A Apple Spas 'ya'yan itatuwa donate apple itace Grushevka Moskovskaya

Tun zamanin d ¯ a, a {asar Russia, an yi amfani da} ananan launin rawaya, Moscow pear don dace ripening ga farko girbi bikin - Apple Mai ceto.

Hakika, kada ku ci a farkon watan Agusta Wani sabo ne, mai tsarki apple a coci a tsakanin Slavs na gabas an dauke shi babban zunubi.

Watakila shi ya sa wannan ma'anar asalin kasar Rasha an kira shi sosai a hankali kuma yana da matsala: Sladchina, Spasovka, Sadova, Pestrushka, Skoropospelka, Pear Red.

Bayani na Grushovka Moskovskaya iri-iri da abin da apples ke kama a hoto - zaka ga duk wannan a cikin labarin.

Abin da ke nufi

Itacen Grushovka Moscow itace itace don rani iri.

Tsayayya ga sanyi a lokacin sanyi, kayan lambu na farko, yawan amfanin ƙasa ya zama tushen dalili na zabar tsirrai mai launi na Moscow a matsayin samani na sababbin iri. Daga cikin su akwai 'ya'yan apples Pear ne farkon kuma Siberian kyauta.

Grushovka Moskovskaya - wani wuri na farko na apples. Lokaci na tsawon lokacin adadin apples don makonni 2 a farkon watan Agusta.

'Ya'yan itãcen wannan iri-iri ba su da girbi ba tare da aiki ba, kamar yadda suke rayuwar rayuwa ba fiye da kwanaki 60 ba.

Fruit pears Moscow fi son amfani da sabon amfanikamar yadda suke arziki a cikin ascorbic acidnan take soluble sugars da abubuwa masu alama.

Apples Grushovka suna da calori abun ciki na 47 kcal.

Apples suna da kyakkyawan dandano da kuma aiki mai yawa (jam, jams, juices, candy, baby baby abinci, ruwan inabi, dried 'ya'yan itace).

By rani azuzuwan hada da: Melba, Bugler, Gornoaltaisk, robin, idin, Silver kofato, seedling Slontsedara, Solntsedar, Green Valley, White cika, Yandykovskoe, Hero na rana, Terentevka, ta Kudu, The Yuli Chernenko, Quintus, Korobovka, ban mamaki, Elena, Slava lashe , Anniversary.

Ruwan jini

Daban-daban Grushovka Moskovskaya - itacen apple rashin kaifin kaiGa ovary na 'ya'yan itace wanda pollination na wani iri-iri da ake bukata. Abin da ya sa, sau da yawa, masu ƙwayar lambu sun dasa bishiyoyi a wajabcin lokacin kuma ba su da 'ya'ya.

Ga Grushovka Moskovskaya, mafi kyaun pollinators shine: Cinnamon, Papirovka, Bellefleur-Kitaika, Antonovka.

A cikin zaɓen pollinator ya kamata a yi la'akari:

• daidaituwa na flowering da fruiting lokaci;
• Abubuwan da ake amfani da shi na pollinator na yankin;
• Ya kamata a gurfanar da mahallin su ta hanyar manyan abubuwa.

Yana da muhimmanci: Ba zai yiwu a dasa gonar da za a iyakance ga nau'i daya ba: yana yiwuwa a sami raunin rashin lafiya ba tare da bishiyoyin pollinating ko don zama ba tare da shi ba.

Bayani na kwatanta Grushovka Moscow

Ka yi la'akari da bambancin apple da 'ya'yan itace.

A cikin shekaru biyu, sapling na wannan iri-iri yana da lokaci don samar da rassan skeletal. Bayan shekaru goma sai injin ya juya cikin itace mai tsayi (har zuwa mita takwas) tare da lush fadi kambi na pyramidal, da kuma shekaru - a cikin hanyar kwallon.

Ciyayi na pear girma yana da kambi mai laushi kuma ya kai tsawon mita 5-7wannan ya kamata a yi la'akari da lokacin saukowa. Sukan hawan shekaru biyu suna da laushi, mai launi mai duhu, a cikin itatuwan tsirrai ne orange-rawaya.

Manyan elongated da yawa a kan dogon petioles tare da gefe mai tsummatuwa kadan daga fitowa daga baya kuma suna da launin rawaya. Leban blades a wasu tsire-tsire suna juyawa tare da manyan riguna.

Ruwan tare da ruwan hoda (a watan Mayu), tsire-tsire a cikin tsari na furanni an rufe shi da manyan furanni mai launin fure, mai siffar saucer, tare da 10 stamens da pistil.

M 'ya'yan itace - mai sauƙi oblate globularsu ne daban multicolor canza launi: daga rawaya-kore zuwa rawaya mai launin rawaya, tare da bugun jini, ƙugiyoyi da sanduna a kan rana.

Fata ne na bakin ciki, mai santsi da haske tare da kakin zuma. Jiki yana da launin rawaya, kusa da fata - ruwan hoda, mai laushi da m. Kyakkyawan tayi na karɓar furen fiber.

Tsaba (a cikin ɗakunan rufe) suna da matsakaici a girman kuma launin ruwan kasa mai launi. Girman apples suna ƙananan (60-100 gr.). Tare da kulawa mai kyau zai iya isa 120 grams. A dandano 'ya'yan itace - furci mai dadi.

Taimako:Yawan 'ya'yan itace na pear yana da babban adadin ascorbic acid, wanda ke buƙatar kariya don kare adon hakora. An bada shawara bayan cin apples don wanke bakinka sosai da ruwa.

Hotuna

Tarihin kiwo

Ya zamani suna Grushivka karbi mai tsawo lokaci da suka wuce, ko da kafin aka bayyana a matsayin mai yawa da sanannun connoisseur na 'ya'yan itace. A. Bolotov.

Haka ne, da kuma "pear" ya zama saboda ya zama kamar kamuwa da kwayar halitta cewa siffar kambi a lokacin da ya tsufa yana kama da cikakke pear.

Bayanin - "Moscow" - dole ne a yi don tabbatar da bambanci daga iri-iri iri iri da suka kasance a yamma Pears Jamus.

A namo na iri-iri ya tafi ta halitta., kokarin da ake yi, yana zaune a yankin zuwa arewa Yankin Chernozem, a cikin Urals, a Siberia ci gabatun da itatuwan apple sanannen sanannen hunturu.

Apple Tree Grushovka Moscow a cikin karni na 19 zauna a cikin wannan latitudes Arewacin Amirka. A nuni a cikin jana'izar gabatar da shi a karkashin sunan Tetfskykuma in Canada, a kan pollination na seedling, iri iri-iri Mantetwanda yanzu yana da mashahuri tare da masu gida.

Yankin rarraba

Rashin juriya na iri-iri zuwa tsauraran sanyi (har zuwa -50 digiri Celsius) ya kara girmanta daga tsakiya zuwa arewa da gabas Siberian yankin.

Grushivka Moskovskaya tun 1947 hada a cikin Jihar Register ga arewacin yankuna na Turai da Asiya na Rasha Federation.

Wasu daga cikin 'yan Siberian suna da siffofi a lokacin tsari. Pears samu nasarar girma a yankin Volga, a Kuban, a Belarus da Kazakhstan.

Yawo

Da iri-iri ne sanannen don yawan amfanin ƙasa, wanda ya bayyana lokaci (bayan shekara).

Dabbobi ba su samo darajar kasuwanci ba, amma sun yi kira ga masu zaman kansu da masu zaman kansu, waɗanda suka kasance suna shirye su kula da itace marar amfani da tsammanin amfanin gona mai girma (har zuwa 180 kilogiram daga wani akwati).

Tsarin bishiya iri-iri, itacen Pear, yana da tsawon (fiye da shekaru 50), itacen bishiya ya fara yin 'ya'ya a cikin shekaru 4. Kuma tun daga shekara ta farko, ana iya cire lita 10 na kowane itace.

Wannan itacen yana tasowa sosai bayan na farko furanni, ya janye 85-95% na furanni. Kuma karya kashe 50% na 'ya'yan itace har yanzu yana cikin tsire-tsire.

Don haka zaka iya ci gaba da daidaita al'ada. Sauran dindin za su yi girma kuma za su yi bushe.

Idan ba ku bi wannan doka ba, to, kada ku tsere Girgizar bishiya kuma sakamakon zai iya zama m. Dubi bidiyon kawai game da shi.

Musamman mahimmanci a zabar wani wurin saukowa - sunny hill, rufe zuwa iska. Kwayar 'ya'yan itace da aka sassaka suna da crumble, kuma daga gusts na iska shattering zai ƙara.

Kodayake iri-iri, a gabaɗaya, ana haifar da mummunan kullun, kullun Moscow mai kula da haɗuwa da ƙananan ruwa.

An haramta contraindicated lowlands, valleys, depressions, inda shuka na iya sha sanyi a lokacin flowering flowering. Ƙasar ƙasa mai fi so don apple - yashi da zurfin loam.

Tip: Idan har yanzu ruwan ruwa yana barazanar dasa shuki, wajibi ne a gwada tafkuna mai tsabta kusa da itace mai kyau.

Mafi kyau lokaci don dasa shuki apple shine: ƙarshen Afrilu (daga 20th number) ko kaka, har zuwa Oktoba 20 (a wani lokaci daga baya shi ne mafi alhẽri shuka wani seedling har sai spring).

Yana da muhimmanci: An yi aikin aikin noma a mako daya kafin saukowa.

Saukowa Algorithm:

1. Gi rami 70 cm zurfi da diamita na 100 cm.
2. Don sassauta kasa na rami ba tare da cire ƙasa ba.
3. Sanya kananan gwangwani a kasa.
4. Don cika rami kan 1/3 tare da humus Layer.
5. Add ma'adinai da takin gargajiya (superphosphate, itace ash, taki).
6. Haɗa tare da ƙasa mai laushi a kasan ramin kuma cika shi zuwa rabi na tsawo.
7. An kafa tudu daga ƙasa.
8. Ana kwantar da gungume a tsakiyar ramin, don haka ya tashi 50 cm a sama da shi. Tsayawa da gangar jikin, tushen asalin da aka shimfiɗa a kan tudu a arewacin gungumen.
9. Tushen an yayyafa shi da ƙasa, duk lokacin da yayi hankali a hankali, don haka wuyan wuyansa ya tashi a saman kasa ta 5 cm.
10. An sanya nau'in seedling zuwa fatar da aka sanya tare da igiya na filastik.
11. Na farko da ya kamata a yi amfani da ruwa ya zama mai yawa - har sai an cika ƙasa sosai (5 buckets).
12. Pristvolnuyu surface ciyawa 5 cm peat Layer.
13. Watau maimaitawa a cikin mako daya.

Yana da muhimmanci: Saukowa ya fi dacewa don yin tare.

Daga kulawa ya dogara da yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin 'ya'yan itace.

Kula da itacen bishiya ya ƙunshi tsarin matakan da ya dace: watering, kafa kambi (tare da tsarin pruning), shimfiɗa na sama (tushen), rigakafin cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar kwari.

Watering da za'ayi ta hanyar sprinkling, da maraice. Kafin ingancin ruwa, ƙaddamar da gefen bindiga (60 cm daga akwati) an yi shi da cokali mai yatsa. A wani lokaci, ana samun lita 20-30 na ruwa a kan dan shekaru biyu. A cikin bushe da zafi zafi watering ne da za'ayi har zuwa 2 sau a mako.

Ƙaddamarwar Crown Ya ƙunshi kwanciya da akwati da kuma pruning harbe don samar da skeletal rassan. Don wannan, 6-7 buds aka bar, yankan saman 12 cm.

An yi bishiyoyi bishiyoyi, sunyi jagorancin manufofin da suka biyo baya:

• kau da gasa harbe (don dace girma na matasa rassan);
• dillancin kambi don isasshen gishiri;
• kau da bushe da lalace rassan;
• kara yawan rassan fannoni;
• samar da sauƙi na girbi;
• shirya shuka don yanayin sanyi na sanyi.

Kujera pruning aka gudanar a spring da kaka. An cire 'ya'yan itacen apple daga harbe wanda ya bayyana a bara, an shirya su tare da manufar kara yawan amfanin ƙasa, tsofaffi - don manufar sake dawowa.

Ana biyan da yanka tare da manna m - farar lambun.

Yana da muhimmanci: A cikin spring pruning samar kafin buds yaɗa.

Basal dressing ne da za'ayi sau 4 a kowace kakar:

• na farko - A ƙarshen Afrilu (Kwaiya 500 na urea ko buckets 10 na naman ana yada kewaye da itace);
• na biyu - a farkon flowering (1 kg na superphosphate, 800 g na potassium sulfate, 500 g na urea da lita 200 na ruwa); amfani da shuka - lita 40 na wani bayani mai magunguna;
• na uku - a lokacin tsawon 'ya'yan itace (1 kg nitrophoska, 20 g na busassun sodium mai zafi da lita 200 na ruwa); kashi - lita 30 a ƙarƙashin itace;
• na huɗu - bayan girbi (300 grams na superphosphate, 300 grams na potassium sulphide karkashin kowane itace); Ana yin amfani da takin hannu ta hannu, yada cikin ruwa don lokacin bushe, watsawa a kusa da itacen a cikin ruwan sama.

Dubi bidiyon game da kula da bishiyoyi, ciyarwa da kula da kwaro.

Cututtuka da kwari

A lokacin da ake yin noma, ƙwayoyin gonar za su iya bugun apples, kansu da ke sa su ba da amfani don amfani. Ana yin magani mai mahimmanci tare da shirye-shirye guda, amma yanzu bayan mataki na flowering. Used a cikin yaki da 'ya'yan itace rot da "Fundazol."

Taimako: Babban ikon dawowa shine daya daga cikin amfanin wannan nau'i, kuma babban rashin amfani ya haɗa da rashin lafiyar cutar cututtuka (scab).

Yawan murfin ganye da kuma inuwa daga cikin gangar jikin kuma ya sa apple ba ya karewa daga cututtukan fungal.

Taimako: Don kauce wa kamuwa da cutar ta apple, yana da daraja yin tsawa na yau da kullum (spring and autumn). Yanke rassan ya kamata a ƙone, ba tare da barin rabuwa na jayayya a gonar ba.

Rigakafin na kwayoyin cuta ne:

Ana cire rassan bishiyoyi da shrunkenshafi rigar rot.

Dandalin shuke-shuke marasa lafiyabayani (jan karfe sulfate ko jan karfe chloride).

Tsayar da ƙasar fallow har zuwa shekaru 2 (aka ba da shi don saukowa).

Ƙungiyar Brownish a kan layi akan magana game da lalacewar lalacewa scab Wannan cuta ce wadda ke barazanar ba ganye kawai ba, har ma da furanni da 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Don hana cutar, a farkon lokacin bayyanar ganye, ana bi da shuka tare da mafita na kayan da aka gama (1 ampoule "Skor" ko "Horus" da lita 10 na ruwa).

Za a iya amfani da shi don shayar da kambi da kuma bayani na colloidal sulfur (50 g da lita 10 na ruwa).

Abũbuwan amfãni daga iri-iri, wanda ya tabbatar da shi irin wannan dogon lokaci.

Grushovka Moscow na ƙarni da yawa shine kayan haɗi mai ban sha'awa na lambun mai zaman kansa. Menene ya ƙaddamar da karuwar ta?

Kamar yadda yake:

• high winter hardiness;
• ikon dawowa;
• farkon 'ya'yan itace ripening;
• high yawan amfanin ƙasa;
• shirye-shirye na farko don yin 'ya'ya (a shekara ta 4);
• dogon lokaci na yawan amfanin gona;
• dandano mai kyau da ƙananan 'ya'yan calorie masu low;

Har ila yau akwai wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa, amma za ka iya ci gaba da su:

• kananan 'ya'yan itatuwa? amma rabo daga cikin ɗakunan iri na ainihin zuwa taro na ɓangaren litattafan almara ne kadan;
• ba dace da sufuri da tsawon ajiya ba? - akwai hanyoyi masu yawa don adana apples a cikin tsari;
• ba tare da ɓangaren lokaci ba? - yana yiwuwa a tattara 'ya'yan itacen marmari a kowace rana, ba tare da damuwarsu game da aikin gaggawa ba a yanzu yawancin su.