A wajen kudu, an shuka ciyawar baƙar fata a cikin lambuna saboda yawan girbi na berries mai daɗi, wanda yara suke so. Lambu suna godiya da wannan amfanin gona saboda unpretentiousness da babban fari haƙuri. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, mulberries suna kara girma ba kawai a kudu ba, har ma a tsakiyar Rasha.
Wanne ciyawa suna da baƙar fata berries
Yawancin lambu suna kuskure baƙar fata baƙar fata Mulberry cikakke duk wani ciyawa da ke ba da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu launin duhu. A zahiri, akalla rabin nau'ikan launin baƙi (ciki har da nau'ikan sanannun Smuglyanka, Black Baroness, Black Prince) suna cikin nau'ikan Botanical daban-daban - farin mulberry, wanda ke da launuka daban-daban, daga fararen fari zuwa baƙar fata-baƙar fata.
An rarraba Mulberry cikin baƙi da fari, gwargwadon launi na haushi, ba kan inuwa ta berries ba.
Tebur: Kwatanta halayen baƙar fata da fari
| Alamar | Black ciyawa | Farin fure |
| 'Ya'yan itace canza launi | Letan farar baƙi. | Fari, Lilac-ruwan hoda, ruwan hoda-baki. |
| Itace canza launi | Dark mai launin ruwan kasa. | Haske launin ruwan kasa. |
| Siffar Leaf da girma | M, mai yawan zuciya, manya-manyan. | Matsakaici a cikin girman, ovate-nuna ko dissected-lobed, sau da yawa yakan zo a cikin siffofi daban-daban akan bishiyar guda. |
| Lokacin hunturu | Ananan (har zuwa -15 ... -20 ° С). | Daidaita sosai (har zuwa -30 ° °). |
| Asali | Iran | Kasar China |
Real blackberry mulmula tana da ganyayyaki masu girma, masu girman gaske
Mulberry yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin tsirrai da ake nomawa, asalinsu ana ciyar da su ne don ciyar da kwarangwal na silkworm, daga koko wanda aka samo siliki na asali. A cikin yankuna na sericulture na masana'antu, bishiyoyin bishiyoyi na nau'ikan fodder, ba bishiyun ,a ,an itace ba. Sun fi ƙarfin hali, saboda haka ana amfani da su sau da yawa a wuraren zama da sanya shinge na birni.
Ganyen Mulberry - ciyar don masassun ciran silkworm
Mulberry suna fure a kudu a watan Afrilu-Mayu, a tsakiyar layi - a watan Mayu-Yuni. Pollinated da iska da kwari. A cikin yanayi, ciyawa itace dioecious shuka wacce furanni namiji da mace suke a kan bishiyoyi daban-daban. Tsakanin nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace da aka shuka, nau'ikan jinsin halitta sun mamaye, suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan inflorescences guda akan bishiya guda. Lokacin shuka iri, haruffa sun kasu, kuma a tsakanin therean itacen akwai wasu tsire-tsire maza da yawa. Saboda haka, nau'in fruita fruitan itace masu mahimmanci na mulberry ana yaduwa kawai vegetatively.
Doka da ciyawa suna yin fure ta hanyar iska da kwari.
'Ya'yan itacen Mulberry sun yanke a cikin kudu a watan Mayu-Yuli, a tsakiyar layin - a watan Yuli-Agusta. Lokacin fruiting yana da tsawo sosai. Ripened 'ya'yan itãcen marmari sauƙi crumble a ƙasa. Tare da pollination na al'ada, bishiyoyi masu Mulberry suna ba da 'ya'ya a shekara kuma suna da yawa. Idan fure yana da kyau, a wannan lokacin babu sanyi (wanda zai iya lalata furanni ba kawai, har ma da ganyayyaki), kuma babu 'yan itace kaɗan ko kaɗan, wanda ke nufin cewa matsalar ita ce rashin pollination. Yana da Dole a dasa kusa da itacen wata iri dabam ko don yi wa alurar riga kafi dace a kambi.
Mulberries masu dadi ba su yayyafa a lokaci guda
Berries mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi launin tabarau da sutura, stains ba su da kyau a wanke.
Cikakke berries ya zama mai laushi, mai laushi, mai daɗi, suna crumple sauƙi kuma ba sa yin haƙuri da ajiya da sufuri kwata-kwata. Saboda haka, ana sarrafa amfanin gona a ranar tattarawa. Ana iya cin ciyawar 'ya'yan itace sabo, bushe, dafa jam, yin giya.
A cikin kyawawan yanayi, ciyawa kan sha 'ya'yan itace kowace shekara kuma yana wadatacce sosai
A wajen kudu, ciyawa ke girma har zuwa 15 m ba ga tsayi, kuma a cikin sharaɗɗan yanayi sun rayu kamar shekara ɗari, wani lokacin kuma ya fi tsayi. A arewaci, ci gaban matasa yayi kusan kusan kowace shekara, kuma tsirrai yakan fara ɗaukar hoto mara nauyi. Mulberry yana jure yanayin birni kuma baya jin tsoron ƙurar mota.
Yawancin bishiyoyi masu mulmula wuya ba a samun su a cikin Moscow, kuma a cikin nau'i na daji an girma har zuwa yankin Leningrad.
Ana samun manyan bishiyoyi a wasu lokuta koda a Moscow
Bambancin Mulberry Na Baki
Kalmar "baƙar fata" da sunan iri-iri na nufin launi kawai na berries, amma ba bayyanar Botanical na ciyawar ba.
Daga cikin nau'ikan launin baƙar fata-fruited, mafi yawan sanyi-sune waɗanda ke cikin nau'in Botanical farin mulberry. Wannan shine Baroness na Baƙi, Girlan Gashi mai launin Fata, Prince Prince. Suna tsayayya da sanyi ƙasa zuwa -30 ° C. Varietiesaƙƙarfan ciyayi da aka samo a cikin ɗakunan hutawa na Ukraine da kudancin Rasha, Black Pearl da Istanbul Black, suna da ƙarancin hunturu kuma suna iya girma a yankuna na kudu kawai tare da lokacin sanyi.
Admiral
Wannan shi ne kawai nau'in nau'in nau'in tsiro na ganye na black mulberry wanda a halin yanzu an shiga hukuma izuwa cikin Dokar Raba ta chiearfafa chieananan Ayyuka An Yarda don Amfani da Tarayyar Rasha. An rarraba iri-iri a Kwalejin Aikin Noma na K.A. Moscow Timiryazev. Itace babba, dogo, mai kambin gaske. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu dadi, masu nauyin 1.5-1.7 g, sun makara. A iri-iri ne hunturu-Hardy, fari-resistant da zafi-resistant.
Yarinya mai launin fata
Chokeberry iri-iri farin mulberry, bred a cikin yankin Belgorod. Itace mai matsakaici tare da rawanin dala. Berries har zuwa 3.5 cm tsawo, farkon ripening, mai dadi tare da dan kadan m acidity. A iri-iri ne monoecious, m da unpretentious. Hardness na hunturu - har zuwa -30 ° C.
Baron Fata
Chokeberry iri-iri farin mulberry, bred a cikin yankin Belgorod. Hnunƙarar Crohn, darancin matsakaici. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu tsayi 3.5-4 cm, mai dadi sosai. Lokacin girka daga matsakaici ne zuwa na ƙarshe. Monoecious unpretentious iri-iri tare da babban yawan aiki. Hardness na hunturu - har zuwa -30 ° C.
Yarima baki
Wani aronia iri-iri farin mulberry. Berries suna da yawa, har zuwa 4-5 cm tsayi, mai daɗi. Lokacin girki shine matsakaici. Hardness na hunturu - har zuwa -30 ° C, tsaurin fari mai tsauri.
Lu'u-lu'u baki
Babban nau'in-farkon mida midan farkon-farkon don yankuna na kudancin. Itace mai matsakaici Fruiting an kara har zuwa watanni 2. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari masu girma, har zuwa 4 cm tsayi, mai nauyin har zuwa 6-9 g.
Istanbul baki
'Ya'yan itãcen suna da girma, har zuwa 5 cm tsawo, marigayi marigayi. Itace yana da tsayi tare da mai rawanin maraƙi. M iri-iri mai matukar tasiri ga yankuna na kudanci. Lokacin sanyi lokacin sanyi
Gaban Hoton Hoto: Mulan itacen Mulberry Daban
- Mulberry Admiral yana da tsananin tsananin hunturu da fari
- Bambancin Smuglyanka - monoecious, m da unpretentious
- Istanbul black Mulberry a cikin yankuna na kudanci yana ba da girbi mai yawa
- Mulberry Black Baroness yana da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa
- Mulberry fruiting Black lu'u-lu'u miƙa na watanni 2
- Mulberry Black Prince yana da manyan berries
Mulberry namo
A ciyawa ne mai hoto, yanayin zafi-da zai iya tsayawa fari. A cikin yanayin, sau da yawa yana girma akan ƙasa mara kyau, akan rami mai bushe. Ba ya yi haƙuri kawai acidic ƙasa da m danshi. Lokacin dasa shuki akan katako mai nauyi, magudanan ruwa na duwatsun dutse ko tubali mai ƙyalli shine tilas a kasan ramin dasa rami. Don mulberries a gonar zabi wani wuri mai dumi, an rufe shi daga iska mai sanyi.
Ana samun mafi kyawun seedlings ta hanyar dasa tushen da aka ɗauka daga bishiyoyi masu girma a cikin yankin. Lambu a yankuna na tsakiya da na arewacin yakamata suyi taka tsan-tsan ta kasuwancin da ake samu mai girman gaske; irin waɗannan samfuran ana samunsu girma a kudanci kuma suna da ƙarancin hunturu.
Mafi kyawun tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ana samo su ne daga tushen kafe
A wajen kudu, ana shuka mulberries a bazara ko kaka, a tsakiyar layi da zuwa arewa - kawai a bazara. Don manyan bishiyoyi a kudu, nisan lokacin da dasa yake shine 7-8 m, don samuwar daji kamar yankuna a arewacin, ya isa ya bar 3 m tsakanin tsirrai.
Game da shiri na rami rami, akwai abubuwa biyu da suke gaban juna:
- tono rami mai zurfi da faɗin of 1 m, sa a yalwata karimci tare da humus a cikin adadin buhuna 2-3 a kowace shuka don samar da seedling tare da abinci na shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Sabili da haka, ana samun saurin haɓaka mai sauri na ɓangaren dutsen seedling a farkon shekarun bayan dasawa;
- tono karamin rami don dacewa da tushen a cikin tsari madaidaiciya. Kar a sanya takin mai magani kwata-kwata. Wannan hanyar tana tsoratar da ƙarin aiki da zurfin ci gaban tushen tsarin. A m bangare a lokaci guda ke tsiro a hankali, amma shuka dai itace ya zama mafi ƙarfi kuma mafi m, godiya ga zurfin iko Tushen shi mafi alh withri magance sanyi da fari.
Shuka ciyawa akan ƙasa mara kyau tana taimakawa ci gaban tsarin tushe mai zurfi
Itatuwan bishiyoyi na manya suna tsayayya da bushewar ƙasa da ƙasa. Yaran bishiyoyi suna buƙatar yin shayarwa a cikin shekara 1-2 bayan dasa, kuma kawai a cikin rashin ruwan sama. Damp a ƙarshen bazara da damina interferes tare da ripening na harbe da kuma worsens wintering na shuke-shuke.
Pruning da hunturu
Mulberry ya yi haƙuri da kyau sosai. A kudu, yawanci ana girma a cikin nau'i na itace, kuma duk an rage rage pruning don cire rassan thickening da suka wuce tare da iyakance tsayi. Shekarun farko bayan dasa shuki, ba za a iya dasa bishiyar kwata-kwata.
A cikin yankuna masu tsananin sanyi, yanayin kafa daji da yawa
- A cikin ƙaramin matasa, an yanke saman kai tsaye bayan dasa shuki don haifar da yalwataccen zane a ƙananan ɓangaren akwati.
- A cikin farkon shekaru na itaciyar rayuwar, shi ya sa hankali ga tsunkule fi na na rayayye girma harbe a tsakiyar watan Agusta domin su mafi ripening.
- Nan gaba, ana kafa daji mai tarin yawa tare da rassan shekaru daban-daban waɗanda ke shimfida kusan daga matakin ƙasa. Wuraren da ya kamata manyan rassan kwarangwal su tashi su kasance cikin hunturu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara domin kada su daskare cikin tsananin sanyi.
- Kowace bazara, duk daskararren firan rassan an yanke su, suna yanke su zuwa sashin lafiya. Manyan sassan an rufe su da nau'in lambun.
Tare da ƙirƙirar aiki mai laushi, duk babban cokali mai yatsa a cikin dusar ƙanƙara kuma sanyi ba ta lalace ta hanyar sanyi.
A cikin bazara, musamman ma a tsakiyar layin kuma zuwa arewa, ciyawa suna farkawa da yawa daga baya fiye da sauran bishiyoyi. Sabili da haka, tare da ma'anar lalacewar hunturu, dole ne a jira har Yuni. Samfuran daskararre a mafi yawan lokuta ana dawo dasu lafiya.
Youngananan kananan bishiyoyi 1-2 bayan dasa shuki ana iya nannade shi cikin agrofibre don hunturu, kuma ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsu ta kasance tare da rassa rassan. Wrapping bishiyoyin bishiyoyi ba ya da ma'ana.
Cututtuka da kwari kwari Mulberry ba yawanci ke shafawa. Tsuntsayen Berry suna iya lalata lalacewa ta hanyar tsuntsayen (starlings, blackbirds, sparrows), don kare kan abin da bishiyoyi tare da 'ya'yan itaciya za a iya rufe su da hanyar kare.
Bidiyo: Mulberry suna girma
Karatun Mulberry
Mulberry itace "wayo". Idan yanayin ya wuce shekaru 15, to ba zai daskare ba. A lokacin saurayi, tana da karancin dama. Kuma tana jin daɗi a cikin mafi canjin yanayi na duniya, Ina nufin ƙimarmu. A cikin Belarus, alal misali, babu isasshen zafi lokacin zafi.
_stefan//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/12586/
100% kore kore suna kafe a cikin talakawa abun yanka. Yanda aka fi dacewa ana ɗauka daga nau'ikan nau'ikan hunturu-Hardy mai ɗaukar nauyi. 'Ya'yan itace, ala, basa maimaita halayen kirki na iyayensu. A tsakiyar layi, farin mulberry kawai ke tsiro (wanda ke da siffofi tare da fari kuma, galibi, tare da 'ya'yan itace baƙar fata). Amma ku ɗanɗani shi daidai yake da na Kudancin baƙar fata, a cikin abin da takamaiman haihuwa ya fi girma, amma ba shi da tabbas.
Milyaev//www.websad.ru/archdis.php?code=488200
A cikin bazara na shekara ta 2015, ya dasa mulmula 2 - Smuglyanka da Black Baroness a gefe. Sun sami tushe sosai kuma suna ƙaruwa da yawa a shekara, amma suna daskarewa a cikin hunturu - Baroness at all, kuma Smuglyanka kusan zuwa ƙasa. A shekara ta 2016 mai zuwa, 5-6 ya harbe guda ɗaya da rabi tsayi daga girman hemp. A cikin hunturu, sun daskarewa da rabi. Tun da ba na son sa lokacin da bishiyoyi suka girma “tsintsiya”, na bar mafi ƙarfin harba, a yanka sauran. Kuma wannan ragowar ya zama ya zama taqaitaccen tsayin 80-90 cm, saboda sauran sunyi sanyi. A wannan shekara 5-6 sababbin harbe-harbe sama da tsayi mita ɗaya da rabi sun yi girma daga wannan ƙaramin kara. Mafi girma kuma mafi iko ya riga ya girma 2 m a tsawon.
volkoff//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=35195&st=80
Mulberry Smuglyanka fara farawa, iri-iri suna girma sosai, hibernates kuma tsayayye yana ɗaukar 'ya'yan itace a cikin yanayinmu.
Boris 12.//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?f=38&t=537&start=375
Babban halin da ake ciki na nasarar narkarda ciyawar shine 'yancin zabi na dasa kayan. Gaskiya ne gaskiya ga yankin tsakiya da sauran yankuna masu kama da yanayi, inda yawancin southernan kudu da ire-iren wannan al'adar ba sa tsayayya da lokacin sanyi. Amma har ma a cikin yankuna na kudu masu kyau tare da masu sanyi mai sauƙi, ana iya barin ba tare da amfanin gona ba idan kun yi kuskure dasa shuki tare da samfuran marasa amfani waɗanda ke ba da furanni maza kawai.
