Hanyar dasa karas a cikin Ural yankin na gargajiya, kamar yadda duk wani latitudes na arewacin Rasha. Tare da kiyaye agrotechnics na girma amfanin gona mai tushe, yana da sauƙin samun girbi mai kyau.
Wannan labarin zai dalla dalla dalla yadda za a dasa karas, da aka ba yanayin musamman, la'akari da tebur na kayan lambu iri don namo a cikin wannan yankin ta hanyar dasa shuki. Har ila yau zamu koyi abin da ke bambanta a shirye-shiryen, dasa, namo kayan lambu da kuma koyo yadda za a magance kwari da kuma lokacin da suka dasa amfanin gona.
Yanayin yanayin yanayi a yankin
Ƙayyadaddun kayan lambu da ke girma a Urals shine saboda siffofin gefen yankin. Tsawon Ural Mountains ya wuce 2000 km. Sauyin yanayi a wurare daban-daban yana da bambanci da juna. Yanayin halayen yankin shine:
- sauyawa sauyin sauyin yanayi;
- raƙuman da ba a san ba;
- m rarraba hazo a cikin lokacin dacha.
Tables na kayan lambu iri domin namo tare da dasa kwanakin
Kusan dukkanin yankuna suna da kyau a cikin Urals, amma yankin Kudanci an dauki mafi kyau ga karas. Ya dace iri iri da ya dace da Central Rasha. Ga Sashin ƙungiyar Urals, yana da kyau zaɓar nau'in iri tsaye zuwa sanyi da mummunan yanayi.
Farawa
Dafaran irin karas ne mafi dacewa da sabo mai amfani. Sakamakon mafi kyau ya nuna
- Amsterdam;
- Nastena;
- Alenka;
- Dragon;
- Belagain White;
- Finhor;
- Color F14;
- Victoria F.
Lokacin tsawon lokacin girbi girbi shine kwanaki 80-90. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne m, tare da fata fata. Kada ku yi haƙuri ga ajiya na dogon lokaci.
Tsakiyar marigayi
Lokacin da ake tsammanin lokacin girka don karamin karas a cikin Ural sauyin yanayi shine kwanaki 95-115. 'Ya'yan itatuwa sun dace da sabon amfani, aiki da ajiya a farkon rabin hunturu. Don saukowa yana da daraja zabar:
- Altai taqaitaccen;
- Red Giant;
- Tsaya;
- Nantes 4;
- Vitamin 6;
- Callisto F1.
Late
Iyaye tare da ƙarshen lokacin saukowa tsayar da yanayin ajiya mai kyau., an bambanta da wani lokacin farin ciki sandpaper, m ɓangaren litattafan almara. 'Ya'yan itatuwa sun dace da yanayi na yanayin damuwa, tsawon lokacin zamani shine kwanaki 120-130.
Mafi kyawun maki don dasawa sunyi la'akari:
- Sarauniya na kaka;
- Sarkin;
- Yellowstone;
- Shantane 246;
- F1 totem;
- Ting F1;
- Losinoostrovskaya 13.
Differences a girma
Hannun da ke cikin Urals suna da matsananciyar matsananciyar matsananciyar wuya, wanda ya bayyana wasu yanayi don warwarewa, tafi da tarawa. Don samun amfanin gona mai kyau na karas ya kamata la'akari da wasu siffofi.
Saukowa
Babban alama na farkon shuka karas:
- yanayin ƙasa;
- ƙarfin hasken hasken yankin da aka zaɓa a lokacin hasken rana
Ana dasa shuka a cikin ƙasa kawai idan an kafa wani lokaci mai sanyi ba tare da sanyi ba. Lokacin mafi kyau ga dasa shuki a cikin Urals shine ƙarshen Afrilu da farkon watan Mayu. A wannan lokacin, yanayin farfajiyar ƙasa yana warms har zuwa zafin jiki na + 10-12 ° C a lokacin da da + 5-8 ° C da dare.
A yankuna kudancin yankin, an dasa karas daga tsakiyar zuwa ƙarshen Afrilu.A tsakiyar tsakiyar yankin - daga marigayi Afrilu zuwa farkon watan Mayu. A Arewacin Urals, lokaci ya kara har zuwa karshen watan Mayu, dasa shuki tsaba a kan fim ya halatta.
Shiri
Ayyukan da za su shuka kafin su yi amfani da shi zai inganta hankalin abokantaka na seedlings a cikin iyakokin yanayi na Ural rani. Ya kamata a kula da shirye-shiryen musamman.
Inventory
Don dasa shuki karas zai buƙatar filami mai nunawa (fartanya) da rake tare da nesa yanar gizo na 30-40 cm tare da hakora masu tasowa. Don shuka a yankuna arewacin kasar shine shirya kayan da ba a saka don kare ƙasa.
Seed
Akwai hanyoyi da dama da aka tabbatar da su don taƙaita germination of carrot tsaba:
- Warming sama. Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ruwan zafi (yawan zafin jiki + 50 ° C) na minti 15-20 kuma sunyi mintuna 2 a cikin akwati da ruwan sanyi don ƙara jure cututtuka da kwari.
- Jiƙa. An fitar da tsire-tsire don rana a cikin wani bayani na sodium humate, 1 tbsp. l 1 lita na ruwa ko 1 tbsp. cokali itace ash. Don ƙarin haɓakar girma, yana da kyau don amfani da Epin, Zircon, da Annabi.
- Bubbling. Tsaba don rana sanya shi a cikin kwalba na dumi ruwa da kuma immersed akwatin aquarium compressor. A wannan lokaci, nau'in yana gudana a cikin jirgi tare da oxygen. Daga baya, an sanya tsaba a tsakanin layers na zane damp kuma sanya shi cikin firiji a kan shiryayye na kasa don kwanaki 3-5. Don sauƙi na dasa shuki, an bushe tsaba a ranar shuka shuka.
Ƙasa
Sands da loams suna dauke da mafi kyau ƙasa don dasa shuki karas.wanda ke wucewa da ruwa sosai da iska zuwa ga asalinsu, ya yi zafi sosai, ana iya sarrafa shi sauƙin. Tsarin farko na shirin kasa don dasa shuki karas kunshi digging zuwa zurfin akalla 15-20 cm da tattara rhizomes na perennial weeds.
Girgarar raguwa a cikin rassan da sauyewa a cikin ƙasa yana wadatar kasar gona tare da na gina jiki. A cikin bazara, irin wannan shafin an sake gano shi don ƙara samun isasshen oxygen.
Shirye-shiryen ƙasa don dasa shuki yana da wasu siffofi dabam dabam akan wasu albarkatu. Kayan kayan lambu ba tare da jurewa ba tare da sabo taki. Don wadata ƙasar, yana da kyau don amfani:
- 10 g na urea, 10 g na potassium chloride, 30 g na superphosphate da 1 square mita gadon lambu;
- ƙwayar gargajiya don ƙin ƙasa da yashi don yumbu mai nauyi;
- lemun tsami don rage yawan acidity.
Zaɓi wuri
Mafi magabata don dasa shuki karas ne:
- tumatir;
- cucumbers;
- dankali;
- kabeji.
Ba'a bada shawara don shuka hatsi a kusa da dangi mafi kusa dan dill, tsire-tsire ba su jure wa yanzun nan ba. Yankunan da ke da kyau da kuma mai tsanani suna da kyau don dasa kayan lambu.
Shuka
Girman shuka yana dogara ne da nau'in ƙasa a kan shafin. A ƙasa mai nauyi, an binne kayan a cikin 1-1.5 cm, a kan haske - ta 2 cm. Tsakanin shawarar da ke tsakanin layuka na 20 cm Bayan dasa shuki, tsaba suna rufe ƙasa da shayarwa, dangane da digiri na farko na danshi.
Kula
Nan da nan bayan da bazuwa, ana yin gyaran gada a cikin lokaci na 2 a mako. Da zuwan na farko harbe, watering an rage zuwa 1 lokaci a cikin kwanaki 7, amma yawan ruwa yana ƙara.
A cikin rani na busassun ƙasa ana bada shawara don ciyawa bayan nan bayan watering. Dole ne a kauce masa ruwan gari mai tsanani. Hanyoyi mai yawa a cikin ƙasa yana haifar da fatalwa da ɓarnar 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Farfesa
Bugu da ƙari, da al'adar gargajiya na weeds, wani muhimmin mataki a cikin namo na karas ne ta yau da kullum thinning. Na farko cire na rauni harbe ne da za'ayi ta hanyar 1 cm a cikin lokaci na biyu na gaskiya ganye.
Bayan
Ana cire tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire da aka yi bisa ka'idar tushe. Don 'ya'yan itatuwa masu tsayi da tsire-tsire suna barin rata tsakanin tsire-tsire na 3-5 cm, don gajere da raguwa 5-8 cm Sau biyu a cikin wani kakar tsire-tsire suna cike da nitroammophos.
A karo na farko an yi amfani da taki a wata daya bayan fitowar harbe, a karo na biyu bayan makonni uku.
Girbi
Tsakanin yanayi da farkon suna girbe a tsakiyar da ƙarshen watan Agusta. Ana fitar da iri iri don ajiya daga ƙasa a ƙarshen Satumba zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba. An yi amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa a busassun wuri kuma sun bushe a kan dakin kwanakin 1-3. An yi la'akari da lokuta masu ban sha'awa tare da wata watsi. Store a zafin jiki na + 1-3 ° C.
Yakin da cututtuka da kwari
Carrot tashi, powdery mildew da wireworm mafi sau da yawa buga karas a cikin Ural yankin. Tsare-gyare na yau da kullum, ƙwayar daji da kuma dasa tare da albasarta zai taimaka wajen hana bayyanar cututtuka da kwari a kan asalinsu. Don yin yaki da kwayoyi amfani da kwayoyi:
- Aklellik;
- Tsiper;
- Shar Pei;
- Aktara;
- Basudin.
A cikin Urals, karas ya kamata a shuka daidai da yanayin yanayin ƙasar. A yankin kudancin, tare da yanayin zafi mai duniyar, wanda ya fi dacewa da gwaji tare da yanayin hunturu. A kowane hali, shuka za ta karbi kulawa na yau da kullum tare da girbi mai kyau daga 'ya'yan itatuwa da yawan adadin carotene da sauran kayan gina jiki.
