An ambaci itacen myrtle cikin littafi mai tsarki da kuma a cikin littattafan tsarki na tsufa. Mutane sun girmama wannan tsiron saboda furanni dusar ƙanƙara-fari da kuma ƙamshinsa mai ƙarfi. A kwana a tashi, suka fara girma kamar fure mai cikin gida.
Menene myrtle yayi kama, ga wane dangi
Iyali Myrtle sun haɗa da nau'ikan dozin daban-daban. Suna girma a cikin yanayin zafi da canjin yanayin ƙasa. Homelandasar asalin wannan shuka ita ce Rum. Myrtle yana girma a cikin filin bude. Ana amfani dashi a cikin shinge na keɓe; Na wasu nau'in myrtle, ana iya girma shinge.
Alamar kyakkyawa soyayya da wadata
A cikin canjin yanayin sanyi, ana ajiye myrtle a cikin daki ko greenhouse. Don girma a gida, jinsuna ɗaya na wannan shuka ya dace - myrtle gama gari (Myrtus communis). Wannan itace bishiyar har abada daga dangin Myrtaceae. Akwai yaɗu ba kawai cikin daji ba, har ma a cikin rukuni na amfanin gona na gona.
Hankali! Myrtle communis (gama gari) ana kuma kiranta Myrtus italica da Myrtus mucronata. Marsh myrtle (Hamedafne, Cassandra), wanda mallakar wani dangi ne, ba zai iya rikitar da wannan fure ba.
Myrtle na Afirka ana kiransa bishiyar Myrtine na Afirka. A waje, yana da alaƙa da Myrtus communis, amma waɗannan tsirrai biyu daban ne.
Talakawa myrtle shima bai kamata a gaurayesu da Chilean (Luma apiculata) - luma luma. Wannan shuka shima mallakar dangin Mirtov ne, amma ba shi da alaƙa da cikin gida Myrtus communis.
Boethics
Bayani da halaye na wannan shuka sun ƙunshi bayanai masu yawa. Itace mai kauri. Cikin gida myrtle - bonsai, wato, ƙaramin kwafi na tsire-tsire masu zafi mai tsayi. A cikin yanayin halitta, tsayin bishiyun ya kai mita 3 - 5. A gida, daji yana girma zuwa 60-100 cm, lokaci-lokaci har zuwa mita 2.
A kan akwati na bakin ciki ne rawanin furanni mai ƙarau na ganye mai launin fure a hankali. Kowane ganye yana da m kuma ɗan nuna kaɗan a ƙarshen. Ganyayyaki Myrtle suna da mahimman mayuka masu ƙanshi daga abin da ake ƙona turare.
An rufe kambi na myrtle da ƙananan furanni, wanda girmansa ya kai cm 2. Kowane fure yana da farar fata 5 zagaye. Wani lokaci zaku iya ganin furannin myrtle masu haske tare da cream, ruwan hoda ko launin shuɗi. Furanni suna kama da furanni godiya ga tsawon villi girma daga ainihin su.
Bayan ƙarshen lokacin furanni, an ɗaura 'ya'yan itaciya a kan itace. Sabbin furanni masu launin shuɗi ne masu launin shuɗi ko kore mai duhu a launi. Suna dauke da tsaba wanda zaku iya yada bishiyar.
Hadisai na bishiyoyi
Itace myrtle alamar tsarkin ruhi, ƙauna ta har abada, aminci. Yawancin bikin aure suna da alaƙa da shi. Amarya sun yiwa furannin myrtle furanni a gashinsu, sun haɗa su da mayafi da mayafi, suka tattara furanni daga wurinsu.
Don tunani! Kyautata myrtle ya kasance kyakkyawar kyautar aure: an gabatar dashi ga ango da ango tare da fatan soyayya, jituwa, wadata.
A zamanin d ity a, myrtle ya kasance sifa ce ta allahn ƙauna Aphrodite (Venus). Katolika suna ɗaukar wannan fure alama ce ta budurwa Maryamu. A cikin Ingila ta Victoria, ana amfani da wresths da bouquets daga myrtle a wurin bikin aure daga membobin gidan sarauta. Yawancin mutane suna da al'adar shuka myrtle bayan haihuwar 'ya mace kuma ta girma kafin bikinta. Wannan shuka ana ajiye shi a gida a matsayin talisman.
Yawancin nau'ikan
Myrtle shine tsire-tsire na gida wanda ya shahara saboda nau'ikan nau'ikan sa.
Daga cikinsu akwai wasu mashahurai:
- Boetica (Boetica) - a rare manyan-leaved iri-iri. Ganyenta ya girma zuwa tsawon 6-7 cm. Wasu lokuta suna karkatarwa kuma suna ɗaukar hoto mai ban sha'awa. Manyan furanni masu farin furanni masu fure a cikin daji. Daga gare su cikakke baki m berries. Wannan iri-iri yana girma a hankali.
- Flo Pleno (Flore Pleno) - fure furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara-fari da kyawawan ganye kore mai kyawun launi.
- Variegata (Variegata) - tsire-tsire iri-iri: akan ganyayyaki kore masu launin shuɗi ne. Wani lokaci akwai ganye da aka gyara tare da iyakar haske.
- Microfilla (Mycrophylla) - itace mai dwarf tare da ƙananan furanni da ganye.
- La Clape (La Clape) - yana girma cikin sauri. Daga furanninsa, manyan fruitsa purplean shunayya masu haske.
- La Clape Blanc iri ne da fararen fruitsya fruitsyan itãcen marmari.
Karamin
- Tarentina (Tarentina) - iri-daban-daban-leaved iri-iri. Kyakkyawan kambiɗinsa ya ƙunshi ganyayyaki na 1-1.5 cm. Yawancin furanni masu lush suna fure a jikin bishiya.
- Tarentina Granada (Tarentina Granada) - furanni sun juya zuwa farin berries.
- Tarentina Variegata wani nau'in halitta ne mai nau'in fure tare da farin-kore ganye.
- Microfilla Tarentina karamin iri ne.
- Alhambra (Alhambra) - Ganyen magarya a kan kambi mai yawa. Fruitsan fari fari sun furanni daga furanni.
- Leucocarpa - sunan iri-iri ya bayyana launin 'ya'yan itaciyarsa: farin berries.
- Compacta (Compacta) - ganye mai launin shuɗi mai haske ya samar da kambi mai yawa wanda aka lashe tare da furanni fari.
Alkhairi
Warkar da kaddarorin
Myrtle fure ne mai tsananin kyau. Amma an girma ba wai kawai don ado ba. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da kaddarorin da yawa masu amfani kuma ana amfani dashi don shirye-shiryen magunguna, kayan ƙanshi da kayan kwalliya.
Ganyayyaki, haushi da furanni suna da wadataccen mai mai, wanda ya productsunshi samfura masu canzawa. Wadannan abubuwa suna tsarkake iska ta gida. Sabili da haka, myrtle da ke girma a cikin dakin yana kare mutane daga ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, colds da rashin lafiyar jiki, yana ba da kuzari, kuma yana farfado da tsarin juyayi.
A zamanin da, ana amfani da kayan ado da tinctures daga wannan tsiron don magance tarin fuka, diphtheria, hanyoyin kumburi a cikin jiki, raunuka da adon jiki. Wine tincture na giya an kasance kamar panacea ga dukkan cututtukan. Shahararrun girke-girke ana san su don wane samfuran warkarwa don kula da fata an shirya su daga furannin myrtle da ganye. Ana amfani da berries na wannan shuka a dafa abinci azaman kayan ƙanshi.
Manyan ganye-ganye variegate
Siffofin kulawa da myrtle a gida
Myrtle fure ne na gida, kulawa wanda ba mai rikitarwa ba, amma zai buƙaci kulawa da halayyar da ta dace. Wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar yanayin dacewa. Mai furanni ya kamata ya san yadda za a kula da myrtle, sau nawa don ruwa, abinci, amfanin gona, dasawa.
Itace Bonsai
Zazzabi
Wajibi ne a san abin da yanayin myrtle yake ciki na girma: barin gida shine tabbatar da yanayin zazzabi mai kyau. A lokacin rani, shuka yana jin daɗin girma a +23 ° C.
A cikin hunturu, zazzabi a cikin dakin kada ya faɗi ƙasa +10 ° C.
Haske
The photophilous myrtle bukatar yalwatacce yaduwar hasken, Saboda haka a gare shi wajibi ne a zabi rana, amma dan kadan wurin. Hasken rana kai tsaye na iya ƙona kambi da daskararru.
Daidai ne don girma a daki
Za'a iya sanya itace a cikin baho a farfajiya, baranda, veranda. Zai dace in zabi windows da yake fuskantar gabas ko yamma.
- Wajibi ne a rufe taga ta kudu tare da labule ko makanta; wannan ba shine mafi kyawun wurin furanni na cikin gida ba.
- A taga ta arewa, an adana fure daga zafin bazara, amma a cikin hunturu bazai sami isasshen haske ba.
- Idan a cikin kaka da watanni na hunturu myrtle yana fama da rashin hasken, kuna buƙatar sanya fitila kusa da shi.
Shawara! Don hunturu, ana iya saita myrtle a cikin dafa abinci: zazzabi da zafi akwai sama da sauran ɗakuna.
Watse
Furen fure mai zafi bai yarda da fari ba, saboda haka dole ne a shayar dashi akai-akai da yalwa. Karku bar ƙasa ta bushe. Amma shuka ma ya cancanci yaduwar jini, saboda tushen sa na iya lalacewa.
A lokacin rani, ana shayar da myrtle kowace rana, kuma a cikin hunturu, sau 1-2 a mako. Dole ne a kare ruwa yayin rana.
Fesa
Myrtle shine shuka da aka saba da yanayin dumin yanayi. Sabili da haka, dole ne a fesa kullun tare da ruwa mai narkewa daga kwalban feshi.
A cikin matsanancin zafi, ana yayyafa tsire sau 2-3 a rana. A cikin hunturu, wannan ya kamata a yi yawa akai-akai.
Haushi
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don taimakawa ƙara yawan zafin jiki don myrtle. Kusa da shi kana buƙatar sanya ɗan kwano na ruwa. Hakanan zaka iya sa tukunya na myrtle a jikin kwalin wanda akwai busassun yumbu ko tsakuwa.
Lokacin ƙirƙirar daji, ana iya ba da kambi kowane nau'i
Kasar
Don girma myrtle, kuna buƙatar ƙasa mai kyau. An shirya shi daga bangarori da yawa:
- humus - 20%;
- peat - 30%;
- turf - 30%;
- yashi - 20%.
Dukkan abubuwan an haɗa su kuma an shayar dasu tare da raunin bayani na potassiumganganate. Greenasa akan ƙasa na iya zama dace da namo. A kasan tukunyar dole ne magudanar ruwa - perlite, yumɓu mai yumɓu, vermiculite.
Manyan miya
A cikin lokacin daga Maris zuwa Oktoba, myrtle yana buƙatar ciyar da sau ɗaya kowace mako 1-2. A cikin hunturu, ana yin sutturar miya sau ɗaya a wata. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da takin gargajiya da hadaddun ma'adinai.
Abubuwan da aka shirya na potassium-phosphorus suna ta da ciyawar itaciyar, kuma ana kiyaye nitrogenous da girman girman shuka.
Za'a iya yada bishiyar ta hanyar yanka ko tsaba.
Yaushe kuma yadda yake habaka
Myrtle zai yi fure a watan Yuni da Yuli: daga farkon ranakun zuwa tsakiyar ta. 'Ya'yan furanni masu kamshi.
Iri furanni
Akwai furanni iri biyu:
- mai sauki;
- terry.
Sun ƙunshi ƙananan furanni 4-6, waɗanda suke zagaye ko nunawa.
Tsarin fure
Akwai manyan siffofin furanni myrtle guda biyu. Su za a iya tattara a goge da inflorescences. A wasu nau'ikan, kowane fure yana haɗe da sinus ɗin ganye.
Yawancin furanni suna fure a saman kambi, inda ƙarin haske ya shiga. Fulawa tayi kimanin watanni 1.5. Sannan an ɗaure berries.
Canje-canje a cikin kulawar fure
Myrtle na fure yana buƙatar samun iska mai iska, saboda haka dole ne a sa shi a baranda ko wani yanki na waje. Ya kamata a datse harbe bayan fure, amma ba a farkon bazara ba.
Mai jan tsami
Dole ne a zana itacen ƙarami lokacin da ya kai cm 10-20. Wannan zai ba da damar kambi ya yi girma da yawa. Dole ne a ƙirƙiri ɗan daji. Don yin wannan, datsa harbe.
Zai dace a bar karin rassan gefen, saboda tushe mai saurin lalacewa ne. Clippers ko secateurs an riga an lalata su. Bayan wannan hanya, ana ciyar da shuka tare da takin mai magani ba tare da chlorine ba.
Yana blooms a watan Yuni da Yuli
Yadda myrtle yake
Myrtle yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba ko cuttings. Hanya ta farko tana daukar lokaci sosai da cin lokaci. Bugu da kari, tsaba basa rike kaddarorin mahaifiyar. Sabili da haka, an fi son grafting.
Shuka shuka
Farfagandar da iri:
- Shirya substrate kuma zuba ruwa mai yawa a kai.
- Shuka da tsaba da kuma yayyafa su da wani bakin ciki daga ƙasa.
- Rufe akwatin tare da gilashi ko polyethylene.
- Bayan makonni 2, dasa shuki a cikin kananan tukwane.
Rooting cuttings
Dasa iri:
- A lokacin ɗayan ɓoyayyun, ana cire ɗan iska mai ƙarfi daga bishiyar, wanda babu fure a kai.
- Daga tsaran 6-10 cm tsayi, an cire ƙananan ganye.
- A ƙasa da yanki ana bi da su tare da tushen haɓaka mai sa kuzari. Zaku iya sanya makulli a cikin ruwa wanda narkewa mai motsawa.
- Tushen ya samo tushe a cikin rigar substrate kuma an rufe shi da kwalban filastik.
- Bayan makonni 3-4, ana dasa su cikin manyan tukwane.
Juyawa
Sau ɗaya a shekara, kananan bishiyoyi suna buƙatar sake kafa su. Tushen tushensu ya faɗaɗa cikin falo, saboda haka suna buƙatar tukunyar da take da faɗi (yaƙin na 3.5 cm).
Manya da tsofaffin bishiyoyi za su iya rayuwa a cikin wannan bututun don shekaru 3-4. Ana aiwatar da daskarewa ne a cikin hunturu lokacin da shuka yake a hutawa. A cikin sabon akwati mai fadi, ana shirya magudanar ruwa da ƙasa mai kyau. Bayan wannan, myrtle dole ne a cire shi daga tsohuwar tukunya kuma a watsa shi cikin sabon. Bayan haka, ana shayar da shi da ciyarwa.
M ko fari 'ya'yan itace
Matsaloli masu yuwuwar girma cikin girma myrtle
Myrtle fure ne na cikin gida, saboda haka bashi da wahala a kula dashi. Ko ta yaya, matsaloli na iya tasowa. Sannan masu noman fure suna neman gano dalilin da yasa itaciyar ba ta yi fure ba, ta bushe kuma ta bushe, wane irin kulawa yake buƙata. Wannan inji mai sauki ne wajen farfadowa.
Discards buds da ganye
Rashin yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin zafi yana haifar da faduwa da kambi. Hakanan yana iya nuna rashin dacewa da rashin abinci mai kyau.
Bar juya kodadde
Sakamakon karancin haske, ganyen yana yin kodadde kuma rassa suna tsawaita tsayi. Myrtle dole ne a sake shirya shi zuwa wurin da yafi haske. Saboda zafin rana, ganyayyaki sun zama mara nauyi.
Hanyoyin sun bushe a cikin ganyayyaki
Hasken rana kai tsaye yana ƙone ciyawar, saboda abin da yake bushewa. Wannan yana haifar da rashin isasshen iska.
Leavesanan ganyayyaki sun faɗi a ƙasa
Dalilin faɗuwar ganye na iya zama da yawa:
- bushe iska
- karancin takin zamani;
- ma ma'ana ko kuma yalwataccen ruwa;
- rashin rana.
Karin kwari
Irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da haɗari ga shuka:
- thrips;
- aphids;
- sikelin garkuwa;
- whitefly;
- gizo-gizo mite.
Ana bi da itacen sau da yawa tare da kwari.
Sauran matsaloli
Tushen da tushe daga tushe na iya rot. Wannan shi ne saboda wuce haddi danshi. Dankin zai mutu, ba za a iya warkewa ba.
Gyaran Gida da Lambuna
Myrtle shine shuka mai ban mamaki wanda za'a iya girma a gidan. Shekaru da yawa zai gamshi mai girbi da furanni masu ƙoshi da ƙanshi mai daɗi. Saboda waɗannan halayen an ɗauke shi fure mai tsarki.
