Fasahar rawan Fulawar Yaren mutanen Holland na Farko don Masu farawa

Fasahar Yaren mutanen Holland ta ƙunshi jigilar fure a cikin shekara guda. Sanin kayan yau da kullun na wannan hanyar kuma daidaita shi zuwa ga iyawarku, zaku iya fara kasuwancin mai riba ko samar wa dangin ku da berries mai dadi ko da a cikin hunturu.

Yadda ake shuka strawberries a Holland

Don namo shekara-shekara kan sikelin masana'antu, ba shakka, ana amfani da katako. Suna kula da microclimate m zuwa strawberries. Daga kaka zuwa bazara, hasken rana yana tsawaita wucin gadi. An shimfida tsarin ban ruwa na ruwa, ana samar da mafita na abinci a cikin ta. An zaɓi iri mai daɗaɗɗa tare da berries mai kasuwa. Koyaya, wannan bai isa ba.

Babban mahimmancin fasahar Dutch shine strawberries a duk shekara

Siffar ilimin halittar wannan al'ada ita ce cewa tana bada oncea oncean sau ɗaya a kakar, iri iri - sau 2-3. Bayan fruiting, an ɗora fure daga cikin sabon tsiro kuma ragowar lokaci yana farawa. Manoman Dutch da ke ba da kuɗin sayar da strawberries ba za su iya jiran girbin na gaba ba. Suna buƙatar ci gaba da rafi na kuɗi, wanda ke nufin berries. Sabili da haka, kowane watanni 1.5-3 ana dasa sabon kayan abu, ta wannan hanyar da tsire-tsire ke fara samar da amfanin gona a duk lokacin da an riga an girbe 'ya'yan itatuwa daga waɗanda suka gabata. Ana iya cire bushes iri-iri

Farashin kashe goge strawberries, musamman kan hutu, yana ƙaruwa sau 8-10. Kodayake a lokacin rani wannan Berry ba shi da arha.

Bidiyo: narkar da ciyawar ciyawar ciyawa a shekara-shekara

Yadda ake aiwatar da fasahar Dutch

Yanzu, sanin mahimman abubuwan fasahar Dutch, za mu yi kokarin aiwatar da su a cikin yanayin Rasha na yau da kullun. Baya ga sha'awar yin aiki tare da ƙasa har ma a cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar: daki, kwantena don dasa, seedlings na nau'in da ake so, ƙasa da takin gargajiya. Bugu da kari, kudadenku na wutar lantarki da ruwa zasu karu.

Strawberry girma dakin

Tambaya ta farko da ta shafi dukkan manoma novice: inda ake sanya hunturu ko ciyawar shekara. Idan babu matsanancin zafi mai zafi, zaɓi kusurwa a cikin ɗakin ko ɗakin gaba ɗaya, rufe baranda ko veranda. A cikin gidaje gidaje, ƙarƙashin ƙasa, kayan ɗimbin fyaɗe, da garkunan dabbobi basa tsayawa akan lokaci. Duk wannan, in ana so, za a iya jujjuya karamin tsiro a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland. Haka kuma, babu windows ya kamata ya dame ku. Karami su ne, mai dumin yanayi a hunturu, amma kuma ga haske na yanayi, har yanzu bai isa ba a cikin hunturu ko da a cikin lambun hunturu ne da windows-rufin rufi. Sabili da haka, komai abin da ka zaɓa: baranda mai walƙiya ko ɗakuna, ko'ina ko'ina daga kaka zuwa bazara, wutar lantarki ta wucin gadi wajibi ne.

'Ya'yan itace ba za a iya girma ba kawai a cikin gidajen kora, ba har ma a gida, a kan windowsill

Yanayin da ba a dace da wannan al'ada ba

Domin bushes yayi girma, yayi fure kuma ya bada babba da cikakke, ya wajaba don ƙirƙirar yanayi a ƙarƙashin wanda strawberry yake jin daɗi.

1. Zazzabi: + 18 ... +25 ⁰C, a lokacin furanni dole ne a rage shi zuwa + 20 ... +21 ⁰C. +asan +12 ⁰C da sama +35 ⁰C - matsanancin yanayin zafi, haɓakar strawberry yana ragewa ko tsayawa, wanda zai shafi yawan amfanin ƙasa.
2. Hum zafi: 70-80%. Dole ne a ta da iska mai bushewa tare da mai toka ko ta sanya kwantena da ruwa. Ana cire babban zafi ta hanyar iska. Sabili da haka, samun iska a cikin strawberries shine dole.
3. Matsayin carbon dioxide shine 0.1% ko 1 dubu ppm. Idan ba tare da wannan yanayin ba, ba za a sami photosynthesis na al'ada ba, wato, abinci mai gina jiki. Tsire-tsire suna sha carbon dioxide da ruwa, juya su cikin mahallin Organic da oxygen a ƙarƙashin rinjayar haske. Akwai masu gano firikwensin da masu gano ƙimar carbon dioxide. Kuna iya rage abun da ke ciki na CO2 ta hanyar iska, da kuma haɓaka ta ta hanyar samar da hayaki, alal misali, daga mai ƙona gas, kyandir, tukunyar dumama, da sauransu.
4. Haske yakamata yayi daidai da rana. Manyan lambu na zamani za su iya yin watsi da wutar daji ta zamani, mai saurin haskakawa, hasken rana, da sayan phytolamps na musamman tare da jan-shuɗi, waɗanda ake sayar da su cikin shagunan kayan lambu. Lokacin zabar phytolamps, la'akari da yanki wanda zasu iya haskakawa. Akwai samfurari don hasken bayan gari da hasken tabo (tukunya ɗaya), kuma don cikakken canjin hasken rana don cikakken keɓaɓɓun, za a buƙaci phytopanels da ƙwararrun fitila masu fa'ida. Don mafi kyawun haske, yi amfani da tsare da sauran abubuwan kwance.
5. A Longitude na rana a lokacin da strawberries fure da kuma 'ya'yan itace ne 12-16 hours. A karkashin yanayin halitta, strawberries sun yi fure a watan Yuni, idan rana ta ɓoye na awanni 7-8 kawai a rana. A tsawon kwana, da sauri furanni da berries zai bayyana.
6. Pollination wajibi ne ga kowane iri iri na strawberry. Kowane fure yana da pestle da stamens, amma pollen baya wuce zuwa pestle da kansa, wani ya canza shi. A karamin-gona na da yawa bushes, yana da sauki da wani sashe manual pollination. A cikin manyan kanana, an kafa amya, bumblebees. A cikin itace mai matsakaici mai tsayi, zaku iya sanya mai talla kuma kuyi amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar iska mai wucin gadi.
7. Tsarin Ban ruwa. Ana iya shayarwa da hannu; don babban tsire-tsire, layin bushewa ban ruwa.

Hoton hoto: kayan aiki don namo shekara

Dasa kayan, fasahar frigo

Domin strawberries don gaskata da halin kaka na girma da shi a gida, kuma ko da a cikin hunturu, farkon cikakke da m iri ake bukata. Waɗannan sun haɗa da: Alba, Octave, Sonata, zuma, Darenka, Clery da sauransu Duk wani nau'in halittar Dutch ya dace, saboda tare da babban matsayin yiwuwar an girma su a cikin gidajen katako. Akwai matsala mafi wahala fiye da zaɓar iri-iri: inda zan samo shi, da kuma yadda ake adana kayan dasa a cikin hunturu. Bayan haka, kowane watanni 2-3 kuna buƙatar dasa sabbin bushes.

A kowane lokaci na shekara zaka iya sayan strawberries ko frigo strawberries

Da yake mun fahimci mahimmancin fasahar Dutch, dalilin frigo strawberries ya zama bayyananne. Da farko dai manoma ne kawai ke amfani da shi don yin girma a cikin gidajen katako. Yanzu wannan kayan dasa ya bayyana a cikin siyarwa kyauta. Frigo - gashin-baki na 'ya' ya 'yan fari, an girbe shi a cikin bazara, adana su a zazzabi 0 ... -2 ⁰C. A kowane lokaci, ana iya cire irin waɗannan ƙwayoyin daga ɗakunan ajiya da farkawa ta hanyar sanya su a cikin yanayi mai kyau.

Bidiyo: yadda yake kama da abin da za a yi tare da frigo strawberries (shawara daga mai ba da shawara kan aikin gona)

Abu ne mai sauki ka yi tunanin yadda, mallakin yanki naka, ya mallaki kayanka na kyauta ko na strawberries ko frigo strawberries:

1. Shuka nau'ikan da kuke buƙata akan rukunin yanar gizonku, zaɓi mafi yawan tsire-tsire masu ciyawa, tushen gashin-baki.
2. A cikin kaka, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na iska ba ya tashi sama da 0 ⁰C, strawberries sun riga sun kasance a wani matakin da ba a sani ba, tono matattarar matasa.
3. A hankali girgiza ƙasa daga tushen. Ba za ku iya wanka, bushe, yanke tushen ba!
4. Yanke ganye, barin petioles da ƙananan ganye a tsakiyar - zuciya.
5. Seedlingsulla seedlings a cikinure na 5, 10 ko 20 guda. A cikin bargo na masana'antu, an haɗa su a 50-100.
6. Ninka a cikin jakunkuna na filastik ko akwati tare da fim.
7. Adana a zazzabi na 0 ... -2 ⁰C da zafi 90%. A mafi karancin karkatar da zazzabi a cikin haɗe, ciyawar da ke tashi, a -3 ⁰C ya mutu.

Idan baku da damar yin siyayya da adana frigo, to kuna iya siyan sa a garinku ko yin oda ta yanar gizo. Tabbas, kuna buƙatar yin wannan a cikin hunturu. A cikin lokaci mai zafi, soket suna farkawa kafin su isa ga abokin ciniki, ganye ya shimfiɗa ya bushe ya bushe ba tare da abinci ba. An adana allunan daskararru na watanni 9, watakila ya fi tsayi, amma yawan amfaninsu ya ragu. Don farkar da seedlings, canja wurin su zuwa zafi da kuma damar narke ba tare da yin rajista ba. Bambancin zazzabi mai zafi zai haifar da bugun zafin jiki, wanda zai kai ga mutuwa. Bayan kare, ƙara ƙananan seedlings na tsawon awanni 3 tare da tushen cikin ruwa. Zaka iya ƙara haɓaka haɓakawa da ginin tushe.

Akwati ga strawberries

A bayyane yake cewa, bisa ga fasahar Dutch, kowane daji ba ya buƙatar yanki na 50x50 cm, saboda tsire-tsire na shekara suna girma, babu wanda zai ba su shekaru 4 don su girma kuma su ba da 'ya'ya. Clowaƙwalwar ƙasa tare da diamita na akalla 15 cm da zurfin 25-30 cm ya isa ga irin wannan bushes.

• mutum tukwane;
• kwantena, kwalaye;
• jakunkuna na filastik tare da ɓatarwa a ƙarƙashin bushes a nesa na 25-30 cm rami ɗaya daga ɗayan;
• filastik gutters.

Bayar da fifiko ga kwantena waɗanda aka sauƙaƙe daga ƙasa, gurɓataccen, da kuma farfado. Don mafi kyawun amfani da yankin, ana shirya kwantena ko wasu kwantena a tsaye a cikin tiers: an haɗa su a bango, an sanya su a kan sigogi, da dai sauransu.

A cikin greenhouses masana'antu, ana shuka strawberries a rataye.

Hydroponics ko namo ƙasa?

A cikin Holland, noman hydroponic ya zama ruwan dare. Ilasa ba ta ɗaukar darajar abinci mai gina jiki. Tsire-tsire suna tasowa ne saboda abubuwan gina jiki daga takin ma'adinai. Ana amfani da fiber na kwakwa sosai, yana da pores da tashoshi masu yawa a cikin tsarin sa. Wadannan motsi suna cike da iska, ruwa da abinci. Tushen glide da yardar kaina daga wannan micropore zuwa wani, ɗaukar abubuwan da ke ciki. Koyaya, idan hydroponics sabon abu ne kuma ma gaye ga masu lambun Rasha, sannan ga Turai tare da lalatacciyar ƙasa, ƙarancin ƙasa da ƙarancin ruwa, hydroponics shine mafita mai mahimmanci da larura. Bayan duk wannan, wannan fasaha baya buƙatar ƙasa kuma koyaushe yana tare da ban ruwa mai sarrafa kansa na tattalin arziki.

Ana amfani da fiber na kwakwa sau da yawa a matsayin madadin ruwa a cikin aikin namo hydroponic.

A Rasha, har yanzu yana da amfani don amfani da ƙasa don aikin mutum. Mixasa ƙasa za a iya yin ta da kanka kuma kyauta. Ko da an gama cikin shagon yana da arha fiye da fiɗa na kwakwa. Servesasa ta kasance azaman tanadin abinci mai gina jiki, ba lallai bane muyi, kamar yadda yakamata game da aikin ruwa, shirya kullun kuma yana ba da mafita a gwargwado da yawa. Ya isa ya sanya ƙasa mai gina jiki don dasa shuki kuma sanya kayan miya a kai a kai lokaci-lokaci. Bugu da kari, mafita na musamman don hydroponics har yanzu ba a samunsa akan siyarwa, suna da tsada, yawan amfani. Tabbas, a cikin masana'antar katako na masana'antu, ganye, kayan lambu, da berries suna girma ba tare da ƙasa ba, amma sayan takin zamani da abubuwa masu canji akwai ƙari, ƙari ribar daga babbar kamfani ba ta yi daidai da kudin shiga na ɗan kasuwa mai zaman kansa ba.

Bidiyo: takin hydroponics - bayani ga masu farawa

Don namo ƙasa, ana iya siyan cakudin strawberries / strawberries a cikin shago ko shirya da kansa ta hanyar haɗar da ƙasa turfy tare da peat da humus da aka cika sosai. Wannan ƙasa dole ne ta zama cikin dumin jiki ta kowace hanya zuwa +100 ⁰C don kawar da kwari da ƙwayoyin cuta. Daga baya, yayin girma girma, maye gurbin ƙasa bayan bushes tare da sabo ko goge tsohuwar kuma man tare da takin zamani.

Ilasa don strawberries shima ya dace da strawberries, ana sayar dashi a cikin kundin daban-daban, kusan koyaushe ya ƙunshi peat, foda foda da takin ma'adinai

Abubuwan kwayoyin halitta basu dace da taki ba, musamman idan kun shuka tsire a cikin wani gida. Yana da wataƙila cewa gidanka zai yi haƙuri da ƙanshi da taki. Lokacin dasawa da manyan riguna, yi amfani da cakuda cakuda (Gumi-Omi, BioGumus, ganye mai tsabta, Agricola, da sauransu). A cikin umarnin kowane ɗayan akwai sashi: nawa ya kawo ƙarƙashin daji lokacin dasa da ciyar.

Saukowa da kulawa

Lokacin da aka shirya ɗakin, an ƙirƙiri microclimate mai mahimmanci, akwai ƙasa da tsire-tsire, zaku iya fara dasawa, wanda babu bambanci da wanda aka saba. Zuba magudanar ruwa tare da suttirin 2-3 cm har zuwa gindin tukwane da kwantena, perlite, vermiculite, kwarin kogi, da sauransu za su yi .. Sannan sanya seedlings a cikin kwantena, shimfiɗa Tushen, kiyaye tsirrai a irin wannan matakin da zukata ke saman ƙasa, kuma su rufe tushen da ƙasa. , hada shi lokaci-lokaci.

Bidiyo: dasa shuki a cikin girka

Kula da strawberries a gida yana tunatar da tsabtace gida, la'akari da halaye na amfanin gona.

1. Kula da duk sigogi masu mahimmanci don strawberries: zazzabi, zafi, haske, abun ciki na CO2.
2. Kula da kasar gona.
3. Ciyar da bushes kowane kwana 10 tare da sayi gaurayawan hade da aka kirkira don strawberries. Sun ƙunshi dukkanin mahimman micro da macrocells (Agricola, Fertika, sheet mai tsabta, da sauransu).
4. A lokacin fure, kula da pollination.
5. Feshi da rigakafin hana cututtuka da kwari. Cire ganyayyaki marasa lafiya da berries daga bushes.

Tare da hasken rana 16-awa, da strawberries Bloom 10 kwanaki bayan dasa, da berries ripen cikin kwanaki 35. Fruiting yana tsawon makonni 3-4. Don ci gaba da jigilar kayayyaki, da berries na gaba tsari na strawberries ya kamata ripen da lokacin da na baya daya gama fruiting. Don haka, tazara tsakanin saitin ya kamata ya zama watanni 1-1.5. Za'a iya samun ci gaba ta hanyar haɓaka iri daban daban tare da lokutan magudan ruwa.

Amma a farkon farkon ci gaban wannan fasaha, ci gaba ba shi da mahimmanci kamar ƙarfin don samun berries mai daɗi a cikin ƙarshen-kakar. Yi ƙoƙarin shuka akalla amfanin gona guda ɗaya, sannan yanke shawara don kanku: shin ya cancanci fara kasuwanci ko ya isa ku iyakance kanku don haɓaka strawberries don yardar kanku da kuma abubuwan sha'awa.

Fasahar girma ta Dutch tana ba ku damar girbi koyaushe, ba tare da la'akari da lokacin shekara ba ko yanayin yanayi. Zaku iya sarrafa shi a kan bishiyoyi da yawa da aka dasa a cikin tukwane na fure. Babban abu shine shirya ko siyan kayan shuka mai kyau da koyon yadda ake kirkira da kula da yanayi mai kyau don al'adu.