Katarantus ne mai matukar ado da kuma unpretentious shuka da ke girma daidai da a gida kuma a cikin lambu. Gidan mallakar Kutra ne kuma an rarraba shi a cikin gandunan daji mai cike da haske na Madagascar. Yawancin membobinmu sun san catarantus a ƙarƙashin sunan "periwinkle", "Madagascar vinka", "loner", "tsohuwar budurwa" ko "cayenne jasmine". Tun da furanni baya jure sanyi, a cikin lambu an girma shi azaman shekara-shekara. A cikin tukwane da kuma Kudancin ƙasar zai zauna a wuri guda na shekaru da yawa, tare da kyawawan furanni da ƙyalƙyali mai laushi.
Bayanin Shuka
Katarantus shine kullun shekara ko na shekaru. Yana da tushen tushen, wanda aka rufe shi da yawancin hanyoyin filamentous kuma yana shimfiɗa 25-35 cm zurfi a cikin ƙasa.Kiraran da suka kafa sun yi kauri, ƙaƙƙarfan furanni masu tsayi zuwa sama da santimita 60. A cikin yanayin yanayin, tsayin daji na iya isa 1.5 m.
All harbe an rufe tare da m haushi na kore ko ruwan hoda launi. Ganyayyaki mara ƙyashi ko gajerun tsummoktsi a kan su. Fusoshin yana da kyau a kamanninsa tare da zagaye ko kaifi mai kaifi. Littafin ganye mai tsawon 2.5-8 cm ne kuma faɗin cm cm 3. Fatar fata mai laushi mai laushi fentin kore ne. Wani laushi na farin ciki bayyananne a fili a tsakiya.
Furen catharanthus a ƙarshen bazara. Ana buɗe fure a madadin, don haka furanni na iya ci gaba a gida koda a cikin hunturu. Furanni suna fure a cikin axils na ganye da kan fi na harbe, tara a cikin goge sako-sako. Corolla mai nunin kusan 3 cm yana da kamanni mai ƙanshi kuma ya ƙunshi manyan obovate biyar ko furanni masu kama da furen falle a gindi. A tsakiyar ɓangaren fure shine kunkuntar bututu, daga abin da launuka masu haske launin shuɗi ke nunawa ba kusa ba.
Bayan pollination, ganye mai rassa ya girma zuwa 5 cm a tsayi kuma har zuwa 3 mm faɗi. A ciki akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin elongated na launin baƙar fata tare da laushi mai laushi.
Yawan nau'ikan iri
A halin yanzu, asalin halittar Catharanthus ya hada da manyan nau'ikan 8 da nau'ikan kayan ado iri-iri. A al'adance, zaka iya samun ruwan hoda kawai Catharanthus. Itataccen ɗan itace ne mai ƙyalƙyali mai duhu tare da ganyen kore mai duhu mai duhu da furanni biyar da fararen fata da launuka daban-daban na ruwan hoda.
Brida'idodi na Hybrid suna da rarrabe sosai. Don saukakawa, suna rarrabuwa zuwa etungiyoyin varietal, a ciki wanda tsire-tsire na iya bambanta cikin tsari, launi na furanni da ganye, da kuma lokacin furanni. Mafi ban sha'awa sune rukunoni masu zuwa:
- Katarantus ampelous (cascade). Tsire-tsire masu fure tare da fadowa na tsawon cm 75-150. Tsarin an rufe shi da kyawawan ganyen ganye masu duhu da ƙananan furanni masu launin shuɗi waɗanda suke girma a ƙarshen harbe kuma a cikin ƙwayoyin ganye tare da tsawon tsawon.
Catharanthus mai girma - Aristocrat. Goge tare da kambi mai siffar zobe har zuwa 50 cm manyan blooms a cikin rabin na biyu na bazara tare da manyan (har zuwa 5 cm a diamita) furanni fari, Scarlet da ruwan hoda launuka. Tushen fure yana da launi mai bambantawa.
Aristocrat - Pacific. Karamin bushes 25-30 cm tsayi da 15-20 cm m fure ba sosai, amma bambanta a cikin manyan haske ganye. Furanni a ƙarshen harbe suna da halin halayyar a tsakiyar sannan ana fentin su cikin fararen da jan sautuna.
Pacific - Na farko sumbata. Kyakkyawan sylindrical 30-40 cm tsayi ya ƙunshi fure mai haske kore furanni da furanni har zuwa 6 cm a diamita tare da murjani, ruwan hoda, shunayya, filayen kifi.
Na farko sumbata
Noma
Yankin shuka yana ba ka damar sauri samun kyawawan tsire-tsire masu lafiya. A watan Mayu, zaku iya shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa bude. Don yin wannan, yi tsagi a cikin yanki mai tsabta. An rarraba tsaba a ko'ina tare da nisa na 3-5 cm kuma an rufe shi da duniya. Bayan shuka, shayar da ƙasa da hankali. Balagaggun tsire-tsire za'a iya dasa shi. Bloaractus blooms yawanci 2-2.5 watanni bayan shuka.
A farkon bazara, fara shuka seedlings. Dasa shi a cikin kananan kwantena tare da sako-sako da ƙasa mai dausayi. Kuna iya amfani da ƙasa don geraniums ko yin cakuda ƙasa daga kanku:
- tukunyar ƙasa
- humus;
- yashi;
- peat;
- turf ƙasar.
Kafin yin shuka, an shuka tsaba a cikin sa'o'i da yawa a cikin rauni mai sauƙi na potassiumganganate, sannan kuma an rarraba shi tare da nisan 3-4 cm a zurfin 1.5-2 cm. An rufe akwati da murfi ko fim. Ana ajiye shi a cikin ingantaccen fitila a zazzabi na + 24 ... + 25 ° C.
Harbe ya fara bayyana bayan sati guda, wanda a ciki an cire tsari. Ana shayar da kyawawan tsire-tsire masu kulawa tare da kulawa da ƙananan rabo. Bayan makonni 2-3, tare da bayyanar ganye na gaskiya guda huɗu, suna ɗaukar tukwane a kan tukwane na peat dabam. Kuna buƙatar hankali sosai kuma kada ku lalata tushen tushe. Yana da mahimmanci don kula da babban zafi.
A ƙarshen Mayu, an fara ɗaukar seedlings a waje don taurara. Za'a iya yin sauyawa waje kawai lokacin da matsakaita iska ta yau da kullun + 20 ° C da sama.
Zuwa wani wuri mai ɗorewa, an shuka mahaifa a cikin rukuni na tsire-tsire 2-3 don samar da gandun daji mafi girma. Nisa tsakanin irin wannan bushes ɗin yakamata ya zama cm 30-70, gwargwadon girman shuka na nau'ikan daban-daban.
Kayan lambu na yaduwa
Babban daji na catharanthus za'a iya yada shi ta hanyar rarrabuwa. Don yin wannan, a cikin bazara, lokacin dasawa, an yanke tushen tare da kaifi mai kaifi zuwa sassa 2-3. Wuraren yanka an yayyafa shi da gawayi da keɓaɓɓu sannan nan da nan sai a rarraba guda cikin tukunya daban.
A cikin bazara, a lokacin pruning, fi na mai tushe za a iya kafe. Yi wannan a cikin yashi mai laushi da cakuda ƙasa. Don lokacin bushewa, ana bada shawara don rufe cuttings tare da m hula kuma saka a cikin wurin da-lit. Tsire-tsire suna buƙatar samun iska a kowace rana da kuma fesa. Bayan tushen, an cire tsari kuma furanni suna girma kamar yadda suka saba.
Kulawar Gida
Kataranthus - tsire-tsire marasa fassara, sun dace da lambu ba tare da ƙwarewa ba. Koyaya, don cimma yalwataccen fure da kambin lush na iya zama lura da lambobi da yawa.
Haske Furen yana son zafin haske sosai. A titi an dasa shi a wuraren buɗe ko a cikin inuwa mai haske. Ana sanya tsire-tsire na cikin gida akan windowsill ko gabas ko yamma. Ya kamata a girgiza bushes daga hasken rana a cikin ɗakin, amma tare da samun iska ta yau da kullun ko kuma a cikin sabon iska, hasken rana kai tsaye baya jin tsoron su. Yana da matukar mahimmanci don kare cataranthus daga zayyana.
Zazzabi Wannan tsire-tsire na thermophilic yana jin mafi kyawun zafin jiki na + 20 ... + 25 ° C. A cikin hunturu, ya zama dole don tabbatar da lokacin hutawa da rage zafin jiki zuwa + 12 ... + 18 ° C. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, ana buƙatar ƙarin haske. Ba tare da shi ba, mai tushe zai shimfiɗa kuma ya rasa tasirin ado.
Haushi. A bushes da aka sa a high zafi duba mafi kyau. Dry iska yana rage jinkirin girma, kuma ganyen ganyayyaki ya bushe ya bushe. Kuna buƙatar fesa fure a kullun, a cikin yanayi mai zafi ana yin wannan sau da yawa a rana. Da kyau, idan za a sami akwatin kifaye ko tire tare da ɗakunan leya mai kusa.
Watse. A shuka bukatar a shayar akai-akai da yalwa, sabõda haka, kasar gona ko da yaushe dan kadan m. Dogon tsinkaye na ruwa an sabunta shi ne, shima ya zama tilas a rage kwanon bayan kowace ban ruwa. Ana amfani da ruwa don ban ruwa mai ɗumi da kyau.
Taki. Daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba, ana ciyar da Catharanthus sau biyu a wata. Ana amfani da ma'adanai na ma'adinai tare da babban abun da ke cikin phosphorus da potassium. Kafin fure, ana bada shawara don yin miya ta ɗabi'a ɗaya.
Mai jan tsami. Yarinya tsire-tsire akai-akai don su samar da adadi mai yawa na matakai na gewaye. A cikin bazara, an yanka bushes daga kashi na uku, wannan yana ba ku damar ci gaba da tsinkaye.
Juyawa Bushes mai saurin girma yana buƙatar juyawa shekara-shekara. Lokacin girma a cikin gida, ana aiwatar da hanya a cikin bazara ta hanyar natsuwa don kar a lalata tushen. Tukwane yakamata su kasance masu zurfin isa kuma basu da fadi da yawa. A lokacin rani, zaku iya shuka tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa bude, kuma a cikin kaka, kafin farkon yanayin sanyi, dole ne a mayar da su zuwa gonakin fure.
Cutar da kwari. A cikin ma m plantings kuma tare da dampness, fungal cututtuka ci gaba (tushen rot, ganye tsatsa). A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole don dasa shuka tare da sauyawa ƙasa kuma aiwatar da maganin kashe-kashe. Aphids, kwari kwari, kwari gizo-gizo da fararen fata zasu iya tsayawa akan ganyayyaki. A farkon alamar kamuwa, dole ne a bi da bushes tare da maganin kashe kwari ("Komandor", "Aktara", "Biotlin").
Yin amfani da Catharanthus
Karamin m bushes tare da launuka mai haske zai zama kyakkyawan tsari na kan iyakoki da kuma shirin farko na flowerbed. Suna girma a yawancin lokuta a cikin kwantena da kwalaye don balconies da baranda, da furanni na cikin gida na yau da kullun. Cataractus ampelous ana shuka shi cikin tukunya. Kyakkyawan tataccen koren bishi mai launin shuɗi tare da launuka masu launi suna jan hankalin mutane da yawa kuma suna burge shi da ƙanshinsa mai ƙanshi. Za'a iya amfani da Katarantus duka a shirye-shiryen fure da kuma azaman fararen huro. Yayi kyau tare da periwinkle, lobelia, balsam da petunia.
Baya ga kayan ado, ana kuma sanannen kayan magani na shuka. Ruwan Catharanthus ya ƙunshi kusan alkaloids 20. Tare da taimakonsu, yana yiwuwa a rage girman ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, polyps, adenomas. Ana amfani da tursasawa tare da tincture na barasa don maganin psoriasis, eczema da dermatitis na asalin asali.
Ga dukkan fa'idarsa, catharanthus tsire-tsire ne mai guba. Bayan aiki tare da shi, kuna buƙatar wanke hannayenku sosai. Idan akwai yara da dabbobi a gidan, dole ne a sanya fure a cikin wurin da ba zai yiwu a gare su ba.
