Cherry Novella: bayanin abubuwa iri-iri da fasalin namo

Sabbin nau'in cherries, waɗanda suka haɗa da Novella, suna da halaye da yawa masu kyau ga lambu. Su ne masu 'ya'ya, da tsayayya da cututtuka, da sanyi-mai tsauri. Don girma cherry Novella, ba kwa buƙatar zama babban masanin lambu.

Bayanin velan Kalami na Novella

An kirkiro nau'in ceri iri-iri na Novella a Cibiyar Bincike ta Duk-Rasha don Tsarin ruitaukar 'Ya'yan itace (VNIISPK). Ranar rajistar hukuma ita ce 2001.

Tsawon ceri na ɗan adam bai wuce 3 m ba, an ɗora kambi ɗanɗano, ya samar da sifa mai zagaye, ɓawon burodi mai duhu gyada a launi. Ganye suna duhu kore, suna da inuwa matte. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an ɗora su akan rassan bouquet da kuma haɓakar matasa. Suna da nau'i mai zagaye tare da ɗan ɗan kwalin ɗan kwalliyar ciki da ƙaramin rami. Yawan ceri ne 4.5-5 g, dandano mai daɗi ne-mai daɗi, bisa ga tsarin maki biyar yana da darajar 4.2. Berries ba crack tare da wuce haddi danshi, jure wa harkokin sufuri da kyau.

A Berry, ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara na Novella ana fentin su a cikin launin duhu mai duhu, lokacin da' ya'yan itaciyar suka cika cikakke, sun zama kusan baki

A iri ne partially kai pollinated. Recommendedaddamar da pollination tare da nau'ikan ceri masu zuwa ana bada shawarar:

Vladimirskaya
Donna Kwat,
Yarinyar Chocolate.

Dangane da bayanin VNIISPK, 'ya'yan itace suna faruwa a shekara ta 4. Blossed fure a cikin matsakaicin lokacin wannan al'ada (Mayu 10-18). Gajeriyar labarin tana magana ne game da nau'ikan-bishewa, lokacin tumatir shine mako na uku na Yuli. Dukkanin 'ya'yan itatuwa sun girma kusan lokaci guda - a cikin fewan kwanaki. Kuna iya tattarawa har zuwa kilogiram 19 na 'ya'yan itace daga bishiya ɗaya (yawan amfanin ƙasa - 15 kg).

Daga ɗayan itacen ceri na Novella, zaku iya tattarawa har kilogiram 19 na rian rian awaki

Fasali damar:

juriya ga cututtukan fungal (coccomycosis da moniliosis);
mai kyau hunturu hardiness daga itacen.

Misalai:

matsakaici sanyi juriya na fure fure;
Rashin kwanciyar hankali: a cikin shekaru daban-daban taro na amfanin da aka samu na iya zama daban.

Dasa cherries

Shuka cherries ba matsala ba ce.

Zabin Seedling

Don dasa, bishiyoyi na shekara-shekara ko na shekara biyu sun dace, tsofaffi suna ɗaukar mummunan yanayin kuma ba'a bada shawarar siyan ba. Kimanin girman irin wannan tsiron:

70-80 cm - shekara-shekara;
100-110 cm - shekaru biyu.

Nurseries marasa lalacewa suna iya bayar da kayan shuka wanda aka haɓaka tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen. Irin waɗannan bishiyoyi suna da kyakkyawar bayyanar, amma rayuwarsu a cikin wani sabon wuri ya ragu sosai. Lingsa Seedan da ke girma a kan nitrogen suna da filayen kore a jikin haushi a cikin ɗigo-ɗigo da ratsi, kuma ceri na halitta ya kamata ya zama ruwan kasa tare da launin siliki.

Lokacin zabar kayan dasa, an fi son tsarin tushen rufaffiyar, amma a lokaci guda kana buƙatar tabbatar da amincin mai siye. Tsarin tushen yakamata a bayyana shi sosai, ba a yanke shi ba, yana da tushen ƙauri sama da ɗaya, kasancewar fibrillation a kewayen babban shagon ya zama dole.

Lokacin zabar ceri seedlings tare da bude tushen tsarin, kula da tushen: dole ne su zama da tsare, ba yankan yanke, da fibrillation a kusa da babban tushe

Sanya cherries

Dukkanin bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace, ciki har da cherries, sun fi son tsaka tsaki ko ƙarancin alkaline ƙasa tare da pH = 6.5-7. Wannan shine muhimmin mahimmanci wanda ke shafar rayuwar rayuwa na zuriya da kuma yawan amfanin bishiyar girma.

Za a iya tantance acidity na ƙasa cikin sauƙi ta amfani da kit na musamman tare da takaddun litmus ko ciyawar da ke ci gaba a kan yanar gizo (creeping wheatgrass, odo chamomile, coltsfoot, bindweed filin, Clover, poppy filin barkono, Clover, filin bindweed filin, alkali akan alkaline ƙasa fararen, a kan m - horsetail).

A kan kasa na acidic, ana buƙatar liming lokacin dasa.

Lokacin dasa shuki cherries, yana da buqatar yin la’akari da yanayin rubutun shafin:

Cherry ba ta kasancewa a cikin ramuka, rami mai zurfi, gullies; wuri mai kyau shine gangara karamin tsauni mai tsaunin 5-8 °. Idan babu wani haɓaka a cikin yankin, zaku iya shuka a kan jirgin sama;
mafi kyawun daidaituwa shine yamma. Saukowa a gefen kudu ba a so, saboda a wannan yanayin boles suna yawan lalacewa a lokacin sanyi, kuma cherries da ke girma a gefen kudu sun fi shafar lokacin bazara. An ba da izinin masaukin na Gabas A cikin koyarwar arewa, ceri na fure daga baya kuma dandano 'ya'yan itaccan sun fi acidic;
an zaba wurin domin kwayar ceri tana da ɗan iska ta hura, iska ta hure shi kusa.
Wurin da aka zaɓa ceri domin ƙashin iska ya ɗan iska kaɗan

Lokacin da aka dasa bishiyoyi da yawa, ana kiyaye nisan kusan 3 m tsakanin su.

Lokacin sauka

Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shine lokacin bazara, lokacin kafin a buɗe furanni - wannan ya dace da watan Afrilu. Cherry seedling, wanda ganye fara Bloom, yana da inganci mara kyau.

Idan ba zai yuwu ku sayi kayan dasawa a lokacin da aka kayyade ba, zaku iya ɗaukar seedling a faɗo bayan faɗuwar ganye kuma ku adana har sai lokacin bazara, sannan kuma ku dasa shi a lokacin da aka ba da shawarar. Irin wannan seedling an ajiye shi a kwance a cikin wani karamin tare maɓuɓɓuga, yana rufe gaba ɗaya jikin akwati tare da ƙasa. Kambin ba ya bushe, an rufe shi da kayan mai yawa don kare shi daga mice. A cikin hunturu, ana jefa ƙarin dusar ƙanƙara a wannan wurin.

Daidai binne seedlings ana kiyaye su har sai lokacin bazara.

Kiwon tsirrai na dasa shuki

Ana iya wakiltar wannan aikin a cikin nau'i na matakai da yawa da aka nuna a hoton.

Dasa ceri seedling ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa

Bari muyi la’akari da kowane mataki daki-daki:

Ranar da za a shuka ceri, an cire shi da kyau a cikin akwati, an daidaita dukkan tushen kuma an sanya shi a cikin mafita daga tushen mai ƙarfafawa (Heteroauxin, Kornevin). Idan aka sayi seedling ba tare da akwati ba, kuma an rufe tsarin tushen da yumɓu, dole ne a fara kashe shi.
An haƙa rami 60 × 60 × 60 cm a girma. Don kasa mai nauyi, zurfin ya zama dan kadan kuma an shimfiɗa magudanar a ƙasan. Idan ruwan karkashin kasa yana kusa (ƙasa da 3 m), don dasa cherries sanya magudanar ƙarfi 60-70 cm. Lokacin da rami rami, za a fitar da miyar ƙasa (20 zuwa 40 cm dangane da nau'in ƙasa) dabam da ƙasa na ƙananan Layer.
Ramin ceri ya kamata 60 × 60 × 60 cm
Ana shirya cakuda don cike ramin: ƙasa mai daɗin rami, guga na tsohon humus (aƙalla shekaru uku) ko takin da aka juya, guga na peat; idan ya cancanta, ana ƙara kayan liman: gari dolomite, ash, egghell ko lemun tsami. Idan babu takin gargajiya, za'a iya amfani da superphosphate (40 g) da potassium chloride (25 g). Nitrogen takin mai magani ba su bayar da gudummawa yayin dasawa.
Kafin sanyawa a cikin rami, tukwane mahimman tushen sa an datse. Kuma a kan 1-2 cm an cire fipling na sapling.
Mara lafiya da bushe Tushen suna yanke, da yanke jirgin ya kamata a perpendicular zuwa ga tushen
Wani ɓangare na cakudaddun m an kafa su a ƙasan ramin kuma an sanya seedling a kai, yana nunawa don shafin yanar gizon yana cikin gefen arewacin tushe. Matsayi mai tsayi ya kamata ya ba da ɗaukar hoto tare da ƙasa zuwa tushen wuyan itace, i.e., duk tushen dole ne ya kasance a cikin ƙasa.
Za'a iya tantance wurin ƙyamar da lanƙwashin akwati da tabarau daban-daban na launi na haushi
An rufe ramin a hankali tare da cakuda m, tabbatar da cewa tushen bai lanƙwasa ba. Bayan kowace santimita-santimita goma, an zubar da ƙasa daga mayukan shayarwa. Incregnation tare da ruwa zai tabbatar da madaidaicin Fit na duniya zuwa ga tushen shuka da tamping kasar gona ba a bukatar. Laidasan ƙasa na ƙananan Layer an shimfiɗa shi a ƙarshen ƙarshe, tunda ba ya tuntuɓar tushen kuma baya tasiri a cikin abincin abinci na cherries.
Kusa da itacen ɗan itacen, yana da kyau a kori gungume kuma a wurare biyu a haɗa haɗe da bishiyar. Don haka ceri zai iya tsayayya da iskan iska.

A cikin kwanaki 7-10, sabon ceri da aka shuka ya kamata a shayar da shi kowace rana (aƙalla 10 l). Don hana ruwa yada shi, zai fi kyau a yi madauwari.

Bidiyo: yadda ake dasa ceri

Siffofin girma ceri Novella

Tare da ingantaccen fasaha na aikin gona, ceri Novella zai samar da babban amfanin shekaru ashirin.

Watse

A cikin shekarar dasa shuki, itace yakan shayar da ruwa sau ɗaya (sau ɗaya a kowace kwana biyar) don kada ƙasa ta kewayen akwati ba ta bushewa. Bayan an yi ruwa, ƙasa ta kwance kuma, idan ya cancanta, an share ciyawa. Lokacin amfani da ciyawa, ana adana danshi a cikin ƙasa, wanda zai rage adadin ruwa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana shayar da cherries kawai a cikin rani bushe ba sau 2 a wata.

Maƙwabta tare da wasu tsirrai

Lokacin dasa cherries, yana da mahimmanci a la'akari da maƙwabta. Kai pollination tabbacin ba fiye da 20% na amfanin gona da aka cire by pollination tare da wani iri. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a sami (kusa da radius na 40 m) kusa da ɗayan cherries da aka ba da shawarar a sama.

Sauran bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace sun dace kamar sauran maƙwabta, muddin ba su ɓoye kambi ba. Bushes bushes (blackcurrant, buckthorn teku, blackberry, rasberi) ba a bada shawarar don kusancin ba. Kuna iya dasa kowane tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire masu ƙauna tare da tsarin tushen na sama, kamar yadda suke tabbatar da kiyaye danshi a cikin ƙasa.

Shirye-shiryen hunturu

Kyakkyawan juriya na sanyi na Novella yana da tabbas ne kawai ga yankuna da aka nuna akan shafin yanar gizon VNIISPK a cikin bayanin wannan nau'ikan: waɗannan sune yankunan Oryol, Lipetsk, Tambov, Kursk da Voronezh.

A kowane hali, itaciyar tana shirye don hunturu:

Bayan ganye ya faɗi, ana yin ban ruwa na ƙasa na ƙasa.
Bayan haka, an yi zagaye da akwati tare da peat ko takin (a cikin rashi, za ku iya ƙara ƙara Layer na ƙasa).
Bayan ban ruwa-ruwa ban ruwa na cherries, da'irar akwati ne mulched da peat ko humus
Bayan dusar ƙanƙara, yi dusar ƙanƙara a kusa da akwati. Zaku iya rufe shi da bambaro a saman. Wannan gwargwado yana hana farkon fure, wanda zai kare ovaries daga sanyi na ƙarshe.

Mai jan tsami

Na farko pruning ne da za'ayi nan da nan bayan dasa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, mafi kyawun lokacin don ƙirƙirar kambi shine bazara har sai furanni sun buɗe (rabin rabin Maris), yayin da zafin jiki na iska kada ya zama ƙasa da -5 ⁰C. Za'a iya aiwatar da lamuran santsi a cikin bazara, amma galibi waɗannan nau'ikan ayyukan guda biyu suna haɗuwa.

Idan kana buƙatar yin yankan akan ƙodan na waje (alal misali, don guje wa tokar rawanin da kuma sanya reshen waje), to sai a yanke wani abu (kusan 45 °) a nesa na 0.5 cm daga waje na fuskantar koda

An kafa kambi na ceri na Novel da nau'in sikirin-kunkuru.

Tebur: samuwar kambi mai ƙoshin itacen ceri

Shekarar trimming	Abinda yakamata ayi
Seedan itacen shekara-shekara	Don ƙirƙirar tushe, an cire dukkanin harbe a ƙasa 30-40 cm daga ƙasa. Daga cikin ragowar harbe, ana barin ganyen 4-5 mafi karfi, yakamata a kasance a kan bangarori daban-daban na akwati a nesa na 10-15 cm daga juna kuma a tashi daga mai gudanarwa ta tsakiya a kusurwar 40-50 °. Ana yanke harbe-harbe na Lateral domin kada tsayin su ya wuce 30 cm. Matsakaiciyar mai gudanarwa ta takaice zuwa tsayi mafi girma reshe na reshe ta 15-25 cm Idan seedling na shekara-shekara ba tare da rassan ba, to, an yanke shi zuwa 80 cm, kuma na gaba shekara ana yin kayan kwalliya kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama
Shekaru biyu da haihuwa seedling	Don ƙirƙirar bene na biyu, an zaɓi 2-3 daga harbe na shekara-shekara, ana gajarta su da kwata. Idan tsawonsu ba su wuce 30 cm ba, to ba lallai ba ne a gajarta. All sauran shekara-shekara gefen harbe an cire. Don fitar da rawanin na bakin ciki, dukkan harbe an yi musu jagora a ciki, da waɗanda suka girma a kan kara, ana yanke su. Rassan kasusuwa na bara sun takaita zuwa 40 cm. Twigs na ci gaban bara an yanke zuwa 30 cm
Na uku	Ana yin rukuni na gaba kamar yadda yake a shekarar da ta gabata. Thinning na kambi ana yi. An yanke girman shekara zuwa 40 cm. Rassayen gutsiyoyi masu gajeru zuwa 60 cm
Na huxu kuma shekaru masu zuwa	A matsayinka na mai mulki, ta shekara ta huɗu, an riga an kafa kambi na itacen kuma ya ƙunshi tsinken tsakiya (ingantaccen tsayi shine 2.5-3 m) da kuma rassan kwarangwal 8-10. Don iyakance haɓakar cherries, saman an sa shi 5 cm sama da reshe na ƙashi mafi kusa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, cherries suna buƙatar kawai tsabtatawa da rigakafin tsufa

Ba a taƙaita harbe matasa zuwa ga ƙarancin ƙasa da 40 cm ba domin rassan bouquet na iya kafa su.

An kafa reshen bouquet a kan harbe 30-40 cm tsayi

A nan gaba, yana kan waɗannan rassa waɗanda 'ya'yan itatuwa masu zaki za su yi girma.

Bidiyo: iri irin itacen ceri iri-iri

Aikace-aikacen taki

A cikin farkon shekarar dasa, ba a yin kayan miya ba, ya isa cewa an ƙara lokacin dasa. Lokacin amfani da takin mai magani, dole ne mutum yayi la'akari da cewa ƙarancinsu yana cutar da ceri.

Tebur: Tsarin abincin ceri

Lokaci na Aikace-aikace	Manyan miya
Lokacin bazara	Kafin fure, foliar saman miya ne da za'ayi tare da wani bayani mai ruwa-ruwa na urea (25 g / 10 l) ko kuma wani yanki na akwati da'irar da ammonium nitrate 15 g / m^2; Itatuwan fruiting kuma suna takin lokacin furanni: 1 lita na mullein da tabarau 2 na ash a guga na ruwa. An gabatar da 10-20 l na kayan miya mai tsayi; Makonni biyu bayan haka, ana yin suttura-potassium a sama: 1 tbsp. cokali na potassium sulfate da 1.5 tbsp. tablespoons na superphosphate a cikin lita 10 na ruwa. Adadin aikace-aikacen: 8 l / 1 m²
Lokacin rani	Gasar saman miya ana yin ta ne kawai domin itatuwan 'ya'yan itace: A farkon lokacin bazara, ana amfani da takin nitrogen (30 g / m²); a watan Agusta, aka fesa tare da bayani na superphosphate 25 g / 10 l, zaka iya amfani da maganin ash (2 kofuna waɗanda a kowace 10 l)
Fadowa	Taimakawa superphosphate (150-300 g / m²) da potassium chloride (50-100 g / m²) Ga ƙananan bishiyoyi, ƙa'idar ta zama sau 2 ƙasa, don cherries girmi shekaru 7 - sau 1.5 more. Kowane shekaru 3-4 suna yin takin ko taki. Bayan sanyi na farko, ana yayyafa bishiyoyi tare da maganin urea (30 g / m²)

Cutar da kwari

An ƙirƙiri bambance bambancen Novella a kan tushen ceri da ceri tsuntsu (cerapadus). Wannan yana da alaƙa da juriyarsa ta sanyi da juriya ga cututtukan fungal, kuma kusan hakan ba zai iya faruwa da kwari. Saboda haka, iri-iri baya buƙatar kulawa da magungunan kashe qwari da fungicides.

Ra'ayoyi game da Cherry Novella

Cherry Novella ta nuna kanta a duk ɗaukakarta don shekara ta biyar. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da babban bayyanar, sun kasance baƙar fata-baƙar fata kuma suna da dandano mai daɗin ɗanɗano tare da ƙwallan ceri Kowace shekara, ceri na Novella ya juya ya zama itace mai kama da daji. Rassanta suna ta yaɗu, har zuwa ƙasa. Bayan shekaru 8, itaciyar tana da fiye da mita uku, wanda ke sauƙaƙe girbi na ceri cikakke.
Nikolaevna
//otzyvy.pro/reviews/otzyvy-vishnya-novella-109248.html

Ina son wannan labari sosai - saurin-girma, mai tsayayya da namomin kaza da farkon lokacin girbi. A lokaci guda, baya rasa ci gaba. Babban kayan zaki.
Zener
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148&start=2025

A wannan shekara na yi allurar rigakafi na Novella. Yana da m cewa iri-iri ba sosai gama gari tare da jure cutar.
Jackyx
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148&start=2025

Novella ceri iri-iri ne unpretentious a barin. Tare da ɗan ƙoƙari kaɗan, zaka sami girbi mai kyau daga irin itacen. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa 'ya'yan itacen Novella suna da aikace-aikacen duniya: zaku iya yin matsawa, yin ruwan inabi ko kuma kawai ku ji daɗin kayan zaki mai ban mamaki.