma wannan nau'in ba ya cikin na farkon.
'Ya'yan' ya'yan itacen De Barao suna kama da Ciwan fari, amma akwai tsaka-tsakin yanayi na tsayi cikin daji mai tsayi.
Idan muka yi watsi da tsari, to, a tsakanin tumatir na cikakke, Shuttle shine ɗayan mafi kyawun, mai nasara cikin nasara, alal misali, tare da White Bulk ko Betta. Duk waɗannan nau'ikan suna da haɓaka mai dacewa, juriya ga cututtuka, da ɗanɗano 'ya'yan itatuwa: idan, alal misali, Farin Farin ya ci kaɗan cikin unpretentiousness, sannan Shutter cikin ladabi, da Betta a precocity. A zahiri, akwai ɗaruruwan tumatir da tumatir masu yawa, kuma kowane lambu yakan zaɓi wa kansa abubuwan da yake so.
Siffofin fasahar aikin gona
Ruhun tumatir ba shi da ma'ana, sabili da haka, yana da wuya a lura da mahimman kayan fasahar fasahar noma idan aka kwatanta da yawancin nau'ikan tumatir. Kamar kowane tumatir, an girma musamman ta hanyar seedlings. Yin shuka kai tsaye a gonar yana yiwuwa ne kawai a kudanci, kamar Yankin Krasnodar ko Yankin Astrakhan.
Dasa tumatir rufewa
Idan zamuyi magana game da yawancin yankin ƙasarmu, damuwa game da tumatir na rufe tumatir yana farawa a watan Maris. Akwai masoya da ke shuka tsaba a cikin tukwane tuni a cikin watan Fabrairu, amma wannan ya halatta kawai idan ɗakin yana da yuwuwar kyawawan tsire-tsire masu haske, kuma tumatir girma ya kamata ya kasance a cikin greenhouse. Tabbas, daga shuka iri zuwa shuki a gida don dasa shuki a gonar yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni biyu. Wannan shi ne ainihin abin da ya kamata a ɗauka a cikin zuciya lokacin yin lissafin lokacin shuka tsaba.
Lokacin dasa shuki seedlings a gado, yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 14 ba game daC, kuma yawan zafin jiki na iska kada ya faɗi ƙasa a ƙasa irin waɗannan ƙimar. Misali, a cikin yanayin Yankin Moscow, saukowa cikin ƙasa ba tare da mafaka ba zai yiwu a ƙarshen Mayu, kuma a cikin yankuna da yankuna na Siberia kawai a farkon lokacin bazara. Sabili da haka, farkon yanayin girma na shuka ya faɗi yawanci a cikin rabin Maris na biyu: alal misali, a yankin tsakiyar Black Earth a kusa da 15th, a arewacin yankuna - a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na watan.
Tsarin shirya tsiro ya haɗa da matakai masu zuwa.
- Tsarin iri (wannan na iya zama yalwataccen yanayi, kamuwa da cuta, bugun zuciya, tsiro). Mai lambu yanke shawarar ko ya aiwatar da duk ayyukan da kansa: kyawawan tsaba za a iya shuka da bushe, da kuma na dubious quality - yana da kyau don gudanar da duk ayyukan da ke sama. Ana shuka tsaba ta hanyar girgiza cikin 3% na maganin sodium chloride, bayan wanda ba nutsar da shi ana zubar dashi. Rashin daidaituwa tare da wanka na minti 20-30 a cikin duhu duhu na potassium permanganate. Girgiza shi ta hanyar kasancewa a cikin rigar zane don kwanaki 2-3 a cikin firiji. Germinate a cikin wannan zane har sai bayyanar ƙananan asalin sa.
An gama Germination lokacin da ilsan wuttukan wutsiyoyi kadan suka bayyana
- Preparationasa shiri. Abun da ya fi dacewa shi ne peat, humus da ƙasa mai kyau da aka ɗauka daidai. An kara hannu na ash na itace a cikin guga daga cikin cakuda, bayan da aka lalata kasar gona ta hanyar zuba ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan. Kuna iya siyan cakuda ƙasa wadda aka yi girki, ba kwa buƙatar yin wani abu da shi.
Lokacin sayen ƙasa a cikin shago, yana da kyau ku zaɓi wanda ya faɗi game da tumatir
- Shuka tsaba a cikin akwati. Kuna iya, ba shakka, kuma nan da nan a cikin kofuna na sirri, amma ya fi kyau da farko a cikin karamin akwati ko akwati, sannan kuma ku dasa. Tsawon ƙasa ya zama akalla 5 cm, an shirya shimfidar (ko ma bushe) a cikin tsaran tsiya da ruwa ya ɓoye na kusan 1.5 cm, yana riƙe da nisan kusan 2.5 cm a tsakninsu.
Duk wani akwati mai dacewa ya dace da shuka iri.
- Duk da yanayin zafin jiki. Bayan kwanaki 4-8 (dangane da shiri da zazzabi), harbe yakamata ya bayyana a cikin akwatin da aka rufe gilashi, bayan haka zazzabi ya rage nan da nan zuwa 16-18 ° C, kuma an ba da haske mafi girman yiwuwar (sill taga sill na al'ada ne a watan Maris). Bayan 'yan kwanaki, zazzabi ya tashi zuwa ɗakin zazzabi.
Yana da muhimmanci cewa shukakkun litattafan suna da haske daga sa'ar farko
- Sama-sama: ana aiwatarwa a mataki na 1 na waɗannan ƙananan ganye. Tumatir ana shuka su cikin kofuna daban ko a cikin babban akwati; A ƙarshen magana, nisa tsakanin tsirrai tana kusan 7 cm.
Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine samar da kowane tsirrai tare da tukunyar peat
Kulawar Seedling ya ƙunshi a cikin matsakaici na shayarwa kuma, mai yiwuwa, 1-2 ciyarwa tare da raunin bayani na kowane takin ƙasa mai rikitarwa (bisa ga umarnin don shi). Koyaya, idan girma ya zama na al'ada, yakamata kuyi takin sake: fattening seedlings basu da kyau fiye da waɗanda suke girma a cikin yanayin rayuwa. Don kwanaki 10 na dasa shuki a cikin lambun, ana kwashe seedlings lokaci-lokaci zuwa cikin iska mai sabo, yana shigar da tsire-tsire zuwa iska da ƙarancin zafi.
Ba lallai ba ne a yi tsammanin cewa bushes ɗin za su yi tsayi: a Shuttle, idan komai yayi kyau, seedlingsan itacen suna haɓaka m, mai ƙarfi, da wuya wuce tsayin 20-22 cm nan da watanni biyu. da kyau, idan a lokacin dasawa a cikin lambu 'yan buds sun kafa.
Dasa seedlings a cikin lambu yana da za'ayi tare da farko na gaske dumi weather. Kuma idan sun yi shuka a cikin ƙasa ba ta da kariya a tsakiyar tsinke Shuttle a ƙarshen Mayu, to, a cikin gidan talakawa - 2-3 makonni a baya. A cikin mai tsanani - kamar yadda seedlings suna shirye. Yana da mahimmanci cewa iska da ƙasa suna dumama.
An zaɓi yanki don tumatir don haka yana rufe daga sakamakon iska mai sanyi da hasken wuta mai kyau. Idan za ta yiwu, an shirya gado mai gonar a fall, yana shigo da shi allurai saba da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai. Tumatir ana buƙatar musamman don phosphorus, don haka allurai masu amfani sune guga na humus, ɗimbin katako na itace da kimanin 40 g na superphosphate da 1 m2.
Ta wannan hanyar, an shirya gado mai lambu a cikin greenhouse. Gaskiya ne, mai yiwuwa Shuttle da wuya a kira shi tumatir na kore. Dasa shi a cikin greenhouse ba shi da riba: ire-iren shinkafa yawanci suna da yawa, suna mamaye, in ya yiwu, ana samar da ɗayan duka, kuma babu sarari sama da Matakin. Amma wasu 'yan lambu waɗanda ke son iri-iri suna shuka ɗan adadin bushes a cikin greenhouse don faranta wa kansu da girbi na farko.
Motar ana shuka kamar densely: 40 cm tsakanin bushes ya riga ya kasance mai alatu. A saba saukowa dabara:
- Tono karamin rami tare da diba a wuraren da aka zaɓa, ƙara ɗan ƙaramin gida na kowane rami. Zai iya zama rabin gilashin ash ko cokalin kayan zaki na nitroammofoski. Da takin mai magani aka haɗu da ƙasa, bayan haka an shayar da rami.
Hanya mafi aminci don sanya "a cikin laka", don haka ramuka an riga an shayar dasu
- A hankali cire seedlings daga cikin akwati ko kofuna waɗanda tare da dunƙule na ƙasa kuma sanya shi a cikin ramuka, suna zurfafawa kusan ganye cotyledon. Tun da Shuttle yawanci baya fashewa yayin shirye-shiryen girke-girke, ba lallai sai a dasa shi ba.
Duk yadda kasan turbaya zata kasance, da zaran seedlings zasu dauki tushe
- Zuba tumatir da ruwa a zazzabi na 25-30 game daC da ciyawa kasar gona a kusa da bushes kadan.
Lokacin yin ruwa, zaka iya amfani da abin sha, amma a cikin wuta ya fi kyau kar ka samu ganyayyaki
Tabbas, yana da kyau idan ana yin wannan duk cikin yanayin girgije ko a maraice.
Kula da Tumatir
Kulawa da Suturar tumatir abu ne mai sauki. Ya haɗa da shayarwa, kwance ƙasa, sarrafa sako da kuma kayan miya a kai a kai. Mafi kyawun lokaci don shayarwa shine maraice, maimaitawa a cikin yanayin yau da kullun shine sau ɗaya a mako. Ruwa ya kamata ya zama mai dumi, dumama kowace rana a rana. Neman ruwan famfo ba da shawarar ba. Idan farfajiya na ƙasa ya zama kamar yashi, ya kamata a jinkirtawa ruwa: tumatir baya buƙatar ruwa mai yawa. Babban buƙatar ruwa shine a karo na farko bayan gama taro. Amma kamar yadda 'ya'yan itacen stains, watering muhimmanci rage, ko ma cire.
Bayan kowace ruwa ko ruwan sama mai zafi, ciyawar da ke kewayen tsire-tsire ta kasance cikin wadatuwa tare da halakar ciyawar a lokaci guda. Ana ba da takin gargajiya sau uku, sau 3-4 a kakar, ta yin amfani da takin ma'adinai cikakke. Lokaci na farko da ake ciyar da Shuttle tare da isowar ƙananan ƙwayoyin farko, girman ceri. Bayan ruwa, watsa 1 m2 kimanin 20 g na azofoska ko kuma irin wannan shiri, bayan wannan kuma ana sake shayar da su. Hakanan zaka iya narke taki a ruwa, sannan kayi dashi daga kangin ruwa.
Maimaita ciyar - kowane mako biyu ko uku. Madadin azofoska, zaka iya amfani da takin gargajiya - cakuda mullein da itace ash jiko, amma yana da kyau a daɗaɗa superphosphate na tumatir.
Kwanan nan, superphosphate yana wadatar da mafi yawan lokuta tare da nitrogen: wannan zaɓi ne mai kyau
Yawancin nau'in baya buƙatar tying da pinching, wanda ke sauƙaƙe kulawar har ma da mazaunin bazara mai ƙwarewa. Gardenersan lokaci ne kawai 'yan lambu da ke da gogewa suka datse wani yanki na furanni, ba su barin abubuwa sama da 4-5 a cikin buroshi don samun manyan .a .an itace. Wannan aikin ba ya shafar adadin amfanin daga daji.
A yankuna masu zaman kansu, da wuya su shiga fesawa daga tumatir daga cututtuka. Amma dole ne mu tuna cewa Shuttle ba ya da tsayayya sosai a kan ƙarshen bazara, wanda zai iya mamaye shi tare da babban sanyaya a rabi na biyu na bazara. A cikin gidajen katako, ana samun iska ta zama lallai: cikin taushi, iska mai laushi, barkewar duk wani hadadden cututtuka na yiwuwa. Duk da haka, a yanayin saukan yanayi bai da kyau sosai, yana da kyau a fesa kwalla tare da magungunan jama'a (kamar jiko na albasa Sikeli).
Idan an cutar da cutar, yi amfani da magunguna tare da taka tsantsan, ba tare da yin watsi da cikakken binciken umarnin ba.Daga gare su, idan zai yiwu, yana da daraja zaɓi mafi yawan abubuwan da ba mai guba ba, kamar Ridomil ko Fitosporin, musamman idan babu lokacin kaɗan kafin girbi.
Bidiyo: kula da nau'ikan tumatir mai ƙaddara
Sake Gani
Mota ya juya ya zama kyakkyawan unpreentious m farkon iri, girma a daji a cikin shaye gas da greenhouse, ba stepchild. Pretty dadi sabo, kuma yafi na kwalba. Ripen daga Yuli 10 lokacin da shuka a farkon Maris. Wani magidanci na gida ya ba wa 'ya'yan sa shuka, a cikin sa ya girka a cikin wata ciyawar da ba a girka ta ba daga tsakiyar watan Yuni. Yana shuka a ƙarshen Fabrairu kuma stepon don irin wannan farkon girbi.
Svetik
//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=4466.0
Na dasa Shuttle a cikin ƙasa. Blushes farko, da wuri. Amma ga greenhouse ba sosai, saboda low, ba ya amfani da sarari da sauri ƙare fruiting.
Freken 10
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=54336
Ina da kusan santimita santimita 70, har yanzu na ɗaure shi da sanda don kada ya yi walƙiya, ba zai yi rawar jiki ba, amma ina tsammanin zai yiwu, in ba haka ba ya juya ya yi girma da yawa. Tumatir suna da kyau, kirim mai kyau, mai 'ya'ya, peaƙƙar kwasfa, madaidaiciyar fatar jiki, ba mara lafiya ba, galibi ku je ɗawuna. Ba zan ci waɗannan sabo ba, idan wasu sun girma a kusa, Ina ƙaunar daɗin daɗin daɗaɗɗa, mai daɗin daɗayayye.
Vostrikova
//otvet.mail.ru/question/173993585
Na sadu da tumatir maraba da daɗewa, yana da kyau kwarai iri-iri, yana da sauƙi girma, yana tsayayya wa yanayin yanayi mai wahala, na girma cikin seedlings, seedlingsan itacen ba mai ba, suna faranta wa ido ido. Girma duka a cikin katako da kuma a cikin ƙasa bude, ba ya bukatar pinching, game da 50 santimita high, fruiting ne aiki da abokantaka, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ne, resistant zuwa fatattaka, farkon ripens a daji. Abin al'ajabi duka cikin sabo da salati a cikin gwangwani, suna da yawa kuma basa yaduwa ko fashewa lokacin da aka girbe su.
Oksana
//otzovik.com/review_5805440.html
Tomato Shuttle wakili ne na nau'in cikakke, wanda ya shahara ta hanyar tsayayya da yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Idan kuma cutar juriya ce, zai kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyawun iri. Amma ko da halin da ake ciki yanzu, Shuttle shahararren tumatir ne wanda ya shahara tsakanin mazaunan lambu mai son daga wurare daban-daban na canjin yanayi.
