Melon zai iya zama daban-daban fungal, na kwayan cuta da cututtuka, wanda zai haifar da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da 'ya'yan itace. Dabbobi iri-iri da suke cin abinci a kan wannan shuka kuma suna haifar da cutar da shi. Saboda haka, sanin game da su wajibi ne. A yau muna duban cututtuka da yawa na melons da kuma yadda za mu bi da su, da kuma magana game da kwari na melons da yadda za a magance su.
Melon cututtuka, hanyoyin da magani
Melon cututtuka a greenhouses da a bude filin - wani babbar adadin. Tsire-tsire daga cikinsu sun bushe, ba mummunan girbi, ko kuma kawai mutu. Sakamakon kamuwa da cuta shine tsaba, tsire-tsire na shuka, ƙasa, weeds. Kuma don hana cututtuka da kuma rashin hasara, dole ne a bi da tsire-tsire ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyi masu dacewa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Babban likita Avicenna ya yi amfani da shi wajen maganin sanyi da kuma gout a cikin marasa lafiya da kuma bishiyoyin da ba shi da lafiya.
Anthracnose
Melon ganye an rufe shi da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan hoda, wanda bayan wani lokaci kara girman. A wuraren da aka shafa, an kafa ramuka, ganye da kuma bushe. Tsire-tsire masu ciwo da tsire-tsire sun zama na bakin ciki da ƙuƙwalwa. Maganar rashin lafiya suna da nakasa kuma suna da sauri.
Sabõda haka, melons ba cutar da anthracnose, ya wajaba don cire albarkatun amfanin gona daga gadaje a lokaci, adadin tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, sassaƙa ƙasa, dasa shuki na melons tare da ruwa mai ruwa 1% ko pollinate tare da sulfur foda.
Yana da muhimmanci! Irin wannan magani yana buƙatar guda uku zuwa hudu, tare da wani lokaci na 10-12 days.
Melon ascohitoz
Fungal, mafi cututtukan cututtuka a cikin shan kashi na tushen kankana. A farkon, spots masu kyan gani tare da maki masu yawa (pycnidia) sun bayyana, wanda ya ƙara haɓaka kuma ya rufe dukan ƙananan wuyansa. Haka kuma cutar ta haifar da mummunan albarkatu da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Haka kuma cututtuka na iya shafar ganye, mai tushe da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Nau'in kwayar cutar ya zama mai taushi, baƙar fata, sannan ya bushe. Abinda ya shafi ya yi duhu kuma ya karya. Za'a iya adana naman gwari akan sharan gona don shekaru biyu.
Ana cutar da cutar ta hanyar wuce haddi na iska da zafi da ƙasa da ƙananan zafin jiki. Matakan sarrafawa: zurfin lokacin girbin kaka, gyaran gona mai kyau, kaucewa sharan gona, gyaran gyaran ƙasa, tsabtataccen sassa na tsire-tsire, yin furanni tare da takin mai magani, wanda ke kula da tsire-tsire da ruwa Bordeaux.
White spot (septoriosis)
Wannan mummunan cutar ne wanda zane-zane na fari ya bayyana a kan shuka. Sassan tsakiya na spots sunyi duhu bayan da aka samar da naman gwari.
Haka kuma cututtuka yana jin dadin ruwan sama. Ana iya adana ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na dogon lokaci a cikin ƙasa, a kan tsaba da tsire-tsire. Matakan sarrafawa: tsayar da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire (25-30 cm).
Tushen tushen
Mafi rinjaye da wannan cuta suna raunana kankana shuke-shuke. Tushen da kuma mai tushe na matasa shuke-shuke zama launin ruwan kasa kuma ƙarshe bakin ciki fita. A ƙarshe, cotyledons da ganye fade da shuka ya mutu. Ganye na adult melons juya launin rawaya da fade. Tushen da ƙananan ɓangaren mai tushe ya zama launin ruwan kasa.
Matakan sarrafawa: gyare-gyaren gona, kau da weeds, mai da hankali kan ƙasa, watering dace, disinfection na tsaba kafin dasa su a 40% formalin na minti biyar.
Kokwamba Mosaic
Wannan ƙwayar cuta ce mai nau'i. Melon cutar bayyanar cututtuka: launin kore-rawaya mosaic spots a kan matasa shuke-shuke, twisted da kuma maras kyau ganye, tubercles da bulges tsakanin veins, wanda ya ba da ganye a bayyanar da rassan bayyanar, tsohon ganye mutu a kashe, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari fada a kan shuka, da warty surface' ya'yan itãcen marmari, shuke-shuke rage gudu a girma, fasa bisa ga stalks.
Kwayar za a iya adana a kan tushen weeds da kuma daukar kwayar cutar zuwa wasu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na gourd aphid. An yi amfani da kwayar cutar ta hanyar daukar kwayar cutar.
Matakan sarrafawa: Tsayar da tsire-tsire iri iri, dumi tsaba kafin shuka, lalata shuke-shuke da cututtuka, aiwatar da aljihunan da wukake wanda suke yanke da tsire-tsire tare da bayani na potassium permanganate (5%), cire weeds, kuma kuyi fada tare da gourd aphids.
Mealy dew
Watakila daya daga cikin cututtuka da yawa na kayan naman melon shine powdery mildew. Ana sanya furen ganyayyaki da ganyen melons da ƙananan launin fata (har zuwa 1 cm), amma a tsawon lokaci zasu iya rufe dukkanin farantin launin fata. Ganye ya zama launin ruwan kasa a launi, ya zama brittle, curl da bushe.
Matakan sarrafawa: Rushewar duk tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire, gyaran gona mai kyau da kuma aiki na dasa shuki na melons tare da 80% sulfur foda a farkon bayyanar cutar (ta 100 sq m m 400 g) tare da wani lokaci na kwana goma, kuma magani na ƙarshe ana gudanar da kwanaki ashirin kafin girbi .
Downy mildew (perinospora)
Wannan mummunar cuta ne na melons, wanda sau da yawa yana rinjayar ganyen shuka a wani wuri na farko. Sun bayyana siffofin launin rawaya-kore, wanda tsawon lokaci ya karu da girman. A gefen ɓangaren ganye, a matsanancin zafi, an kafa fure mai launin toka-launin fure (naman gwari).
Tsanani: decontamination na guna tsaba kafin shuka. Don yin wannan, dumi su a cikin wani thermos tare da ruwa (45 digiri) na sa'o'i biyu. Hakanan zaka iya yin maganin iri tare da bayani na 1% na potassium permanganate, ya sa su a cikin bayani don minti ashirin.
Za a iya yaduwa tare da abin da ake shafa a kan melons wani bayani na urea (ta 1 lita na ruwa 1 g), 1% Bordeaux cakuda (1 l a 10 sq m.) Tsire-tsire suna bi da su tare da Topaz da Oxyh da wani lokaci na kwanaki goma.
Gilashin gira
Wannan cututtuka ne da ke ƙaunar ruwan sanyi da yanayin sanyi. Matasan yara na melons za su zama ruwa, da sauri a rufe su da baƙar fata na ƙwayoyin naman gwari.
Naman gwari ya zauna a cikin ƙasa tsawon shekaru biyu. Haka kuma cutar tana tasowa sosai a zafin jiki na + 15 ° C. Lokacin da yake warke waje, cutar ta ragu.
Tsanani: Cikin sako da kyau, duba da kuma cire cutar mai tushe da ganye, ruwa da tsire-tsire ne kawai bayan cire duk mai tushe, ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Fesa tare da bayani mai zuwa: da lita 10 na ruwa 1 g da tutiya sulfate, 10 g da urea, 2 g na jan karfe sulfate.
Fusarium za
Cutar cutar, wanda ke shafar matsakaici da magunguna irin na melons, rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma rage yawan 'ya'yan itace. Magunguna tare da tsummaran 'ya'yan itatuwa na melons su ne sukanancin sukari, wadanda ba su da kyau kuma suna da kyau kuma suna ajiyayyu.
Haka kuma cutar ta nuna kanta bayan da biyu ko uku na gaskiya ganye bayyana a kan seedlings, da kuma lokacin da 'ya'yan itatuwa ripen. Tsire-tsire suna fade da sauri, kuma ganye suna haskakawa kuma an rufe su da launin toka. Kwayoyin cututtuka sun mutu bayan kwanaki 7-10.
Tsanani: biye da sharuɗɗan gyaran gona, cire tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, weeds, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, tsire ƙasa cikin kaka, disinfect tsaba kafin shuka a 40% formalin bayani na minti biyar, girma melons a babban gadaje, fesa su da potassium chloride bayani .
Abin sha'awa Tsohon Masarawa sun shiga gonar melons a farkon 2000 BC. Melon an dauke shi alama ce ta rayuwa, haihuwa da alatu.
Kwaro na melons, yadda za a magance su
Babu ƙananan cutar fiye da cutar, melons kawo da dama kwari. Wajibi ne don halakar da su a daidai lokacin.
Gourd Aphid
Yana da tsotse kwari na kore, rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Gourd aphid zai iya samar da kimanin shekaru ashirin na rayuwa a cikin larvae a kowace kakar.
Wadannan kwari na melons suna zaune a gefen ganye, sun yada a kan dukkanin farfajiya kuma suna shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganye. Tsire-tsire da ke gwanin gunawa suna nuna launin rawaya, suna juyawa da bushe. Don kiyaye aphids a matsayin karami kamar yadda zai yiwu, tsaftace guna daga weeds a lokaci.
Melon tashi
Wannan shi ne babban makiyi na gwangwani na melon. Zai iya shafi har zuwa 50% kuma mafi yawan amfanin gona. Gwaran Melon suna tsira da hunturu, kasancewa a cikin tsalle-tsalle, a zurfin 15 centimeters.
Gwaji na farko na ƙwan zuma ya bayyana a farkon watan Yuni. Flies suna sa qwai a cikin jiki na 'ya'yan itace, kuma a cikin guna siffar larvae, wanda ake siffar ta jiki. A sakamakon haka, 'ya'yan itacen yayi sauri sosai.
Yana da muhimmanci! Zaka iya gano kwayar cutar ta hanyar ramuka a cikin fata na kankana, wanda shine launin ruwan kasa a launi.A yau, babu wasu nau'o'in melons masu yaduwa don gwangwani. Don hana Za a iya amfani da gonar Melon tare da bayani mai "Rapier" (lita biyu na bayani a kowace hectare) ko "Zenith" (250 ml).
Ana shuka shuki da sau biyu a kowace kakar: a lokacin bayyanar ganye na farko da kuma tsawon lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi. Wadannan magungunan sun dace da halakar kwari masu kwari. Don halakar da larvae dama bayan sun tattara cikakke mai, ana shuka dukan 'ya'yan itatuwa marasa' ya'yan itace tare da ƙasa.
Gizo-gizo mite
Waɗannan su ne ƙananan amma sosai hatsari kwari na melons. Yellow ko rawaya kore a lokacin rani da ja ko orange rawaya a kaka. Tsarukan gizo-gizo na tsuntsaye sun rabu da ƙasa a cikin ƙasa da aka fadi, a kan ganye da weeds.
Gizo-gizo gizo-gizo suna zaune a kan gindin ganye, a kan buds, ovaries da matasa. Suna shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga tsire-tsire, bayan da sassa na shuka suka juya launin rawaya ko ja, sannan kuma injin ya mutu.
Yakin gizo-gizo kamar yadda ya kamata: kafin shuka tsaba, kuyi ƙasa tare da bugun jini, lokacin da ganye na farko ya bayyana a kan sprouts, yayyafa su da BI-58 ko Fitoverm, tattara su kuma halakar da sharan gona, yin girbi na kaka, albarkatun gona dabam dabam da halakar weeds.
Wireworm
Ginin na melons za a iya kai hari ta ainihin (larvae na danna beetles) da kuma bazali (caterpillars na duhu-browed kwari) wireworms, wanda ta hanyar ɓoye sassa na mai tushe, bi da bi, shuke-shuke matasa suna mutuwa. Wajibi ne don cire sharan gona da weeds a lokaci mai dacewa, tun da yake a cikin su cewa wireworms tara.
Gnawing scoops
Cikakken Caterpillars zasu iya zama a cikin ƙasa ko a kanta. Suna lalata ƙwayoyin melons, wanda yawanci yakan kai ga mutuwar shuka.
Don yin yaki tare da sauti, kuna buƙatar cire weeds da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, tono sama da ƙasa mai zurfi a cikin fall, bi ka'idojin juyawa, da kuma amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi Arrivo, wanda ke lalatar da tsumbura, don shayar da tsire-tsire na kwanaki ashirin.
Shin kuna sani? Melon a Japan ya ba kyauta kyauta.
Don samun karfin gwaninta mai kyau na melons, wajibi ne don rabu da cututtukan su a dace da kuma halakar da kwari.
