Duk da irin aikin da ake yi akai akai na masu shayarwa don samar da sabon nau'in innabi, wasu nau'ikan "tsohuwar" suna da kyau sosai har masu noman giya basa son rabuwa dasu. Wadannan nau'ikan sun hada da 'ya'yan itacen inabi na Rizamat da suka samo asali daga Uzbekistan. An rarrabe ta da irin waɗannan halayen ɗanɗano masu ban al'ajabi waɗanda 'yan koyo ke yin komai don haɓaka shi har ma a cikin yanayin Rasha wanda bai dace da wannan nau'in yanayin motsi ba.
Tarihin girma inabi Rizamat
'Ya'yan Rizamat sun fito ne daga Uzbekistan mai rana. An haife shi a cikin 70 na karni na ƙarshe ta masana kimiyya na reshen Samarkand na Cibiyar Bincike na Horticulture da Viticulture. R.R. Schroeder. Marubutan nau'ikan sune R.V. Ogienko, K.V. Smirnov da A.F. Gerasimov, wanda ya yi amfani da Uzbek inabi Kattakurgan da Parkentsky a cikin zaɓi. Sabuwar iri-iri sun sami sunanta ne ta girmamawa ga mai ba da ruwan giyar Rizamat Musamuhamedov. Bayan ƙaddamar da gwajin iri-iri na jihar, an ba da shawarar don narkar a duk ƙasar Uzbekistan, Georgia da Turkmenistan. Saboda kyawun dandano, yawan amfanin ƙasa da kyakkyawar bayyanar, ya sami karbuwa a Kazakhstan, Rasha da Ukraine, inda aka samu nasarar ci gaba a cikin yankuna na kudanci, kodayake yana iya samun nasarar ci gaba a tsakiyar layi yayin ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau.
'Ya'yan Rizamat na kan bidiyo
Ana amfani da Rizamat don samar da sabbin iri. Misali, a kan nau'ikansa Rizamat barga, Rizamat mara hankali, Rizamat mai kyauta (baƙi) an bred. Duk da wasu ab advantagesbuwan amfãni (juriya mai sanyi, juriya cutar), duk nau'ikan halittun suna da ƙarancin ɗanɗano cikin ɗanɗano zuwa asalin asalin.
Bayanin sa
Rizamat wani iri ne na cin abincin-tebur kuma ana ɗaukar shi a farkon ripanyen innabi a cikin ƙasarta (ranakun girma 135-140 kwana a yawan zafin jiki na 2800-3000 game daC) A cikin yanayin Rasha, lokacin cikakken lokaci ya cika - shekaru na biyu na Satumba.
Bushes suna da matsakaiciyar girma. Harbe yana da tsayi, launin ruwan kasa mai haske a launi, tare da matsakaici-sized, ɗan kadan ganye. Rip da kyau. Furanni suna bisexual, saboda haka ana iya girma wannan iri ba tare da tsirrai tsintsaye ba.
Budsan Rizamat sun fara yin fure a farkon rabin May (kusan wata guda ke nan fiye da na Uzbekistan), fure yana farawa a ƙarshen Yuni - farkon Yuli. Berries fara farawa a cikin rabin na biyu na Agusta, ana iya cinye sabo a cikin shekaru na biyu ko na uku na Satumba.
Manyan goge masu ruwan hoda suna da kyawun fuska
Rizamat ya yi girma, gungu-gungu, zuwa 17-18 cm tsayi. Yawancin hannu yana da matsakaiciya, adadin yana 500-550 g (yana iya kaiwa 800-1000 g, lokaci-lokaci har zuwa 3 kg). Siffar cylindrical na berries tana da girma sosai: tsawon 28-30 mm, nisa 19-20 mm, matsakaici mai nauyi 6.2 g, amma zai iya kai 14. g fata mai laushi mai rufi an rufe ta da madafan kakin zuma mai kauri da yawa mai haske "blush". A ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da mai yawa, kintsattse daidaito. Kowane Berry yana da tsaba-matsakaici 2-3.
The berries ne da yawa a cikin girman girma, amma a lokaci guda a kan hannun na iya zama peeling na berries
Dandano yana da daɗi, mai daɗin ɗanɗano kaɗan (maki 9.1). Babu wani ƙanshin dandano mai ban mamaki. An yi bayanin jituwa ta dandano ta hanyar cewa babban sukari mai yawa (20%) an daidaita shi da isasshen adadin acid (4.5-5 g / l).
Halaye iri-iri
Ba abin mamaki ba Rizamat ya sami manyan alamomi daga kwararru - yana da fa'ida da ba za a iya shakkar aukuwarsa:
- babban palatability, kyakkyawan bayyanar;
- babban kayan aiki (20-30 kg daga wani daji, tare da kulawa mai kyau, daji mai shekaru 15-20 yana iya bayarwa har zuwa kilogiram 70).
Versaunatattun waɗanda ke haɓaka Rizamat sun yi imani da cewa waɗannan fa'idodin gaba ɗaya suna yin kafara don ƙarancin iri-iri, waɗanda, rashin alheri, suna da yawa:
- low juriya sanyi (har zuwa -17 ... -18 game daC) bukata tsari na bushes ga hunturu;
- mai saukin kamuwa da cutar oidium;
- fatattaka berries a cikin ruwa sama a lokacin ruwan sama:
- halayyar pee berries;
- haɗuwa mara kyau tare da hannun jari;
- tantance kulawa.
Saukowa da kulawa
Shuka ka'idojin 'ya'yan itacen inabi na Rizamat kusan babu bambanci da sauran iri. A bu mai kyau a shuka wannan innabi a cikin bazara domin ya girma da ƙarfi ta hanyar hunturu na gaba. Tare da dasa kaka, akwai haɗarin cewa karamin seedling na wannan ba ma sanyi mai jurewa iri-iri zai mutu yayin sanyi.
Ba kamar sauran nau'ikan Rizamat ba, kusan ba shi yiwuwa a yadu da alurar riga kafi. Babban hanyar haifuwa ita ce shuka tare da amfanin gona.
Inabi cikakke daidai ya ba da tushen a cikin damp ƙasa
Abu ne mai sauki ka shuka seedlings da kanka. Don yin wannan, ana sanya pege tare da kodan 4-5 tare da ƙananan yanke a cikin ruwa kuma jira farin Tushen ya bayyana. Madadin ruwa, zaku iya ɗaukar kwalban filastik tare da saman da aka yanke, cike da ƙasa mai laima. Germination of cuttings fara a farkon shekaru goma na Fabrairu da ƙãre seedlings ana samu kawai a lokacin dasa - shekaru goma na farko na Mayu.
'Ya'yan inabi suna haifa da kyau ta hanyar farawa. Kwarewar namu a cikin 'ya'yan itacen inabi na nuna cewa ya isa a zaɓi ɗan itacen da ya ci gaba mai kauri tare da kauri kusan 1-1.5 cm, tono ƙasa mai laushi kuma latsa (alal misali, tubalin 2-3). Kuna buƙatar shayar da keɓaɓɓun launuka akai-akai - samuwar Tushen ya dogara da wannan. Babban abu - kar a rush ka raba da layering daga mahaifiyar daji. Marubucin ya yi irin wannan kuskuren, a sakamakon haka, tsiron da aka raba ya zama mara wuya kuma yana buƙatar kimanin shekaru biyu na tsananin tsananin kulawa da kulawa.
Girma inabi Rizamat - bidiyo
Don dasa Rizamat, kuna buƙatar zaɓar wuri mafi duhu a wurin. A ƙasa ne kyawawa m, sako-sako da. An hana shi sosai don dasa inabi a wuraren da ke faruwa na kusa da ruwa. Nisa tsakanin bushes ya kamata aƙalla 3 m.
Kafin dasawa, kuna buƙatar shirya rami tare da fadi da zurfin cm 80. isarshen an rufe shi da tubalin da ya karye ko dutse mai ƙarfe (5-6 cm). Bayan haka, kusan rabin ramin ya cika da ƙasa wanda aka haɗe shi da takin da kuma ƙaramin adadin takin-mai-magani na potassium (alal misali, zaku iya iyakance kanku zuwa 20-30 g na superphosphate). Ana zuba saman ƙasa (7-8 cm) a saman don kare asalin sa. Yana da kyau a bar ramin cike tsawon kwanaki 10-15.
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin rami, kana buƙatar sanya Layer magudanar ruwa
An sanya seeding innabi a cikin rami a hankali, kamar yadda matasa Tushen ke iya karyawa cikin sauƙi. Ramin an rufe shi da ƙasa mai dausayi, ta cika, an kafa hutu don ban ruwa, an zuba buhu 2 na ruwa a ciki.
Dasa inabi a cikin bazara - bidiyo
Doka don girma inabi Rizamat
Rizamat ba fassarar bayanai bane, akasin haka, yana buƙatar kulawa ta dace koyaushe. Rashin ruwa, ingantaccen kulawa da nauyi mai yawa yana haifar da faduwa na berries da peeling.
Trimming da siffar daji
Ofaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da suka wajaba don haɓaka daji mai kyau shine yake yin shukar. Itace ingantacciya na samar da iska ta daji da rage haɗarin cututtukan fungal. Pruned vines a cikin bazara da kaka. Wani fasali na Rizamat shine ƙarancin ɗan itacen ocelli; don haka, don samun amfanin gona mai kyau, ana buƙatar datti mai yawa (10-15 ocelli).
Kada ku yi obalodi: Rizamat ba ta son ta. Jimlar nauyin da ke kan daji ya kamata ya kasance idanu 35-40.
The fi na harbe ba za a pinched, in ba haka ba barci buds na iya farka da girbi na shekara na gaba zai shuɗe. Stepsons tsunkule kan 1-2 zanen gado.
Rizamat yana buƙatar haɓaka mai girma. zaɓuɓɓukan da suka fi dacewa sune arch, babban trellis tare da visor ko warp (tsarin trellis kwance).
Taimakawa ga inabi - hoto
- A trellis tare da mai ba da izini yana ba da izinin samuwar tsayi, busasshen bushes
- Arches ya dace da samuwar 'ya'yan inabi girma a kusa da gidan
- Voish wani tsari ne na kwance a kan tudu wanda aka girbe '' kuran '' innabi
Kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa za'a iya cire vines cikin sauƙi daga kayan tallafi don tsari don hunturu.
A cikin kaka, da vines suna pruned, cire unripe ɓangare na harbe da thickening twigs. Sa'an nan kuma an kwance jerin kurangar daga kayan tallafi, a hankali an shimfiɗa su a ƙasa, an ɗaura su a ciki kuma an nannade su da kayan rufi. Rizamat mai zafi-mai ƙauna bazai da isasshen fim kadai, saboda haka ya fi kyau a rufe shi da yawa: yadudduka, fim da wani yanki na duniya.
An lulluɓe shi a cikin tsare ko murhun mai, an yayyafa inabi a tarnaƙi tare da duniya
Watering da ciyar
Rizamat yana son danshi, ana buƙatar shayar da shi sau 4-5 a kowace kakar: a farkon farawar toho, a farkon farawar fure, a lokacin haɓakar kwai, bayan girbi. Wadannan ban ruwa ne da za'ayi a cikin farashin 40-50 lita a cikin kowane daji daji, zauna ruwa. Yana da kyau a samar da ruwa zuwa huhun ban ruwa tare da zurfin 20-25 cm, wanda aka aza a nesa na 0.5-0.7 m daga tushe. Idan za ta yiwu, zai fi kyau a yi amfani da tsarin ban ruwa na ruwa, a wadata ruwa a koyaushe a kananan rabo.
Idan yanayin ya bushe a cikin bazara, a ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba, ana yin ban ruwa a cikin adadin lita 150-200 a kowane daji don cajin ƙasa tare da danshi: wannan yana inganta yanayin hunturu na tushen saiti.
Yana da kyawawa don haɗi saman miya tare da ruwa. Ana aiwatar da ciyarwa ta farko tare da nitrogen 6-7 kwanaki kafin fure. Ana samun ƙwayoyin Nitrogen a cikin wadatattun yawa a cikin takin gargajiya. Don ɗan ƙaramin daji 1 na inabõbi, ya isa zuwa asali 2-2.5 kilogiram na taki ko 50-55 g na ɗigon kaza a guga na ruwa. Kuna iya amfani da takin ma'adinai - 60-65 g na nitrophosphate da 5 g na boric acid ta 10 l na ruwa.
Ana yin sutura ta biyu ta kwana goma sha biyu (12-15) kafin haihuwar 'ya'yan itace. Ana samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa ta hanyar potassium, saboda haka 10 g na magnesia na potassium yana narkewa a cikin guga na ruwa don ciyarwa. Zaka iya ƙara 20 g na nitonium nitrate. Ciyarwa ta uku ana aiwatar da kwanaki 8-10 bayan na biyu, tare da taki iri ɗaya.
Ciyar da inabi - bidiyo
Ana yin riguna na huɗu na sati 2 kafin a girbe tare da superphosphate da potassium sulfate (20 g kowace).
Inabi ma yana da amfani kayan miya foliar, gami da abubuwan da aka gano. Wasu masu giya suna ba da shawarar cakuda iodine, sulfate tag, jiko na itace ash da boric acid. Fesa tare da irin wannan abun da ke ciki yana taimakawa ba kawai saturate shuka tare da abubuwan gina jiki ba, amma yana kare shi daga cututtukan fungal.
Kwaro da kariya daga cuta
Rizamat yana da tsayayyen tsayayya da cututtukan fungal - mildew da oidium. Don hana wadannan cututtukan, da farko ya zama dole don tabbatar da samun iska mai kyau na daji, cire harbe mai bushe da ganyayyaki. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a yi amfani da hanyoyin kariya tare da fungicides (alal misali, Dnok) sau 5-7 a kowace kakar.
Sarrafa itacen innabi Oidium - bidiyo
Kuna iya shirya kayan aiki don sarrafawa tare da hannuwanku: an shirya broth ISO daga lemun tsami da sulfur. Gurasar ƙasa ko ƙwayar sulfur, ruwan lemun tsami da ruwa (2: 1: 17 rabo) an haɗe shi kuma an dafa shi na minti 60 akan zafi kadan, ƙara ruwa zuwa farkon sautin. Magani mai shirya, wanda aka dafa cikin kwalabe, za'a iya adana shi na dogon lokaci. ISO yana ba da sakamako mai kyau a cikin yaƙi da cututtukan fungal kuma yana da hadari ga dabbobi masu jin daɗi.
Daga wasps da tsuntsaye, an rufe inabi da raga ko a ɗaure kowane goga tare da jakar gauze.
Girbi, adanawa da amfanin gona
Girbi Rizamata a yankuna daban-daban na girma a lokuta daban-daban (daga ƙarshen watan Agusta zuwa ƙarnin ƙarshe na Satumba). Da farko dai, gogewa ya kasance a ƙarshen harbe har sai ya girma, sannan ya kusan zuwa gindin daji.
Don amfani da tebur, kuna buƙatar yanka inabi da aka matse nan da nan, kuna guje wa wuce gona da iri a cikin bushes. Don yin yankan, a akasin wannan, ana bada shawara don barin inabi cikakke rataye don wani makonni 2-3. Raisam raisins suna da inganci sosai, masu daɗi kuma suna da kyau sosai.
Rizamat yana fitar da tsinke mai tsayi da mai daɗi
Kuna iya adon 'ya'yan inabi masu tsami a cikin ɗaki mai sanyi ko firiji na kimanin makonni biyu.
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Ina da bushes 8 na Rizamat a cikin gonar inabin.The iri ne mai karimci wanda yake jayayya kuma ana iya shawo kan cututtuka Amma ina zan sami mummunan fashewa a cikin ruwan sama? Babu shakka, idan na sami damar kawar da motsin zuciyar kirki kafin ruwan sama, ba ni da lokaci bayan ruwan sama mai ƙarfi na farko,% 60-70 berries cikin farin ciki, suna murmushi ga mai shi a cike bakin (fashewa). Fashewa nan da nan sun zama m. Tunanina iri ne don yanayin bushewa, ba tare da banbancin danshi ba lokacin tarawa. Yanzu ina neman wanda zai maye gurbin wannan nau'in, Zan bar daji 1 don tarin.
IgorF, yankin Volgograd//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=241324
My Rizamat kuma ya fashe bayan ruwan sama na farko (ruwan sama). Duk lokacin bazara babu ruwan sama, kuma lokacin da ruwan sama na farko ya faɗi, Rizamat ta fashe duka ((Da kyau, aƙalla mun sami nasarar yanke bulo ɗaya lokacin da na je wurin kakanin Allah a ƙauyen. Rizamat ya yi ban sha'awa!
Vadim daga Rostov//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=241324
Daga nawa, zuwa yanzu kadan gwaninta ne, Rizamat yayi fure a cikin shekara ta 2 bayan haila 10. A baya can, ta yanke yanka (ya fi guntu) kuma bai yi 'ya'ya ba. A bara na karanta cewa ana buƙatar dogon goge - kuma duk abin da ya inganta. Jinjina yana da hannaye masu tsayi da yawa, mijina na jan shi a saman rufin gidan wanka domin kare kansa daga rana, harbe yayan itace suna farawa ne bayan mita 1.5 na hannayen riga kuma sunada tsawo (barin 12-14 buds). Ya (Rizamat) ya so wannan. Na yi sanyi ba tare da mafaka ba (irin wannan tsayin ba abu ne mai wahala a kwance ba kuma a rufe kullun), kawai na kwance komai sannan na watsar da shi ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bango na kankare. Babu daskarewa, duk vines ta farka. Ripened bara to Satumba 20-25. Fashe 2 berries akan 5 goge. Babu wani laushi na ɓangaren litattafan almara. Jin dadi sosai! Juicy da crispy! Kuma wannan kyakkyawa !!!!
Elena Bocharova, Kazakhstan//lozavrn.ru/index.php?topic=412.60
“Rizamat” yayi girma a gazebo na, kuma kamar yadda Valery Dmitriyevich daga Belorechensk ya fada, yana kunshe da kofofin ban ruwa tare da kaho. A kowane ƙaho - ƙaho guda mai ba da ƙarfi, sauran sun fashe. Matakai suna kwance, suna barin takarda ɗaya. Ba na tsunkule harbe. Yankuna suna nesa da 35 - 40cm daga juna. Yanayinmu yanayi ne sosai. A cikin hunturu, zuwa -35, kuma a lokacin rani, zazzabi na iya kaiwa +50 tare da wutsiya. Saboda haka, dangane da yawan zafin jiki, sai na fara shayarwa. "Rizamat" yana farfadowa ba tare da ɗaya ba. Na farko a kan faɗin, sannan kuma a tsakiyar daji. Kuma karamin ban ruwa ba ya shafar sosai ripening na berries a kan site. Wannan ya shafi ba kawai ga “Rizamat” ba, har ma ga wasu nau'ikan.
Selchanin, Yankin Rostov//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=68440
da siffar Berry iya bambanta daga m zuwa m-elongated. Fiye da sau ɗaya dole ne in ga ɗayan kuma ɗayan a kan daji guda. Amma game da balaga, akwai wasu dalilai masu yawa waɗanda ke canza wannan mai nuna alama a cikin shugabanci ɗaya. A cikin yankinmu, gungu na farko sun fara yankan daga Agusta 15-20. A bayyane yake cewa yanayin a wannan lokacin ba shine mafi kyau ba, amma kasuwa ta tsara yanayin kanta. A kan kyakkyawa, kafin farkon Satumba - mafi CEWA !!! (idan rayayyun kwari da bakuna basa gamawa)
S. Sergey. A., Zaporizhzhya yankin.//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=68440
Inabi na Rizamat zai buƙaci ɗan ƙoƙari daga wurin mai shi don samun amfanin gona mai kyau. Amma tare da ingantacciyar fasahar aikin gona, yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin amfanin gona ya wuce sauran, marassa galihu.
