Kankana shine al'adun gargajiyar da aka fi so da yawa, wanda ke ba da dandano na bazara. Tana da ƙoshin iya girma har ma da wani lambu mai novice. Koyaya, don wannan bai isa ba don shirya rukunin yanar gizon da kuma ba da kulawa ta dace ga tsire-tsire bayan dasa: shi ma wajibi ne don zaɓar da shirya tsaba don shuka.
Zabi da kuma shirya makirci da kasar gona na dasa kankana
Don shuka kankana a cikin ƙasa buɗe don samun girbi mai kyau, kuna buƙatar kula da zaɓar wurin da dole ne ya cika buƙatun masu zuwa:
- a yi haske sosai;
- kare daga tasirin iska;
- samar da tsirrai tare da abinci mai mahimmanci.
Dangane da waɗannan dalilai, kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da cewa sashin kankana ya kamata ya sami isasshen adadin haske yayin rana, dumama da iska kuma ku sha iska. Zai fi kyau idan an yi shirye-shiryen ƙasa gaba: a shuka gado mai zuwa tare da taki kore, don yin takin da ya cancanta.
A mãkirci na nan gaba gado kankana za a iya lit da, ventilated, da takin
Siderata - tsire-tsire waɗanda aka yi girma don dalilan haɗuwarsu a cikin ƙasa, wanda ke ba da izinin inganta tsarinta, wadata shi da nitrogen da hana haɓakar ciyawa.
Wani muhimmin mahimmanci shine al'adun da suka gabata, watau, waɗanda aka girma a kan shafin yanar kafin ciyawar. Abubuwan da aka fi so sune albasa, tafarnuwa, karas da kabeji da farko, har da dankali da tumatir. Gourds (kankana, zucchini, squash, kabewa, kankana) bai kamata a shuka sukuni koyaushe a wuri guda ba, kamar yadda kwaro ya tara a cikin ƙasa.
Ya kamata a lura cewa watermelons da sauran guna na buƙatar haske, sako-sako da ƙasa mai ƙima. Zaɓin da yafi dacewa idan ƙasar zata ƙunshi ƙasa mai yashi ko yashi, kuma takin gargajiya (humus, takin) za'a kawo shi ƙarƙashin digging a lokacin bazara. Kwayoyin halitta suna ba da gudummawa a cikin nauyin buckets 2.5 a 1 m² na ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, yakamata a biya hankali ga acidity na ƙasa: don watermelons, ya kamata ya kasance a cikin kewayon pH 6-7.
Humus takin gargajiya ne mai kyau don shirya wani shiri don dasa kankana
A lokacin bazara, kankana kansar shima ya cancanci takin da takin ma'adinai don haƙa. Na 1 m² kuna buƙatar:
- 24-35 g na ammonium sulfate;
- 40-45 g na superphosphate;
- 15-25 g na takin mai magani.
Haɗin ma'adinai da abubuwa na halitta na iya haɓaka yawan kayan da kankana.
Shiri na kankana tsaba don shuka
Ga gogaggen lambu ba asirce ba cewa muhimmiyar rawa wajen samun kyawawan seedlingsan itace da abokantaka ana wasa da ingancin shiri na shuka don shuka. Wannan tsari yana da matukar muhimmanci kuma ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa waɗanda dole ne a yi su a wasu jerin.
Zabin sa
A kankana iri iri domin girma a cikin lambu mãkirci dole ne a zabi sosai a hankali. Idan baku da isasshen gogewa a cikin narkar da wannan nau'in guna, zai fi kyau bayar da fifiko ga nau'ikan matasan. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa suna dauke da mafi kyawun halaye masu kyau idan aka kwatanta da mean watermelons. Abubuwan halittar jiki suna halin haɓakawa cikin sauri, juriya ga yawancin cututtuka da yanayin gurbatar yanayi.
Lokacin da kake shirin girma kankana a kan rukunin yanar gizon ka, dole ne a hankali ka kusanci yadda ake so iri-iri
Calibrate da tsaba
A kallon farko, canjin iri bazai yi kama da wani muhimmin tsari ba. Idan muka bincika daki daki sosai, to, tsirowar tsaba da kuma cigaban kananan tsire-tsire zasu dogara kai tsaye. Dukkanin abu ne mai sauƙi koyaushe: mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi koshin lafiya seedlings ci gaba mafi kyau, ta haka yana hana rauni seedlings. Lokacin rarrabuwa (calibrating) tsaba ta girman, seedlings zai zama mafi aminci da yalwatacce.
Seedsaukar tsaba suna ƙunshi rarraba su da girma, wanda ke ba da damar ƙarin aminci da yawan ƙwayoyi
Yawan shuka
Irin wannan hanya kamar sanyaya tsaba kafin dasa shuki yana ba ku damar kunna hanyoyin nazarin halittu a cikin kayan shuka. Don yin wannan, sanya tsaba a cikin akwati na girman da ya dace kuma cika shi da ruwa a zazzabi na kimanin + 50 ° C. Bayan rabin sa'a, ana iya ruwa.
Sanyawar jiyya
Shiri na tsaba da kankana ya ƙunshi kamuwa da cuta, ma'ana, disinfection. A mafi yawan lokuta, lambu da kuma lambu suna amfani da manganese don waɗannan dalilai, daga abin da aka shirya permanganate potassium (mafita na ƙananan taro). Don shirya abu, an ƙara ƙara manganese a cikin karamin akwati cike da ruwa. Bayan motsawar mafita, an sa tsaba a cikin mintuna 15-20, sannan a wanke da ruwa.
Rashin kamuwa da cuta yana rage yiwuwar kananan tsire-tsire masu kamuwa da cututtuka ko lalacewa ta hanyar kwari.
Gudanar da kankana a cikin ƙwayoyin potassium yana ba da izinin kamuwa da cuta, ta haka ne yake kare kayan dasa abubuwa daga mummunan illa na ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta
Shuka shuka
Bayan an gama duk hanyoyin da suka gabata, zaku iya fara sa kayan iri. Da farko, an bada shawarar a adana tsaba kankana na tsawon awanni 12 a cikin sinadaran na gina jiki: ana yin hakan ne don a saturate tsaba tare da microelements, wanda zai tabbatar da ci gaban aiki da kuma saurin haɓaka. A yau, ana ba da magunguna da yawa na wannan nau'in, alal misali, Kornevin, Zircon, Heteroauxin.
Bayan tsaba suna soyayye a cikin mai haɓaka mai haɓaka, ba shi da kyau a shafe su da ruwa ta kowane yanayi: bushe a rana kawai ya isa.
Germination na kankana tsaba kara habaka fitowar seedlings, da magani a cikin girma stimulants saturates zuriyar da microelements
Kafin soya tsaba a kan yi laushi zuwa kwasfa mai yawa, ana zuba su da ruwan zafi minti 10. Don haka kuna buƙatar yin jakar gauze, nadaɗa kayan a cikin yadudduka da yawa, kuma sanya tsaba a ciki a wani ɗan nesa daga juna. Ana sanya jaka na kayan dasa a cikin saucer ko farantin m, bayan an share ruwan ɗakin, yayin da tsaba basu buƙatar zubar da ruwa ba - dole ne su "numfasa". Bayan wannan, an sanya kwandon a cikin wani wuri mai dumama (kimanin + 25 ° C) kuma ana sarrafa gwargwadon lokaci-lokaci: ana jika shi kamar yadda ake buƙata.
Don ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi jin daɗi ga tsaba, ana iya rufe ganga tare da kwalban filastik mai yankan, fim ko gilashi, don haka, yana yiwuwa a riƙe danshi na dogon lokaci. Ya kamata a lura cewa 'kankana' ya'yan itacen ba su shuka da sauri sosai. Sabili da haka, ana iya ganin farkon tsiro na farko aƙalla mako guda (daga dogaro da tsaba iri iri, ingancinsu da yanayin da aka halitta). Bayan tabbatar da mafi kyawun microclimate, yana yiwuwa a hanzarta haɓakar ƙwayar zuriya kuma a kawo shi kusa da lokacin da zai sauka a cikin ƙasa. Idan tsaba ba su daɗaɗɗa kafin dasawa, to ba za ku iya dogara kan saurin shuka na saurin shuka ba. Don Yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma yankuna na arewacin, dole ne a yanka matattun yayyafa da shuka.
Bidiyo: iri mai kankana
Yankunan shuka tsaba a kan ƙasa
Dasa kankana cikakke ne daidai a hanyar iri. Lokacin shuka amfanin gona ya dogara da yanayin da lokacin da aka shirya samun amfanin gona. Idan bazara ta zo da wuri kuma yanayin yana da ɗumi, zaku iya fara shuka tsaba daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa tsakiyar Yuni. Idan za a jinkirta lokacin ƙwanƙwasa, kwanakin an shuka su zuwa ƙarshen Mayu.
Lokacin da sauka a cikin yankuna na kudu, zaku iya fara aiki daga tsakiyar Afrilu, yayin la'akari da yanayin yanayi. Don matsakaitan matsakaitan matsakaici, an shuka kankana tare da tsaba a cikin ƙasa ba kawai bayan an kafa tsaftataccen yanayi. Don sanin lokacin shuka tsaba, ya kamata a kula da yawan zafin jiki zuwa iska. Indicaramar alamar zafin jiki don fito da ƙwayar cuta ana ɗaukarta + 15 ° C. A cikin yankuna tare da canjin yanayin da ba a iya faɗi ba, yan lambu sun fi son girma da kankana a cikin shuki. Tsaba a cikin wannan yanayin ana shuka shi a cikin rabin na biyu na Afrilu, kuma ana shuka tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin ƙasa a cikin watan Mayu da farkon Yuni.
Shuka ƙwayar ƙwayar - lokaci da tabbaci
Kayan dasa kayan masarufi shine mabuɗin zuwa girbi mai kyau. Mai nuna ingancin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar itace shine haɓarsu. A mafi yawancin lokuta, a shirye-shiryen don kakar wasa ta gaba, masu lambu suna sake nazarin iri iri na albarkatu, yayin da suka gano cewa wasunsu sun fi shekara guda da haihuwa. Abin da za a yi a wannan yanayin, jefa da siyan sababbi ko kuwa har yanzu ana iya amfani da shi don dasa shuki? Ya isa mu sani cewa shukar da kankana ya ci gaba har tsawon shekaru 6-8.
Bugu da ƙari, akwai wata hanya don bincika tsaba kankana don ƙwaya, wanda kuma ya dace da sauran gourds. Don yin wannan, zaku buƙaci tsinkayen itace, wanda aka zartar da farko sau da yawa tare da ruwan zãfi (tare da yawa na rabin sa'a). Kuna buƙatar shirya akwati, alal misali, tire ko ƙaramin akwati, wanda ke cike da ɗanyen itace. An shimfiɗa tsaba a cikin layuka tare da nisa na cm 2-3. An yi rata na 1-1.5 cm tsakanin tsaba.Daga haka, an yayyafa zuriyarsa da shuɗar ƙwaya, kuma an sanya kwandon a cikin wuri mai sanyi tare da zazzabi na + 23-27 ° C kuma ana sa ran fito da tsiro. Don ƙayyade yawan germination, ana aiwatar da lissafi mai sauƙi: idan 6 daga cikin 10 na haɓaka masu haɓaka, to, germination 60% ne.
Dace yadda aka dasa tsaba da kankana
Lokacin da yanayi ta yi kyau, kuma an shuka zurfin kankana, ana iya fara shuka su a cikin ƙasa.
Ta yaya shuka
Tunda kankana ɗan shuka ne mai yaduwa, ana buƙatar isasshen sarari don shuka ta. Saboda haka, daji zai ji dadi kuma ya ci gaba. An shuka ciyawar kankara a cikin wani fili, wato bisa ga tsarin. A cikin tsari na yau da kullun, wanda ake kira jere daya, jigilar layin shine 2 m, kuma a cikin layi 1 m an shuka tsaba 5-10 a kowane rami. Bayan fitowan, harbe mafi ƙarfi kawai suna ragu, 1 seedling a kowace mita.
Tsarin talakawa na dasa kankana ya ƙunshi dasa tsaba a nesa daga 1 m a jere kuma 2 m tsakanin layuka
Baya ga tsarin yau da kullun, akwai kuma fagen da ke da murabba'i. A wannan yanayin, nisa tsakanin ramuka tare da tsaba da aka shuka yakamata ya zama cm 70-280. Bambancin nesa ya dogara da nau'ikan kankana da aka girma. Lokacin dasa shuki iri iri, ana rage rata tsakanin rijiyoyin.
Tare da murabba'in gida mai fa'ida na kankana tsakanin ramuka, an yi nisa na 70-280 cm, gwargwadon ire-ire
Dogaro masu nisa tsakanin dasa shuki na kansar wajibi ne don samun isasshen hasken rana. Tare da tsari na kusa, al'adar ba zata sami adadin abubuwan da ake buƙata na gina jiki ba.
Zurfin Seeding
Lokacin dasa shuki kankana a cikin ƙasa buɗe, yana da mahimmanci a lura da zurfin dasa. Mafi kyawun zurfin dasa shuki ga ƙananan iri-iri shine 4-6 cm, don manyan iri - cm cm 6. Idan kayan shuka suna zurfafa sosai, zai kasance mafi wuya gareshi ƙyanƙyashe, wanda zai shafi lokacin girbi. Baya ga iri-iri, kasar gona kuma tana shafar zurfin hadewar. A kan yashi mai yashi, ana binne tsaba ta hanyar 7-8 cm, akan kasa mai yashi - 5-7 cm, a kan loams - 4-5 cm. A cikin yankuna na arewacin tare da ƙasa mai nauyi, bai kamata a binne zuriyar zurfin 4 cm ba.
Nuna zurfin wuri na kankana ya dogara da nau'in ƙasa da takamaiman iri
Fim ya dace
Hakanan yana yiwuwa a yi girma watermelons karkashin fim. Wannan hanyar tana ba ku damar shuka a watan Maris kuma hakan ya sa a sami amfanin gona a baya. Tsarin fim yana sa ya yiwu a kula da babban zafi, wanda ke kawar da rashin danshi kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga saurin ci gaban tsirrai. Lokacin amfani da fim, ana ƙirƙirar sakamako na greenhouse wanda ke tabbatar da saurin fitar da tsaba.
A kan makircin da aka shirya tun faɗuwar, ana yanka dogayen nesa tare da nisan 70 cm daga juna, wanda ake amfani da kujeru. Fim don suttura ya kamata ya rufe dogo 2 nan da nan, i.e. daidaitaccen yanki na 1.5 m ya isa. 2.5 m tsakanin layuka, wanda yake wajibi ne don ci gaban al'ada na tsirrai. An shirya rijiyoyin a cikin kafaffun ridges a nesa na 1 m daga juna kuma ana shuka tsaba.
Lokacin girma watermelons ƙarƙashin fim na rami, yana da shawarar yin shi a cikin tsarin duba.
Shuka kankana tare da fim na bene yana ba ku damar shuka tsaba a cikin Maris kuma ku sami amfanin gona a baya
Yawan tsaba da aka shuka a rijiyar guda na iya zama daban kuma ya dogara da nau'ikan da aka yi amfani da su. Tsarin nau'ikan da ba su da tsada za a iya fitar da hatsi sau 2-3 a cikin rami ɗaya. A lokacin da harbe bayyana, weaker tsire-tsire tsunkule, da barin daya daga cikin mafi ci gaba seedling. Idan ana amfani da nau'ikan tsada, to ana sanya iri ɗaya a cikin kowace rijiya.
Bayan shuka, kasar gona ta jika kuma an rufe ta da fim. Don yin wannan, an tura kayan tare da tsawon gadaje, suna matsawa ƙasa don kada iska ta kwashe shi. Idan yanayin ya yi girgije, to, harbe-harbe ya kamata ya bayyana mako guda bayan dasa. Tun da yake thean itacen ba da daɗewa ba zasu fara hutawa a kan fim ɗin, zai zama dole don yin ramummuka masu siffofi don girman tsiro.
Mako guda bayan fitowar, kankana zai daidaita da muhallin. A wannan lokacin, ramuka a cikin fim an rufe shi da ƙasa don hana ciyawa. Domin guje wa lalacewar seedlingsan matasa, an fitar da tsiron a hankali a fim, a sa wani bututun filastik (zaku iya amfani da kwalba), yayyafa tare da ƙasa, ɗauka da sauƙi, sannan kuma cire kariyar. Bayan wannan hanya, ana ɗaukar watermelons a shirye don cigaba.
Bidiyo: girma kankana karkashin fim
Abin da za a yi idan kankana ba su yi fure ba
Wasu lokuta yan lambu suna fuskantar irin wannan yanayin mara kyau lokacin da tsaba na kankana ba su tsiro ba. Menene zai iya zama dalilin kuma yadda za a gyara lamarin? Ofayan manyan matsalolin na iya zama ƙarancin ingancin tsaba. Idan aka sayi iri a kantin sayar da kaya, ka tabbata ka duba ranar karewa akan kayan aikin. Bugu da ƙari, zaku iya mai da hankali akan farashi, amma koyaushe ba alama ce ta inganci ba: ƙwaya mai kyau na iya zama tsada da tsada.
Lokacin da sayen tsaba na kankana, yakamata a kula da ranar samarwa, kuma don adana kayan amfanin gonar ku na dogon lokaci, duba germination
Idan har yanzu kuna da tsaba na kankana daga shekarun da suka gabata ba tare da shirya ko kanku kanku tattara kayan kayan shuka ba, kuna buƙatar ƙayyade tsaba wanda bai dace da shuka ba. Don wannan, an zub da hatsi a cikin akwati tare da ruwa da waɗanda ke bayyana a farfajiya - dasa ba ya da ma'ana.
Abubuwa da yawa suna tasiri iri germination:
- Digirin digiri;
- tarin abubuwa da bushewa;
- yanayin ajiya;
- ranar sakawa.
Abubuwan da aka lissafa sun dogara, a matsayin mai mulki, akan mai samar da iri. Koyaya, nasarar duk taron kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin da za'a kirkira don haɓakar su. Wannan yana nuna cewa idan ƙwayayen suna da inganci masu kyau, kuma danshi ko zazzabi bai dace da alamun da ake buƙata ba, to kayan ɗin ba kawai zasu iya toho ba. Bugu da kari, lokacin da aka dasa shuki da aka shuka tsiro a bude tare da kasa mai sanyi, zasu iya rage gudu a girma ko ma su mutu.
A cigaba da kula da tsiran kabewa
Lokacin girma kankana a cikin ƙasa buɗe, mahimman yanayi shine keɓantar da ƙasa da ban ruwa lokaci-lokaci.Ana bada shawara ga alamar ramuka lokacin dasa shuki, alal misali, tare da turawa domin layuka suna bayyane lokacin da aka kwance. A cikin lokacin girma na ganye taro da lashes, ana yin miya babba. Don yin wannan, zaka iya amfani da urea (150 g) da adadin superphosphate, daidai da gishiri gishiri (50 g) a 10 m². Ya kamata a fitar da takin ƙasa ta hanyar sha ruwa ko ruwan sama.
Ga al'ada ci gaba da matasa kankana seedlings, dace watering da loosening na kasar gona wajibi ne
Ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman don ban ruwa lokacin da ganye da tsiro mai girma, fure da bayyanar ovaries. A lokacin ripening 'ya'yan itace, ya yi akasin haka, watering ne musamman wanda ba a ke so, tunda danshi mai yawa yana haifar da bayyanar fasa a cikin' ya'yan itace da lalata a cikin dandano. Kankana na ruwa kankana tare da ruwan dumi sau ɗaya a mako, amma da yalwa. Kulawa da kankana shima ya haɗa da kirkirar daji, a sakamakon wanda zai yuwu a samu ingantattun ciyayi masu daɗin ci. A wannan yanayin, babu 'ya'yan itatuwa fiye da huɗu akan ragu a kan shuka ɗaya. Bugu da kari, ana yin pinching harbe kuma an cire gashin baki.
Bidiyo: samuwar kankana a cikin filin budewa
Mahimmanci shine rigakafin kulawa da cututtuka da kwari na kankana. Yawancin kwari da yawa sun hada da fure, fure aphids, wireworms. Idan an sami kwaro kafin ya lalata shuka, ana yi masu magani da shirye-shiryen halitta, misali, Fitoverm. Tare da mamayewar kwari, komawa zuwa ga amfani da magunguna, kamar Decis, Aktara, Fufanon. Daga cikin mafi yawan cututtukan guna na yau da kullun, anthracnose, mildew powdery, da peronosporosis an bambanta su. A matsayin rigakafin, ana amfani da sulfuridal sulfur, Ordan, Khom.
Ofaya daga cikin kwari na yau da kullun na watermelons shine ƙwanƙwasa fure, larvae wanda lalata tushen, tsaba da kuma karar wata shuka
Plantingaƙƙarfan kayan shuka, tare da ingantaccen shiri don shuka, shine mabuɗin girbi mai kyau. A wannan yanayin yana yiwuwa a guji ɓata lokaci, da haɓaka iri kuma tabbatar da girma da haɓaka tsirrai.
