Amaryllis shine fure mai fure daga dangin Amaryllis, mai kula da tsarin aji. Wannan kwayar halitta ce karami. An fara gano shi a tsakiyar karni na 18, wanda ya nuna bambancin iri ɗaya ne kawai. Kasarta ita ce Afirka ta Kudu, kuma fure ne gama gari a Australia. Kyawun kyawawan ganyayyaki masu kyau, furanni masu girma da ƙamshi mai daɗi suna sa amaryllis ya fi ƙaunar masu girbin fure a wasu ƙasashe. A cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau, ana girma kamar lambun fure. Wani lokacin a lokacin rani ana dasa shukar fure zuwa gadon filawa, amma babu cikakken jure yanayin sanyi.
Halayen Botanical
Amaryllis shine shuka mai zamani mai cike da raye-rayen rayuwa. Tushen tushen sa wakilci ne babba, kusan zagaye kwan fitila, dan kadan elongated tsaye. Dudun kwan fitila ya kai cm 4-5. A waje ne fina-finai bushe bushe mai shuɗi. Yankin farin ciki, mai ɗanɗano ya tsiro daga ƙasa.
An shirya ganyayyaki masu launin Fleshy a nau'i-nau'i a cikin jirgin sama daya. Suna da fadin santimita 2-3 kuma kusan santimita 60. launin launi yana duhu duhu.
Amaryllis blooms a karo na biyu da rabin bazara. Da farko, bayan farkawa, dogo mai tsayi, tsintsiya mai fure har zuwa 60 cm tsayi yana bayyana, sannan laima tayi fure a saman sa. Yawancin lokaci akwai launuka 4-6 a ciki, amma adadinsu na iya kaiwa 12. Manyan dako a cikin sifar da ke da kararraki shida sun kai diamita na 10-12 cm fari, cream, ruwan hoda (kusan ya kai ja) launuka ya mamaye launinsu. A tsakiyar akwai dogayen tarihi da tsoffin uwaye da kwai.
Bayan pollination, kwalaye iri tare da fuskoki guda uku. Balagagge achenes suna buɗe kansu daban-daban. A ciki akwai ƙananan tsaba, wanda sau da yawa akwai girke girke fuka-fuki.
Hankali! Ya kamata a tuna cewa amaryllis mai guba ne. Ya isa ya ci ɗan ɓangaren tsire don amai, amai har ma da gajiya koda ya bayyana. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don wanke hannayenku bayan yin aiki tare da shuka kuma kada ku bar yara da dabbobi a ciki.
Amaryllis ko hippeastrum
Ba kowa ba ne zai iya bambance amaryllis da hippeastrum, saboda suna kama sosai da kamannin. Mafi sau da yawa, masu girbi na fure sunyi la'akari da su iri ɗaya ko iri. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane bane, tunda duk tsire-tsire guda biyu suna ɗaya daga cikin al'adun halittar Amaryllis. Amma a nan akwai manyan bambance-bambance:
- amaryllis yana da fure mai launin lu'ulu'u mai rufi wanda aka rufe da fina-finai ashen-launin toka, yayin da a cikin hipeastrum kwan fitila zagaye ne, mai launin kore-fari;
- Furen fure na amaryllis ya fi guntu kuma yalwatacce, babu rami a tsakiyarsa, kuma adadin adadin kuzarin da ke kawata saman;
- sabanin hippeastrum, furannin amaryllis ba za su iya zama mai haske (jan, lemo, ruwan hoda, rawaya), tsarin launin su yana cikin kewayon daga m zuwa ruwan hoda mai haske;
- Furen furanni na Amaryllis nan da nan bayan farkawa, kafin ganye su bayyana;
- blooming amaryllis shimfidawa mai m ƙanshi, yayin da na kusa dangi ba kusan wari.
Nau'in kayan ado
Na dogon lokaci, ana daukar asalin halittar amaryllis a matsayin monotypic, wato, an haɗa shi da nau'in guda ɗaya - amaryllis Belladonna. Sai kawai a ƙarshen karni na XX. An gano nau'ikan da ke biye. A yau akwai guda 4 daga cikinsu.To, amma, daga farkon ne masu shayarwa suka fitar da abubuwa da yawa iri-iri na amaryllises. An rarrabe su ta fure fure, tsarin fure da launi. Mafi ban sha'awa a cikinsu:
- Red zaki - 2-4 manyan furanni masu launin ja da fure a kan kibiya;
- Nymph - furanni tare da gefuna masu ruwan wuta suna rufe da kunkuntar ratsi ja, kuma diamita na fure ya kai 25 cm;
- Ferrari - jan amaryllis zuwa 60 cm tsayi tare da furanni har zuwa 15 cm a diamita;
- Parker - manyan furanni masu launin shuɗi a gindi suna da rawaya mai launin shuɗi;
- Vera - furanni masu ruwan hoda masu haske tare da fure mai ruwan fure;
- Macarena - furanni masu launin shuɗi mai launin fari tare da farin fararen tsakiyar furannin waje.
Siffofin Yaduwa
Amaryllis na iya yaduwa ta hanyar zuriya ko ciyayi. Don samun tsaba, wajibi ne don gudanar da tsabtace-tsire-tsire akan kanku, canja wurin pollen tare da buroshi daga fure zuwa wata. Ripening yakan faru ne a cikin wata guda. A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne don kula da yawan zafin jiki sama da + 24 ° C. Tarin iri ake yi kamar yadda kwalaye suke fashe. Suna riƙe kyakkyawar germination har zuwa watanni 1.5, don haka kada ku yi shakka. Don dasa shuki amfani da kwantena tare da cakuda ganye da ciyawa ƙasar tare da humus. A kasar gona ya kamata ko da yaushe ya kasance dan kadan m. Shuka abu kusa da zurfin 5 mm. Kafin fitowar, an rufe akwati da fim kuma a tsare shi a daki mai zafin jiki na + 22 ... + 25 ° C. 'Ya'yan itace da manyan ganye guda biyu ana shuka su ne a cikin kananan tukwane daban. Ganyen huda a farkon shekaru 2-3 ba ayi ba. Fulawa zai fara a cikin shekaru 7-8.
Yaduwar kayan lambu shine mafi mashahuri, tunda ana adana haruffa iri-iri kuma fure yana farawa daga shekaru 3-4 na rayuwa. Yawanci, ana amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa:
- Sashen yara. Lokacin dasawa daga kwan fitilar uwar, kananan kwararan fitila tare da tushen haɓaka sun rabu. Dasafawa ana yin su a cikin tukwane dabam da ƙasa domin tsirrai. A shekarar, ba a yin amfani da ganyen ganye domin jaririn ya tattara abubuwan gina jiki.
- Rabin bulb. Dugaƙƙarfan fitila mai ƙarfi ne aka haƙa har zuwa farkon lokacin lalacewa, ganye an yanke tare da na sama an yanke kuma a kwance ya zama, a ɓoye rarrabuwa 4-8. Kowane ɗayan ya riƙe wani sashi na kasan da sikeli na waje. Ana kula da wuraren da ake yanka tare da katako na itace. Na farko, an dasa kwararan fitila a cikin yashi. Anyi amfani dashi lokaci-lokaci, amma a hankali. Tushen Delenki na kimanin wata daya, to, zaku iya lura da farkon tsiro. Shuke-shuke tare da ganye 2 suna shirye don dasawa cikin cikakkiyar ƙasa.
Dokokin saukarwa
Domin amaryllis don rayayye girma da kuma Bloom a kai a kai, Yana da Dole a kula sosai ga tsarin dasa da kuma zabi na fure. Girmanta ya dace da girman kwan fitila. Samun sarari kyauta daga gefe zuwa ga shuka ya kamata ya kasance kimanin cm 3. tankarin tanki mai fili zai taimaka ga samuwar yara da yawa. Zai fi kyau aiwatar da dasawa a cikin Yuli.
Wani lokacin farin ciki mai magudanar ruwa ya zama dole a zuba tukunyar. Kwan fitila da kanta an binne ta har zuwa tsakiyar tsayi. Yayin aiwatarwa, ba a sare ganye ba saboda tsawon lokacin da aka saba da shuka sai ya sami abinci mai gina jiki. Rooting yana ɗaukar watanni 1.5.
Cakuda ƙasa tana kunshe da turf da ƙasa mai ganye (ɓangarori 2 kowannensu), da humus da yashi (1 sashi kowane). Fresh ƙasa dole ne a haifuwa.
Kulawar Gida
Amaryllis yana nufin tsirrai tare da ayyana lokacin aiki da dormancy. Yanayin tsarewa ya dogara da wadannan matakai. Farkawa daga furen yana faruwa a cikin bazara, kuma a cikin kaka (kimanin watanni 3), amaryllis yana ciyar da yanayin rashin ƙarfi yayin da duk ɓangarorin ƙasa suka mutu.
Haske Mazaunan Afirka suna buƙatar hasken rana mai haske, haskoki kai tsaye akan ganye da furanni ba sa haifar da matsala. Wajibi ne a samar da sa'o'in hasken rana na 14-16 hours. Idan tushen hasken wuta yana kan gefe ɗaya, to, kibiya fure mai ban mamaki na iya gurɓata, saboda haka tukunyar tana jujjuya kai a kai. Kwan fitila baya buƙatar hasken wuta yayin lokacin sanyi.
Zazzabi A lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, ana kiyaye amaryllises a zazzabi na + 20 ... + 24 ° C, da dare 2-4 ° C sanyaya abin so ne. Yana da amfani sosai don kwantar da ɗakin a kai a kai, amma a kowane hali ya kamata ka sanya amaryllis a cikin daftarin. A cikin hunturu, yawan zafin jiki shine + 10 ... + 12 ° C.
Haushi. Matsakaicin mafi kyau shine 50-90%. Ya kamata ku bi dokar cewa sama da zazzabi, mafi girman zafi. Kuna iya haɓaka shi da taimakon kwandunan ruwa ko kuma fesowar ruwa lokaci-lokaci.
Watse. Bulbous tsire-tsire ba sa yin haƙuri da turɓaya na danshi a cikin ƙasa. Ruwa gare su sosai. A bu mai kyau a zuba ruwa mai tsafta, tsaftataccen ruwa a cikin kwanon don kada ya tara ƙwayoyin kwanon. A kasar gona ya kamata dan kadan m, amma ba ma bushe. A lokacin dormancy, fure furanni ba lallai ba ne kwata-kwata. A cikin bazara, an sake fara ruwa tare da kulawa sosai.
Taki. A lokacin girma, sau biyu a wata, takin yana amfani da ƙasa. Wajibi ne a musanya hadadden kwayoyin da ma'adinai. Kada kayi amfani da abubuwan haɗa bayanai tare da babban abun ciki na nitrogen.
Mai jan tsami. Furen furanni na Amaryllis har zuwa kwanaki 25. Wani lokaci, don kar ya rage kwan fitila, ana yanke kibiyar bayan buɗe farkon toho. A cikin kayan ado, za ta tsaya sosai. A cikin kaka, ganye sukan bushe da bushe. An yanke harbe, kuma an canza kwan fitila zuwa wuri mai duhu, sanyi. Ba shi yiwuwa a yanka ganyayyaki ya bushe gaba ɗaya, tunda daga gare su furen na buƙatar abinci mai mahimmanci don cikakken ci gaba.
Gudun ruwa. Tare da kulawa na yau da kullun, fure na amaryllis yana faruwa kowace shekara a ƙarshen bazara. Koyaya, ana iya kara kuzari ta wurin takamaiman kwanan wata. Daga kwararan fitila mai ƙarfi da lafiya bayan dasawa, harbe suna girma. Yana ɗaukar kimanin watanni biyu daga dasawa zuwa bayyanar buds. Idan yawan kwatancen ya wuce 2, an cire ragowar don kar ta lalata shuka. Idan furanni basu bayyana na dogon lokaci, na iya zama dalilai da yawa:
- babban tukunya;
- kwan fitila dasa ma zurfi;
- karancin takin zamani;
- ƙananan haske da ƙananan yanayin zafi;
- rashin cikakken lokacin hutawa (aƙalla watanni 3).
Cutar da kwari. Amaryllis mai saurin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal. Sun bayyana aibobi a cikin ganyayyaki da kwan fitila tare da wari putrefactive wari. A matsayin magani, an yanke wuraren da suka lalace kuma ana bi da su da maganin kashe-kashe, ruwa na Bordeaux ko maganin dindindin na potassium. A cikin iska bude, da shuka iya sha wahala daga harin na gizo-gizo da kuma albasa ticks, thrips, mealybug, sikelin kwari, aphids. Abubuwan rigakafi da acaricides zasu taimaka wajen tseratar da shi.
