Noma aikin gona shine kimiyya mai zurfi. Sayen babban gonar ƙasa da dasa shuki wasu albarkatu akan shi baya nufin samun girbi mai kyau da yin kudi mai yawa. A cikin masana'antun masana'antu, kowane daki-daki da daki-daki yana da mahimmanci, saboda tsire-tsire da albarkatun gona suna buƙatar kulawa da kulawa na musamman, kuma ƙasar, wadda ke ba su abinci mai gina jiki don bunkasa da ci gaba, ya kamata a hadu da shi kuma ba a yi amfani da al'adun rayuwa ba.
Idan kai mai girmankai ne wanda ke da makircin gonaki, komai idan ya kasance babba ne ko kadan, kuma kakan shuka wani abu akan shi, abin da ke bayanka shine. Kasar gona na bukatar ci gaba mai yawa, saboda ana iya lalata kuma ya rasa haihuwa. Akwai hanyoyi na wucin gadi na takin ƙasa, kuma akwai tsire-tsire wanda zai iya kawar da saman Layer na kasar gona daga ciyawa kuma ya inganta ma'adanin ma'adinai. Wadannan tsire-tsire sun hada da hatsi. Bari mu gano dalla-dalla yadda alkama zasu iya taimakawa ƙasa, lokacin da yadda za a shuka shi a matsayin raguwa - a cikin fall ko spring, da abin da za a yi da tsire-tsire masu girma.
Me yasa suke shuka yan bangare?
Yankunan suna girma ba don abinci ko sayarwa ba. Wadannan tsire-tsire ne da nauyin sinadarai na musamman wanda zai iya mayar da ƙasa ta sauran ƙasa da kuma shirya shi domin kakar girbi na gaba. Ba a tattara su kuma ba a girbe su ba. 
Irin shuke-shuke An yi noma a cikin kasa ba da daɗewa ba kafin furaninsu - idan a cikin koren stalks mafi yawan nitrogen da sauran abubuwa masu muhimmanci.
Yana da muhimmanci! Irin amfanin gona a matsayin beets yana bushe ƙasa sosai a lokacin girma, don haka amfani da hatsi a matsayin gefe bayan amfanin gona na amfanin gona ba zai yi aiki ba - zai ɗauki ruwa mai yawa a lokacin watering ko bushe kafin shi ya fara. Amma kafin shuka shuka yana da matukar amfani. - Tushen wannan ciyawa mai kyau, mai gina jiki kuma yana riƙe da danshi a cikin ƙasa.
Tushen su da sauri suna samun abincin da ake kira kore, wanda, bayan noma, ya zama takin mai magani, da kuma tsarin tushen tsabta yana kama dukkan tudun ƙasa, yana hana ƙananan daga ɓullo. Wadannan ganye da suke sarrafawa don bazawa basu karbi isasshen hasken rana ba saboda murfin kullun da suka mutu kuma suka mutu. Bugu da ƙari, tushen tsarin tsarin yankuna ya shiga ƙasa, inganta ƙwayar narkewar ruwan sama da ruwan sama, oxygen, kuma yana kare kyawawan layi daga busawa a cikin yankunan da iskar iska ta mamaye. 
Naman a matsayin haɗin gwiwa: menene darajar da rashin amfani
Bugu da ƙari, ganyayyaki, yawanci girma a matsayin yan bangare, hatsin rai, sha'ir da hatsi suna da kyau sosai. Abincin yana daya daga cikin amfanin gona na tsohuwar hatsi, mutane sun dasa shi a cikin bazara da kuma lokacin hunturu a matsayin tsaka, lokacin da hatsin rai da alkama basu rigaya ba.
Darajar hatsi kamar haka:
- Masarrafan protein. Its mai tushe ne musamman na gina jiki - suna dauke da mai yawa furotin mai mahimmanci, fiye da alfalfa da clover.
- Ma'adinai na ma'adinai. Akwai kananan nitrogen a cikin hatsi fiye da hatsin rai, amma akwai yalwar potassium da phosphorus a ciki. Yana wadatar ƙasa mai laushi.
- Aeration. Wannan ciyawa yana da karfi tushen tsarin - shi loosens ƙasa ƙasa tare da iko tushen da kuma, ban da bitamin enrichment, tabbatar da oxygen enrichment.
- Ƙarfafawa. Saki, ƙasa mara kyau, wannan tsarin tushen, wanda akasin haka, ya ɗauka, don haka ciyawa mai kyau ne ga kowane irin ƙasa.
- Herbicidal Properties. Turawa, wannan ciyawa yana da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, mai tushe yana kusa da juna, sabili da haka babu tsire-tsire a tsakanin wannan amfanin gona zai iya fitowa - yana kawai ya nutsar da su.
- Unpretentiousness. Ga kasar gona wannan ciyawa ne wanda bai dace ba, yana tsiro a kan loams, ƙasa baƙar fata, peat bogs, yumbu da yashi kasa. Agrarian mafarki!
- Yawan aiki Bisa ga mutum ɗari, yawan amfanin gonar ta samar da taro daidai da 100 kilogiram na ingancin mai kyau.
Shin kuna sani? An fara gabatar da hatsi a cikin noma na duniya a 1753, kodayake manoma sun san shekaru fiye da dubu daya. Sun sanya shi ga iyalin Myatlikovy saboda kyawawan fure-fure, inda furanni suka bayyana da hatsi.
Abubuwan rashin amfani na hatsi, kowane mai noma yayi la'akari da:
- A kananan adadin kore taro. Wataƙila a cikin bazara don ƙasashen da aka raguwa da ƙaura ba za su isa ba a matsayin gefe ɗaya, amma don kulawa da tsari wanda aka tsara shi da kuma biye da shi, wannan al'ada ya dace.
- Little nitrogen a cikin abun da ke ciki. Saboda gaskiyar cewa babu nitrogen sosai a cikin wannan amfanin gona, dole ne a shuka inda alfalfa ko clover ya riga ya girma, sa'an nan kuma lalata al'adu biyu a lokaci guda.
- Da buƙatar yanayin zafi da rashin ruwa. Oats kamar inuwa, sanyi da yawan watering. Ga yankuna da yanayin sanyi da ruwan marmari, ya dace, kuma a yanayin zafi, a akasin wannan, ya ɓace kuma ya bushe.
Kamar yadda kake gani, amfanin da wannan rukuni ya yi yafi ƙarfin rashin haɓaka.
Fasali na girma
Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa, sanin cewa za ku iya girma hatsi tare da babban koren duhu da kuma tushen tsarin karfi, ba tare da jin dadi ba. An dasa shi a lokuta daban-daban, ciyayi zai ba da nau'o'in kayan abinci mai kyau, wanda girbi na shekara mai zuwa zai dogara.
Doard, buckwheat, phacelia, lupine ana amfani dashi a matsayin kore taki.
Wace albarkatu ya kamata ya shuka kafin?
Bari mu ce nan da nan - Za a iya shuka hatsi kafin hatsi. Saboda haka, idan kuna shirin shirya filin buckwheat, hatsi ko alkama, wannan rukuni ba zai yi aiki a gareku ba. Har yanzu bai zama mai kyau ba don shuka hatsi a yankin inda dankali zai ci gaba. Kwayar da ake kira "wireworm" yana shafar albarkatun gona mai noma da shuka dankalin turawa, kuma wannan rashin hatsi ya fi duk amfaninta. Don hana girbin amfanin gona don ɓacewa, yi amfani da wani gefen gaban dankali.
Idan dankali ya girma a filin a bara, kuma a cikin wannan zakuyi shirin sevosmenu, hatsi, akasin haka, zai zama da amfani - zai halakar da sassan dankalin turawa a cikin ƙasa. Ga dukan sauran albarkatu, wannan ciyawa zai ciyar da ƙasa sosai, don haka a amince shuka raspberries, currants, barkono mai dadi na iri daban-daban, tumatir, kabeji, da kuma strawberry da kuma ɓoyayyen kwasfa a cikin ƙasa enriched. 
Yana da muhimmanci! Duk da ci gaban kirki a cikin yanayi mai sanyi, hatsi ba su jure wa tsutsewar giraguwa ba kuma sun bushe a lokacin da suke. Don haka amfanin gonarku ba su rasa, shuka wannan amfanin gona a watan Oktoba ko Maris, amma ba kafin hunturu ba.
Yaushe kuma yadda za a shuka siderat
Yana da sanyi da damuwa mai dumi. Saboda haka, wajibi ne a shuka shi a cikin sanyi, lokacin rigar, mafi kyau a cikin october. Da zarar an cire girbi na ƙarshe daga filayen, kuma ba a cika ruwan sama ba tare da ruwan sama, ana shuka tsaba a cikin ƙasa. Frost, wannan ciyawa ba zai yi ba, saboda haka, idan an shirya hunturu a farkon, yana da kyau wajen canja wurin shuka a cikin bazara. Idan akwai kwanaki talatin zuwa arba'in kafin sanyi, ciyawa zai sami lokaci don samun ganyayyaki mai yaduwa kuma ya zama mai kyau taki - perepret da peregnut ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara.
Tsarin gine-ginen rani ya dogara ne a kan yanayin. A cikin yankuna dumi, kwanyar nau'in farawa a Fabrairu, lokacin da narkewa ya bayyana a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. Idan hunturu sanyi ne da dogon lokaci, ana amfani da hatsi a matsayin martaba a ƙarshen Maris, yayin da suturar suka ragu. Sa'an nan kuma akwai wata daya da suka wuce kafin girbi na shuke-shuke, noma ƙasa da dasa shuki. Yana yiwuwa a wadatar da ƙasa tare da wannan rukuni har sai Satumba, wanda ya hada - domin farkon kayan gona. Sa'an nan kuma ana kwashe mako daya kuma ana shuka shuka a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. 
Kafin ka kawo tsaba a cikin ƙasa, ka bi da su da wani bayani mai rauni na potassium wanda zai iya cire duk pathogens daga gare su kuma kara yawan germination. Saka tsaba a cikin bayani don minti ashirin da wanke su a karkashin ruwa mai gudu. Yana da mafi dacewa don amfani da gashin - tsaba basu gudana tare da ruwa da kuma wanke da kyau. Dole a saki ƙasa da tsaftacewa daga tsofaffi - yana buƙatar hutawa da iska mai yawa. Ku zo da tsaba a cikin tsari ba tare da izini ba, a cikin girma, kada ku fitar da sarakuna da gadaje.
A kan dari na ƙasar ya kamata ka dauki kimanin kilogiram na 2 na oat tsaba. Babban abu shi ne a rarraba su a hankali don haka babu yankuna a cikin amfanin gona. Idan ƙasa ta bushe, ana bada shawara don yada shi tare da tilasta, amma a koyaushe tare da sprayer saboda ƙasa ba ta zama mai girma kuma ta rushe ƙasa
Shin kuna sani? Yawancin jinsin ya ƙunshi sunayen ashirin da biyu. Daga cikin wadannan, kawai uku - amfani da girma amfanin gona. Sauran goma sha tara an dauke su da ciyawa. Sunaye masu suna - dubious, bakarare, komai da kuma fi so daga tseren kore - hatsi mai gemu.
Yadda za a magance amfanin gona
Wannan ciyayi yana buƙatar mai yawa watering. Idan ba'a samo shi ta yanayin ba, dole ne ka ƙara haɓin. Da zarar kowace kwana uku, bincika yanayin amfanin gona - ko tsire-tsire irin nau'in da suke, ƙwayoyin suna ci gaba, ci gaba kullum ko bushe a yanayin dumi. Idan hargocin hatsi ba sa so suyi girma, watakila al'adun da suka gabata sun lalata ƙasar da yawa har ma a kan gefe. A wannan yanayin, ƙara karamin ma'adinai kadan - wannan ciyawa zai dace da nitre da superphosphate. Gaba ɗaya, hatsi suna da amfanin gona marasa amfani kuma basu buƙatar wani abu banda isasshen ishi. 
Lokacin da za a yanka hatsi
Daga lokacin shuka zuwa mowing, kwanaki talatin ko arba'in ya kamata su wuce - kasancewa ta hanyar bishiya mai tsayi kuma ta fatar furanni. Idan pollen ya fara bayyana akan shi, Lokaci ke nan da za a yanke da stalks. A lokacin da kaka yayi shuka ku kawai fada cikin kwanaki na ƙarshe kafin sanyi. Idan ka dasa wannan ciyawa a cikin bazara, to a yanka mai tushe kafin farkon kwanaki Mayu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Oats yana yalwata loam da yumbu, yana wanke ƙasa daga kwayoyin putrefactive kuma yana kawar da laima daga cikin ƙasa. Nan da nan a kan duniyar oatmeal, zaka iya dasa cucumbers - Girbi zai kara muhimmanci.
A lokacin da bazara, baza hatsi a cikin ƙasa ba bayan makonni biyu kafin dasa shuki mai amfanin gona ba, in ba haka ba zai sami lokacin yin yawa ba. Idan kuka yanka hatsi a watan Nuwamba, to, kada ku binne shi a kasa, ku yi ba da jim kadan ba kafin shuka Afrilu. Kullin da ba zai yiwu ba zai bari ƙasa ta daskare ta hanyar zurfi sosai, don haka a cikin bazara zai kasance a shirye don shuka da shuka a baya fiye da wanda ba a rufe ba. Idan korer taro ya fito da yawa, kada ku rufe shi a cikin ƙasa duka, in ba haka ba zai juya m. Ɗauki ɓangaren rami na takin ko shirya nau'in kayan shafa na dabbobi don dabbobi. 
Aikin noma shine mafi yawan masana masu godiya. Yana da kyau don yin aiki tukuru da kuma kusanci tsarin noma na ƙasar daidai - kuma sakamakon za a bayyane. A cikin kasuwancin shuka ba zai iya rush. Sanya 'ya'yan itace a cikin shirye, tsabtace ƙasa, lokacin da lokacin sanyi ya zo, kallon girma daga mai tushe, yaxa su a lokacin da harbe ba su da kasa da goma sha biyar, kuma basu yarda da ruwa ya damu akan shafin ba.
Kafin yin noma a cikin ƙasa, tabbatar da murkushe shi har sai an kafa humus makonni biyu kafin amfanin gona na gaba. Sanin waɗannan hukunce-hukuncen dokoki da yin amfani da su a cikin aikin, za ku mayar da amfanin gonar ku kuma shirya shi don kakar girma ta gaba.
