Berriesan itacen wuta a cikin lambu na Rasha har yanzu al'ada ce mai kyau. Amma sannu a hankali yana samun shahara, saboda berries ba kawai dadi bane, har ma da amfani sosai. Kuma kimanin shekaru goma da suka wuce, ban da nau'ikan da suka saba, girke-girken girke-girke ya bayyana, yana ba ku damar ɗaukar albarkatu biyu a kowace kakar. Akwai nau'ikan sanyi mai iya jure sanyi wadanda suke da ikon iya sauya yanayin canjin tsakiyar Rasha da tsayayyen 'ya'yan itace a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi.
Ta yaya ne gyaran blackberry ya bambanta da na al'ada
Gyara blackberry shine ɗayan nasarorin da aka samu na kwanan baya. Sabili da haka, har yanzu ba a san shi sosai ba, har ma a gida. Nau'in na farko ya bayyana ne kawai a tsakiyar farkon ƙarnin farko na karni na XXI. Ana samun saurin shahara cikin sauri, gami da tsakanin lambu daga tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet.
Da farko kallo, gyaran blackberry bai bambanta da irin talakawa ba
Babban bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan gyaran daga wanda aka saba shine ikon asali bisa ga ikon kawo amfanin gona guda biyu a kowace kakar a yanayin damina da yanayin yanayi (yankin tsakiya da kuma kudu ta Rasha, da kuma dukkan Ukraine). Farkon tashin fruiting yana farawa a tsakiyar watan Yuni, na biyu - a cikin kwanakin ƙarshe na Satumba. Idan kun bi tsarin haɓakar shekara-shekara na gyaran blackberry, fruiting zai faru a watan Agusta-Oktoba. Na farko, da berries sun girma akan harbe na bara (idan an barsu), to, a kan annuals.
Harbe da aka dasa blackberry ana cika su da zahiri.
Zai dace a duba batun gyaran baƙar fata a tsakiyar Rasha. Irin waɗannan nau'ikan suna kuma mai daraja ga gaskiyar cewa shirya su don hunturu abu ne mai sauqi. Mafi sau da yawa, gaba ɗaya dukkanin harbe an datse su zuwa gajerun "kututture". Don haka, ana rage girman hadarin daskarewa da sashi na daji. Amma harbe ne na blackberry na talakawa sune mafi rauni, wanda ke wahala ba kawai daga yanayin sanyi ba, har ma daga mice, hares da wasu sanduna (har ma da ƙaya).
Yanayin da ake ciki a Rasha ba a iya faɗi irinsa, kuma yanayin zafi a cikin bazara ba ta zama ta saba ba. Ba a ba da garantin gyaran baƙar fata ba ta hanyar sanyi dawo da lokacin bazara a yankin tsakiyar Rasha ba.
Wadannan nau'ikan ma suna da wasu fa'idodi:
- An gwada berries na farko a cikin shekarar dasa shuki a cikin seedling a cikin ƙasa, a watan Agusta. A lokaci guda, babu lokacin da aka rasa don girma sababbin harbe. Yankin da aka girma a lokacin bazara za a iya yanke shi don hunturu kuma a rufe tushen da kayan da ba a saka ba ko kuma lokacin farin ciki, 10-15 cm, Layer ciyawa. A wannan yanayin, shekara mai zuwa amfanin gona zai kasance ne kawai a kan harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara. Berries zai kasance daga farkon watan Agusta har zuwa lokacin sanyi.
- Tare da wasu kulawa, zaku iya samun amfanin gona biyu a shekara. Don haka idan kuna son samun matsakaicin yiwuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa daga bushes, to, a ƙarshen kaka, harbe da aka girma a lokacin bazara suna buƙatar yin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma an rufe shi don hunturu tare da shimfiɗa biyu ko uku na rufe farin kayan, alal misali, lutrasil ko spandex. Ta wannan hanyar namo a watan Yuni, shekarar da ta gabata ta fruiting, overwintered harbe zasu fara bada 'ya'ya, kuma daga rabin rabin bazara, harbe na shekarar da muke ciki.
- Rage yawan kokarin da aka kashe kan yakar cututtuka da kwari. Yawancin kwari, qwai da larvae, hunturu spores hunturu a ƙarƙashin haushi ko a cikin itace. Idan an yanke harbe-harbe na hunturu, kwari suna rasa matsugunansu na yau da kullun, wanda ke ba su damar barin jiyya na rigakafi tare da sunadarai - ƙwayoyin kwari da magungunan asalin halitta na iya yin tasiri sosai ga amfanin amfanin gona. Amma kowa da kowa yana son cin berries mara tsabta.
- Neman daukaka a waje. Kowane irin gyaran blackberry kusan a ko'ina cikin kakar fure tare da manyan furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara tare da ƙanshin ban mamaki, wanda ya kai 6-9 mm a diamita. Sau da yawa, fure yana tsayawa kawai tare da sanyi na farko. Irin wannan daji yana ƙawata lambun a duk lokacin bazara kuma yana jan hankalin kwari, wanda yake da amfani ga wasu tsirrai.
- Karamin daji. Gyaran baƙar fata ba “mai rarrafe” a gonar ba. Ana yin harbe harbe a tsaye zuwa sama. Tsawonsu ya zama matsakaici - ba fiye da 2 m ba, wanda ke sauƙaƙe kulawar daji da girbi. Bugu da kari, karfin daji yana ba ku damar dasa blackberry gyara a cikin manyan baho, bokiti da sauran kwantena da suka dace da girma. Tare da farko na sanyi yanayi, za su iya a koma wani mai tsanani greenhouse, zuwa glazed loggia ko veranda, game da haka tsawaita lokacin fruiting.
Gyara blackberry yana ba da babban girbi kamar yadda farkon shekarar shuka
Tabbas, blackberry ɗin gyara yana da wasu rashin nasara:
- Bukatar a kai a kai ruwa plantings. Repaarfafa itacen blackberry tana da mummunar illa har zuwa gajerun bushewa na substrate, kodayake tsarin sa yana shiga zurfi a cikin ƙasa fiye da raspberries. Kuna iya samun amfanin gona mai yawa kawai idan kun kiyaye shi koyaushe a cikin yanayin ɗan rigar. Yin sauri zuwa wancan matsanancin, juya gonar zuwa fadama, an ba da shawarar sosai.
- Bukatar gina trellis don tallafi. Tunda gyaran blackberry ana saninsa da yawan aiki, kuma harbe-zangar shekara-shekara suna da bakin ciki, a karkashin nauyin 'ya'yan itacen da suke kwanciya a kai a kai, kuma berries din na da datti. Tapestry zai guje wa wannan.
- A gaban da yawa kaifi spikes. Amma, a ƙarshe, ana iya amfani da safofin hannu lokacin tattara. Bugu da kari, zabin bai tsaya cik ba, kuma nau'ikan farkon nau'ikan blackberries gyarawa sun riga sun bayyana.
- Rashin iya rarrabe da berries daga mazaunin. Koyaya, wannan sifa ce ta halayyar ɗan adam. Amma 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da tabbaci a kan daji, har ma cikakke.
Waɗanda ba sa yin rayuwa na dindindin a gonar na iya amfani da ciyawa (bambaro, ciyawar da aka yanyanzu, ɗanɗano, humus, ƙwararrun peat). Zai taimaka ba kawai riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa ba, har ma ya adana lokaci a kan shuka.
Hesoshin gyaran blackberry suna buƙatar tallafi, saboda kuna buƙatar samar da wuri a gaba
Ayyukan girma blackberries gyara a cikin lambu Russia har yanzu yana da iyaka, amma na farko karshe sun bayyana. Babban shine ɗayan raƙuman ruwa biyu na fruiting za'a iya ba da sadaka don fifita amfanin da ake samu. Duk daya ne, yanayin a kusan duka ƙasar Rasha (ban da na yankuna na kudu da ke cikin subtropics) irin wannan ne a cikin kaka da berries ba sa yaɗu saboda rashin zafi da hasken rana. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku iya jin daɗin baƙar fata ba, amma igiyar ruwa ta biyu za ta motsa zuwa ƙarshen bazara saboda wannan.
A Rasha, yankuna na kudu ne kawai ke bada izinin tattara amfanin gona biyu daga gyaran blackberry. A cikin wasu yanayin yanayi, don samun irin wannan sakamakon, ya fi kyau a dasa daji a cikin greenhouse.
Saboda haka, a cikin shiri don hunturu, duk blackberry harbe ya kamata a yanka don haka shekara mai zuwa an tabbatar da karɓar girbi mai yawa akan harbe matasa. Tasteanɗar da damina na kaka ba ta da muni ko kaɗan, amma akwai haɗarin gaske cewa za su iya faɗowa a ƙarƙashin sanyi na farko na kaka.
Yadda za a sayo ɗan itacen blackberry mai gyara
Kamar yawancin amfanin gona na lambu, blackberry na gyara yana godiya da dumin dumi. Rashin ingancinsa na damun ingancin berries. Amma ko da a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye, al'ada ba ta jin dadi sosai. Nemi yankin nata dake cikin inuwa mai haske.
Yin gyaran blackberry shine thermophilic, amma a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye yana jin mara kyau
Tare da dasa shuki a kai-tsaye na da yawa bushes, 0.7-0.8 m ya kamata a bar a tsakãninsu, kuma kamar sau biyu kamar yadda tsakanin layuka. Irin wannan nesa babba wajibi ne don sanya trellis. Ana tura tallafin a tsakankanin bushes, wanda akan jawo waya na bakin ciki ko igiya a cikin layuka da yawa a layi daya a ƙasa mai tsayin kusan 40 cm, 80 cm da cm 120. Harbe yana daure da ita. Irin wannan daji ya fi ko'ina lit da rana, da berries samun isasshen zafi da kuma ripen sauri. Dole ne ku kula da trellis a gaba. Idan kun fitar da goyon bayan to bushes, yana da matukar sauƙin lalata Tushen.
Yawancin nau'ikan gyaran blackberries suna da ƙarancin kai kuma basa buƙatar pollinators don yawan 'ya'yan itace, amma aikin yana nuna cewa guguwar pollination tana da tasiri sosai game da yawan amfanin ƙasa da ɗanɗano na berries. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a fara farawa sau biyu 2-3.
Hanya mai taushi mai laushi wanda yasa aka kare bushes daga tsananin zafin iskar arewa da yamma ya dace da dasawa. Mafi kyawun lokacin don saukowa shine ƙarshen watan Afrilu ko farkon shekarun Mayu. An shirya rami saukowa kimanin wata guda kafin aiwatar da samarwa. Babu buƙatar yin zurfin yin shi, 55-60 cm zai isa.Da diamita yakamata ya zama iri ɗaya. Kyakkyawan ƙasa don gyaran blackberry haske ne, ba mai gina jiki sosai (loamy ko yashi loam).
Tushen tushe a cikin blackberries ya fi ci gaba fiye da a cikin raspberries, don haka rami saukowa don ya kamata ya zama mai zurfi
Wannan al'ada ba ta son ƙasan alkaline. Bushes yakan sha wahala daga chlorosis na ganye. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne don tantance ma'aunin acid-gaba a gaba kuma, idan ya cancanta, "acidify" ma'adanin tare da taimakon colloidal sulfur, moss-sphagnum, needles pain, fresh sawdust of conifers or acetic acid. Mafi kyawun pH shine 6.0-6.6.
Pine needles - magani na zahiri wanda zai baka damar kawo daidaiton-acid na kasar gona
Of takin mai magani, gyaran blackberry ya fi son kwayoyin halitta na halitta, don haka ciyawar da aka girka daga ramin dasawa ta gauraye da lita 25-40 na humus ko takin da aka dafa da kuma lita mai na itacen ash. Duk waɗannan an zubar da su zuwa ƙasa, suna rufe ramin wani abu mara ruwa.
Wood ash - asalin halitta asalin potassium da phosphorus don tsire-tsire na gaba
Ya kamata a sayi lingsalingsan kawai a wuraren adana masu aminci ko kantuna na musamman. Lokacin sayen lokacin gaskiya ko tare da hannuwanku babu garantin cewa zaku sami daidaitattun nau'ikan da kuke buƙata, kuma gabaɗaya shine blackberry na gyara. Yana da kyawawa cewa seedlings suna da tushen tushen tsarin - tsire-tsire da aka dasa a cikin ƙasa tare da dunƙule na tsohuwar ƙasa zai iya yin haƙuri da wannan "damuwa". Kuna buƙatar zaɓar seedling shekara ɗaya ko biyu. Ya ƙunshi rassa ɗaya ko da yawa tare da tsayinsa game da 0.5 m da kauri daga mm mm 4-6. Kasancewar kafa haɓakar koda da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mai ɓoyewa (idan ana iya gani) wajibi ne.
Babban hankali lokacin zabar seedling na gyaran gyaran blackberry ya kamata a biya shi zuwa tsarin tushen da kuma jihar haushi
Hanyar dasa shuki seedling kanta tayi kamar haka:
- Idan sun kasance a bude, jiƙa tushen tushen seedlings na 20-24 hours a cikin ruwa a dakin da zazzabi ko a cikin wani bayani da biostimulant (Epin, Heteroauxin, potassium humate). Hakanan yana da amfani don ƙara ɗan ƙaramin potassium na daskararru (don tsagewa).
- Daidaita ruwa a kasar gona a cikin rami na dasa. Bari ruwa ya jiƙa.
- Sanya seedling a kan tudun ƙasa a ƙasan ramin. Miƙe tushen don a karkatar da su zuwa ga bangarorin.
- A cikin kananan ramuka, cika ramin da ƙasa, lokaci-lokaci a hankali ana murƙushe shi daga gefen ramin zuwa tsakiyar shi. Tushen tushe yakamata ya zama zurfin zurfafa na 3-4 cm a cikin ƙasa. A ƙarshe, ramin zai zama m (2-3 cm) m. Wannan saitin yana taimakawa wajen adana ruwa yayin ban ruwa.
- Jira danshi don sha. Mulch a cikin akwati mai zagaye tare da diamita na 30-40 cm tare da ciyawa da aka yanke, ciyawar peat ko humus. Rage dukkanin harbe da suke akwai tazarar rabin, zuwa tsawon 25-30 cm.
- Domin kwanaki 7-10, za a iya jan kayan sutura masu haske a kan dajin don samar musu da karamin inuwa yayin da suke dacewa da sabon wurin zama.
Bayan dasa shuki na gyaran blackberry, babban abinda ba shine yai yawaita shi da ruwa ba. A kasar gona ya kamata dan kadan m
Kyakkyawan magabata na blackberries sune kabeji, karas, beets, radishes, ganye mai yaji da hatsi. Ba a so a shuka shi a inda Solanaceae (tumatir, eggplant, dankali, kararrawa) da kowane bushes bushes girma.
Mahimmancin lamuni na kiyaye blackberry na kulawa
Blackberry an cancanci a yi la'akari da kyawawan al'adun gargajiya. Amma ire-iren gyara suna da nasu fa'idodin wanda ke sauƙaƙa kulawa da su. Wannan yana nuna fifikon farko da shirye-shiryen hunturu.
Tunda daya daga cikin fa'idodin gyaran blackberry shine yawan amfanin sa, yayi saurin “jawo” abubuwan gina jiki daga ƙasa. Sabili da haka, al'ada tana buƙatar ciyarwa na yau da kullun. A lokacin bazara, da zaran kasar ta narke sosai, kasar zata bushe sosai, yana gabatar da humus, tumatir mai lalacewa (10-15 a kowace shuka) da takin mai dauke da takin-ruwa a cikin bushewa (15-20 g). Wannan kashi na macro yana taimakawa wajen gina taro mai yawa, amma bai kamata ka shiga ciki ba. Yawan wuce haddi na rage rigakafin shuka. A wannan yanayin, blackberry na iya kamuwa da launin toka. Bugu da kari, idan duk sojojin daji suka je ganyayyaki, 'ya'yan itatuwa kawai ba zasu wanzu ba.
Carbamide, kamar sauran takin mai magani na nitrogen, ana amfani dashi a karkashin bushes na blackberry kawai lokacin bazara.
Potassium yana da matukar mahimmanci ga 'ya'yan itace saita. Ana amfani da takin da ya dace bayan fure a bushe bushe ko a cikin tsari na mafita (a kowace l 10 na ruwa), ana kashe 30-35 g a kowace shuka. Amma yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa duk wani blackberry baya son chlorine, sabili da haka potassium chloride a matsayin babban miya an ware su sosai.
Idan ana amfani da taki bushe kamar ciyawa, to gyaran blackberry baya buƙatar ƙarin tushen phosphorus. In ba haka ba, sau ɗaya kowace shekara uku, tare da takin mai magani na potassium, ana amfani da superphosphate mai sauƙi (40-50 g a kowane daji) ga ƙasa. Ko ana iya maye gurbinsa da ash na itace (gilashin kowace shekara a lokaci guda).
Dry taki asalin asalin sinadarin phosphorus ne
Hakanan, blackberry na gyaran jiki yana kula da ƙarancin magnesium da baƙin ƙarfe. Kar ku manta game da ciyar da ya dace. A lokacin bazara, sau 2-3 za ku iya fesa bushes tare da maganin kalimagnesii, kuma ƙasa a ƙarƙashinsu tare da maganin baƙin ƙarfe.
Watara don gyaran blackberry hanya ce mai mahimmanci. Yana da mahimmanci a sami tsakiyar tsakiyar anan. Tare da wuce haddi na danshi, da berries zama ruwa da m, Tushen rot, kuma tare da rashin, da girma da girma na daji da aka hana, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari ba unsweetened kuma ba m.
Don kada ƙasa ta bushe sosai da sauri, dole ne a mulched bayan kowane ruwa, jira har sai an ji danshi, ƙirƙirar Layer tare da kauri na aƙalla 5-6 cm.Gajinin ƙwararrun masanan sun bada shawarar dasa shuki sau da yawa a cikin kakar a nesa daga 80-100 cm daga daji a cikin da'irar ko tsakanin layuka, kowane tsire-tsire na siderat, mowing su kamar yadda ya cancanta kuma amfani dashi kamar ciyawa. Af, shi ne mai matukar tasiri, gaba daya takin zamani.
Ruwa da shuka a yalwace, ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance tare da ruwa mai zurfi 50-60 cm. Hanya mafi kyau ita ce yayyafawa, saukar da ruwan sama na halitta, ko ban ruwa na ruwa, wanda ke adana ruwa. Idan bazara ba ta da zafi sosai, sau ɗaya a mako ya isa, a cikin zafi, ana rage takun saka tsakanin hanyoyin zuwa kwanaki 3-4.
Gyara blackberry yana kula sosai da rashi ƙasa
Yin shiri don hunturu don gyaran blackberry hanya ce mai sauqi. Dukkanin harbe da aka samo suna yankan kusan ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu. An tsabtace da'irar gangar jikin ciyawa da sauran tarkace na shuka kuma aka cika su da kauri (10-12 cm) na ciyawa.
Yanke blackberry mai gyara hanya ce mai sauqi, abu mafi mahimmanci shine amfani da kayan kaifi da tsafta
Idan, duk da haka, an yanke shawarar ci gaba da harbe wannan kakar don shekara mai zuwa, an cire su daga trellis, an ɗaura su a cikin piecesan guda kaɗan kuma an tanƙwara a kusa da ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu. Duk waɗannan waɗanda ƙananan alamun cutar suke bayyana, masu kama da halayen ayyukan ƙwayoyin cutarwa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, an yanke su har zuwa girma kuma suna ƙonewa. Sannan an rufe daji da kowane irin abu wanda zai ba iska damar wucewa cikin yadudduka da yawa.Da zaran isasshen dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗi, sai su tono rafin dusar ƙanƙara mai nisan rabin rabin tsayi. A lokacin hunturu, tabbas zai zauna, saboda haka sau 2-3 zai zama dole ne a sabunta tsarin, ya watsar da saman farfajiya na wuya jiko. Kwarewa ya nuna cewa blackberry an lalace sosai da wuya.
A cikin kaka, harbe blackberry suna buƙatar ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu a ƙasa, amma a hankali kawai don kada su karya su
Abin takaici, kowane baƙar fata yana da ɗan gajeren rayuwar shiryayye. A zazzabi a daki, zai kwanta a kalla kwanaki 3-4. A karkashin ingantaccen yanayi (zazzabi 0-2 ºС da zafi iska 85-90%) - ba fiye da makonni uku ba. Sabili da haka, ya fi kyau a ci sabo ne, kamar yadda ake amfani da shi don canning na gida ko kuma cikawa don yin burodi.
Abin takaici, ana adana kowane blackberry na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kwanaki 3-4 kawai ba tare da firiji ba. Amma wannan lokacin ya isa ya sa matsawa daga berries ko gasa da wuri mai daɗi
Bidiyo: tukwici don girma da kulawa da blackberry
Yadda shuka ke yaduwa
Yana da sauƙi a yaduwar blackberry, gami da gyara ɗaya, fiye da sauran busheshen bushes ɗin da aka samu a gonakin lambu. Sabbin bushes suna ɗauka sosai cikin sauƙi. Abin sha'awa, "zuriya" koda lokacin da aka yada shi ta hanyar zuriya suna gaji ire-iren halayen 'yar asalin daji na "iyaye".
Rooting layering
Sake haifuwa ta hanyar sanyawa - wata hanya wacce take dauke daga maigidan ba karamin lokaci da aiki ba. Blackwanƙwasa ƙwayar blackberry mai gyara shine ɗayan ɓangaren kowane harbi ko duka. Tare da wannan haifuwa, an saita reshe ta hanyar haɗa shi zuwa ƙasa tare da ashin gashi ko yanki na waya, kuma an rufe wannan wurin da ƙasa mai amfani. Idan a kai a kai kuma ana shayar da ruwa sosai, tushen da sababbin harbe zasu fito da sauri. Ta hanyar kaka, za a iya raba ɗaukacin daji gaba ɗaya daga mahaifiyar shuka da kuma dasa shi zuwa wurin da aka zaɓa.
Lokacin da aka yada shi ta hanyar shimfiɗa saman, kuna samun daji guda ɗaya kawai, amma yana da iko sosai da haɓaka
Ana maimaita fitar da blackberries tare da kwance kwance a kwance. A wannan yanayin, an sanya duka hoton a cikin rami na musamman (5-6 cm) kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa. Yana ba da dazuzzuka da yawa, amma waɗannan tsire-tsire ba su da ƙarfi da ci gaba kamar yadda a farkon yanayin.
Hanyar tana ba ku damar samun seedlings sau daya a lokaci daya, wanda ya dace da waɗanda ke girma berries na siyarwa
Bidiyo: sabon tsiro na blackberry daga dasawa
Yankan
Don samun kayan dasawa, wani ɗan daji daji yana buƙatar a haƙa shi da hankali tare da asalin sa. An tsabtace su da kyau daga ƙasa kuma waɗanda suke kusan rabin mita tsayi kuma suna da kauri na aƙalla 0.5 cm an zaɓi. Kowane tushe an yanke shi guda 10 cm tsayi. Wannan itace.
Yanke yakamata ya zama tsawon 10-15 cm kuma aƙalla 0.5 cm kauri
Mafi kyawun lokacin don saukowa shine ƙarshen watan Agusta ko farkon farkon Satumba (wannan ya dogara da yanayin). Amma idan akwai haɗarin cewa sanyi a yankin zai zo ba zato ba tsammani, zaku iya canja wurin hanya zuwa bazara.
Hanyar saukarwa kanta kamar haka:
- Sun tono zurfafawa 10 cm zurfi a cikin gado kuma suna cika su da humus game da rabi.
- Yankan yankan sunna sa'o'i da yawa a cikin maganin kowane biostimulator da aka shirya bisa ga umarnin. Sanya su a cikin tanki lebur.
- An dasa kayan dasa a cikin manyan tsaran, kwance kwance. Sannan an rufe ganyen da kasar gona mai kyau. Ana shayar da ƙasa sosai kuma a hankali ana matse shi.
- Ana iya sa ran girbin na farko a cikin karo na biyu bayan dasa shuki a ƙasa.
Hakanan, ana iya amfani da sassan harbe kamar yankan. An dasa su a cikin kwantena na mutum cike da perlite ko vermiculite, kuma an rufe shi da gilashin gilashi, a yanka tare da kwalaben filastik ko fim ɗin filastik, ƙirƙirar zafi na akalla 90-95%. Game da wata daya daga baya, tushen sa, da kuma ganye za a iya dasa a cikin m wuri.
Wani bangare na harbe blackberry da sauri suna yin tushe cikin ruwa
Bidiyo: yan itacen blackberry
Shuka shuka
Gyara blackberry yana da fasalin musamman. Ga yawancin albarkatun gona, yaduwar iri wani nau'i ne na "irin caca". Ba a bayyane abin da zai gudana a ƙarshe ba, kuma da yiwuwar kula da ire-iren halaye na shuka uwa ƙanana ne. Wannan bashi da amfani ga gyaran blackberries, duk da haka, ba a amfani da lambu mai son yin haka ta wannan hanyar ba.
Yankakken blackberries tare da tsaba hanya ce mai cin lokaci, kuma ba a da tabbacin nasara (ba za su iya yin fahariya da shuka)
Gaskiyar ita ce cewa tsaba ba sa bambanta a cikin shuka. Don haɓaka shi, ƙwararrun 'yan lambu sun ba da shawara ku ɗan ƙara dusar ƙanƙara tare da daskararren fatar daskararre ko dasawa kafin shuka (abin da ake kira scarification). Hakanan ana yin dabarar - kiyaye tsaba don kwanaki 7-10 a firiji.
Shuka abin gyara blackberry tare da tsaba kamar haka:
- Tsaba ta blackberry ana shuka su ne a ƙarshen hunturu ko farkon bazara. Boxesananan kwalaye suna cike da kwakwalwan peat, yashi kogin, ko cakuda su kimanin daidai gwargwado.
- Amfani da daskararre daga cikin bindiga da aka harba da leveled, an binne tsaba a ciki ba fiye da 6-7 cm ba.
- Da zaran ganyen na gaskiya na biyu ya bayyana akan shukokin (bayan kimanin watanni 2-2.5), sai an yi rayuwarsu, aka dasa su zuwa cikin kasa baki daya domin 'yan seedlings a cikin kwantena. Idan yanayi ya ba da damar, zaku iya shuka tsirrai nan da nan a gonar. In ba haka ba, a farkon watan Yuni, za a sake dasa itacen don fitar da itacen.
Farkon girbi daga gyaran ciyawar da aka samo daga blackberry dole ne ya jira shekaru 3-4
Girbi zai jira akalla shekaru 3-4. Wannan shine babban dalilin dalili don rashin yarda da hanyar.
Tushen tushe
Don haka, tsofaffin bushes da ke buƙatar sake buɗewa galibi suna yaduwa. A cikin bazara an haƙa su, ana tsabtace Tushen daga ƙasa kuma a yanka tare da wuka mai tsabta, mai tsabta a cikin sassa da yawa don kowane ɗayan yana da aƙalla mafi girma guda ɗaya. Yankunan an yayyafa su da itacen ash, alkama na ɓarnuwa, alli da ƙurar carbon. Sauran rhizome za a iya zubar.
Yaɗa Blackberry ta hanyar rarraba daji ya fi dacewa da tsoffin tsirrai
Ana gyaran nau'ikan blackberry a Ukraine
Yanayin yanayin Ukraine, musamman yankuna na kudu, mai saukin kai ne. Ya fi kama da yanayin Arkansas, mahaifar mahaifar yawancin nau'ikan gyaran bayi. Sabili da haka, ana iya ba da amintaccen lambu na lambu game da bayanin al'adar da kuma irin sakamakon da yake nuna yayin girma.
Firayim Jirgin Sama
Kashi na farko na gyaran blackberry, gabaɗaya da ƙaya, tare da harbe gaba ɗaya mai laushi. Ya fito a cikin siyarwa kyauta a cikin 2013, ya isa sararin samaniya bayan Soviet bayan kusan shekara daya da rabi. Kamar dukkan nau'ikan nau'ikan Firayim (shi ne na huɗun a ciki), asali daga Amurka. A cikin jihohin kudanci (da farko a Arkansas da California), an fara girma a kan sikelin masana'antu kusan nan da nan, tun lokacin da aka bambanta daskararru da ingantaccen sufuri, kuma lokacin 'ya'yan itace ya wuce daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba.
Firayim Minista Arc Freedom - blackberry na farko da ba jirgi ba
A lokacin da girma berries on shekara-shekara harbe, amfanin gona ripens da wuri isa, a cikin marigayi Yuli ko a farkon kwanaki goma na Agusta. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ɗaya ne, sikari na yau da kullun, baƙi mai haske, ya kai nauyin 12-16 g da tsawon 4-4.5 cm.Idan akwai raƙuman ruwa biyu na fruiting, ana rage berries zuwa 9-10 g. Theanɗar blackberry yana da daɗi da daidaituwa - mai dadi, tare da ƙaramin sourness. Yawan aiki yana da girma - har zuwa berries 50 a cikin kowane goge fure (6-8 kg daga daji).
Tare da kulawa da ta dace, Firayim Minista Arc Freedom ba shi da wahala daga cututtuka, amma wasu kuskuren lambu na iya tayar da haɓakar anthracnose. Wani hasara shine juriya mai ƙarancin sanyi (har zuwa -15 ºС). A tsakiyar yankin na Rasha, wannan nau'ikan ba zai rayu ba (sai dai idan kun shuka shi a cikin), amma ya dace sosai da yanayin canjin yanayin kudancin Ukraine. Haka kuma, wanda yake shi ne sabon abu baƙar fata don blackberry, iri-iri shine rashin kula ga fari.
Bidiyo: Bayyanar Blackberry Prime Arc Freedom
Firayim Jirgin Ruwa
Kashi na biyar (da na biyu ba wanda aka ɗora Kwatancen) na iri ɗaya ne wani cigaba na Jami'ar Arkansas aikin gona. An mallaka shi a cikin 2016. An bred musamman don namo akan sikelin masana'antu, amma ba wanda ya hana shuka shi a cikin shirye-shiryen lambun na sirri.
Firayim Minista na Blackberry Arc Treveler yana da ban sha'awa iri-iri don girma akan sikelin masana'antu
Ya bambanta a matsakaicin matsakaici (7-9 g) da bayyanar da za'a iya nuna itace na elongated berries. Babu kusan babu 'ya'yan' ya'yan itacen ". Ripens a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Yuli. Dandano yana da daɗi, berries suna da yawa, amma m, suna baza ƙanshi mai ban mamaki. Kai tsaye da kyau, gami da nisa mai nisa, riƙe ɗanɗano da sifa bayan tauyewa. Girbi - kilogiram 3-4 daga daji.
Dankin yana da matukar wuya, ƙarancin wahala yana fama da rashin lafiyar fata da tsatsa. Abubuwan furanni masu fure sune sananne don juriya na sanyi, amma wannan bai shafi harbe ba. Ingancin berries a farkon farko da na biyu na fruiting ba ya canzawa, amma 'ya'yan itatuwa na kaka sun fi kula da zafi da fari. Idan zafin jiki 30 ºС kuma mafi girma na dogon lokaci, bushes ba suyi fure sosai ba, da berries girma karami, da dandano da wahala.
Bidiyo: duk game da Blackberry Prime Arc Traveler
Thornfree
Blackberry ɗin ya fito ne daga Amurka, musamman daga Maryland. Wani dattijo mai isasshen tsari, wanda aka tanada a shekarar 1966, ire-iren ruwa ba shi da ma'ana sosai a game da ma'anar kalmar, amma a cikin yanayin yanayin yanayi ingantacce yana iya samar da albarkatu biyu a shekara.
Blackberry Thornfrey - tsohon tsufa ne wanda har yanzu ba a rasa shahararsa ba, a cikin ingantaccen yanayi, na iya bada 'ya'ya sau biyu a shekara
Yawancin nau'in har yanzu shine ma'aunin dandano. Berries masu nauyin 5 g, ma'auni ɗaya, m a siffar. Yayinda suka fara toho, sun zama kusan baƙi daga kumburi, naman kuwa yana asara mai yawa. A halayyar dandano da ƙanshi na 'ya'yan itace samun kawai cikakke. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar wahala ga lambu mai novice don fahimtar lokacin da za a ɗauki berries.
Aberriesan itace mara ƙwaya na Tornfree iri-iri masu acidic ne kuma basu da ƙanshin wuta, kuma yawancin overripe suna da taushi, sabo mai daɗi.
Babban amfanin gona ya farfado a tsakiyar watan Agusta. Yayi yawa sosai - 20-25 kilogiram daga daji (kimanin berries 100 daga harbin). Rassan karkashin nauyin 'ya'yan itacen sun rataye kusan ƙasa. Idan yanayin ya dace, fruiting na biyu yana yiwuwa a wani wuri a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Oktoba. Hardness na hunturu a matakin -16-18 ºС.
Blackberry Thornfrey da wuya yana fama da cututtuka, amma yana kula da zafi, har da zafin rana. Wani babban koma-baya game da ire-iren wannan ya ninka (harbe har ya kai tsawon 3-3.5 m). Itaciya mai fure tana da kyau sosai - furanni masu launin shuɗi ne, tare da nunin tsini mai nauyin 3-4 cm.
Amara
Ba kamar yawancin nau'ikan gyaran baƙi da aka barnata a Amurka ba, Amara gida ce ga Chile. Ya na da girma (har zuwa 15 g) girma da kuma ɗanɗano mai ban mamaki na berries, ba tare da ɗabi'ar ɗabi'ar ɗacin ɗabi'a da yawa iri iri na blackberry ba. Wata fa'ida da ba a tabbatar ba ita ce rashin isowar spikes. Isasshen daskararren yalwar wadatarwa yana sa berries su dace da harkokin sufuri.
Sabuwar baƙar fata ta blackberry iri ba a Amurka bane, amma a Chile
The berries ripen dogon isa. 2,5 watanni wuce daga flowering zuwa girbi. Blackberry na hargitse a farkon watan Satumba. Kamar yadda daji shekaru, da ingancin da berries da yawan amfanin ƙasa kusan ba su deteriorated.
Black Magic (aka Black Magic), aka Black Magic
Ofayan mafi kyawun nau'in gyaran blackberries. Bred a 2001 a Jami'ar Oregon. Spikes suna wurin, amma a cikin ƙananan kaɗan kuma kawai a gindin harbe. Heat da fari ba a cikin su ke shafan samuwar 'ya'yan itace. Harbi ya kai tsayin 2.5 m ko sama da haka, saboda haka, ana buƙatar tallafi don wannan nau'in. Kwayoyin suna da ƙarfi sosai, saboda haka waɗanda suka rage don hunturu suna da wuya a tanƙwara ƙasa. Yana fure kafin yawancin iri - riga a ƙarshen Afrilu. Tsayayya da tsatsa, amma sau da yawa anthracnose shafi. Tsarin sanyi - a matakin -12-15 ºС.
An dandana kuɗin sihirin baƙar Magani Black Magic har ma da kwararru
An girbe amfanin farko a tsakiyar Yuni, na biyu - kusa da ƙarshen watan Agusta. The berries ne babba (11-12 g), tawada-m launi. Dandano yana da daɗi, amma ba tare da sugary ba, mai daidaituwa sosai, ɓangaren litattafan almara suna da yawa, ƙanshi mai laushi. Ta hanyar masu dandano masu sana'a, ƙimar dandano na Black Magic an ƙera su sosai - ta maki 4.6 cikin biyar. Tsarin daidai ne, yana kama da mazugi masu elongated. Blackberry yana jurewa da sufuri da kyau.
Lokacin fruiting lokacin da ake girma berries kawai a kan harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara yana shimfidawa na kwanaki 45-50. Lokacin da sanyi yayi sanyi a waje, thean itacen yana samun soancin farin ciki (kamar misalin blackcurrant), amma wannan bai sa su zama da ɗan daɗi ba. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa shine kilo 5-6 a kowane daji.
Bidiyo: Blackberry Magic
Gyara nau'ikan blackberries a cikin gari
Yanayin da ke yankin Moscow, da kuma yawancin yankin Turai na Rasha, ba a iya faɗi hakan. Masu cin nasara za su iya zama da dumi kuma suna da sanyi sosai. Sabili da haka, lokacin zabar nau'ikan gyaran baƙi don wannan yankin, yana da mahimmanci don kula da juriya sanyi.
Ruben (Ruben)
Samu suna don girmama mahaliccinsa, malami daga Jami'ar Arkansas, John Ruben Clark. Wannan shine mai shayarwa wanda ya mallaki mafi yawan nasarorin da aka samu a fagen kiwo yana gyara nau'in blackberry. Ruben yana daya daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan blackberry a duniya, kodayake an mallaka ta a shekarar 2012 kawai. Ficewa da wuri na berries yana baka damar samun amfanin gona ba kawai a cikin mahaifar ba, har ma a cikin yankuna da yanayin yanayi.
Ruben shine ɗayan shahararrun nau'ikan sabunta blackberries, ba kawai a gida ba (a cikin Amurka), har ma bayan iyakokin ta.
Matsakaicin nauyin berry shine kimanin 10 g, samfurori na mutum sun isa zuwa 15-16 g. bushaya daga cikin daji yakan kawo kilogiram 5-6 na 'ya'yan itace. Blackberry na farko da ke tsiro a tsakiyar watan Agusta, ana samun fruiting kusan har zuwa farkon sanyi. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da daraja sosai saboda dandano da ƙanshin su, naman su mai yawa ne amma mai laushi.
Karanta ƙari game da iri-iri a cikin labarinmu: Ruben shine blackberry na farko da aka gyara.
Harbe-gadajen kusa da daji suna da matsakaici-daidaitacce, karkatattu, ana iya girma ko da ba tare da tallafi ba. Akwai jijiyoyi, amma suna ƙanana kuma ba sau da yawa ana zaune. Ba za a iya kiran shuka mai ƙima ba, amma yana da matukar kyau.
Dajin wani blackberry Ruben yana da sauki a gano ta fasalin halayyar sa - bayan an cire dukkan berries daga gare ta, sai ƙayayuwa su faɗi.
Grade Ruben da flaws ba tare da. Da farko dai, waɗannan matsalolin pollination ne da suka tashi a yanayin zafi, bushewa. Na biyu amfanin gona, wanda mai yiwuwa ba shi da lokacin yin ripen kafin sanyi na farko, musamman ya shafa. Don wasu dalilai, aphid ya nuna kulawa ta musamman ga wannan blackberry, kodayake kusan ba ta fama da cututtuka.
Firayim Jim
Ofayan ɗayan nau'ikan farkon gyaran baƙar fata, an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2004. Wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan Dr. James Moore, wanda ya kafa Jami'ar Arkansas kiwo.
Firayim Minista na Blackberry Jim ya yaba da girman girmansa da daidaitawa
Tana da babban girma (12-15 g) da kuma daidaitaccen dandano mai ɗanɗano na berries (aftertaste mai ban sha'awa tare da ƙanshin ciyawa shine halayyar). Taswararrun masu tasirin ƙwararru, an yi masa alama a maki 4.5 cikin biyar. Gyara harbe. A lokacin bazara, daji, wanda aka rufe da furanni masu ruwan hoda mai laushi da manyan furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara, suna da alaƙa da hutu.
'Ya'yan itãcen sun girma a ƙarshen shekarun farko na watan Agusta. Tarinsu yana da matukar rikitarwa ta hanyar manyan yatsu masu ɗorewa. A siffar da berries ne dan kadan elongated, kuma ɓangaren litattafan almara ne mai yawa m.
Firayim Ministan Jan
Na farko daga cikin nau'ikan gyaran blackberries. An sanya sunan ta ne bayan matar Dakta Moore, Janita. Harbi ya kai tsayin 2 m ko fiye, don haka suna buƙatar tallafi. Daya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin iri-iri shine juriya sanyi. Firayim Minista Yang ya rayu inda sauran nau'ikan blackberries ba za su iya rayuwa ba.
Firayim Yan shine mafi tsananin tsayayya da nau'ikan gyaran baƙi, wanda ke nuna cewa ya dace da yanayin damina na Rasha
Berries suna da ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa: ga wasu sun yi kama da cherries, kuma ga wasu - apple. Matsakaicin nauyin 'ya'yan itacen shine g 7.-9 Rashin farko na amfanin gona ya fadi a tsakiyar watan Yuni, na biyu a ƙarshen bazara.
Firayim jirgin Arba'in da shida
A iri aka mallaka a cikin Amurka a 2009. An halin fari da juriya sanyi, yana da babbar rigakafi ga cututtuka. Harbe mai ƙarfi, an rufe shi da dunƙule guda ɗaya a ƙasa. Da kyar suka katse girbi. A lokacin furanni, daji yana da kyau sosai, furanni suna kama da "gari".
Blackberry Prime Arc 45 kusan ba ya fama da cututtuka, kawai banda shi ne Anthracnose
'Ya'yan itaciya na farko sun haɗu a ƙarshen Yuni, amfanin gona na biyu a farkon Satumba. Idan kun yi girma berries kawai a kan harbe-harbe na shekara-shekara, fruiting yana farawa a watan Agusta kuma yana shimfiɗa kusan zuwa sanyi.
A berries ne m baki, elongated, tare da m ɓangaren litattafan almara. Ana ƙanshi ƙanshi, kamar da ceri. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 8-10 g .. Blackberry yana jurewa da sufuri da kyau.
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Blackberries sun fi dacewa sake sarrafawa. Kadan matsala (babu cuta, babu kwari). Ina da Ruben iri-iri. Dasa shi a cikin gidan kore. In ba haka ba, mafi yawan amfanin gona ba shi da lokacin shuka. Dajin yana da iko. Berry yana da girma. Yawan aiki - kamar yadda goma rasberi bushes. Na ɗauki berries na ƙarshe a 20 na Oktoba. Ba ya bada harbe. Akwai matsaloli tare da haifuwa. Abincin yana da kauri, yana yin bugu da kyau. Ina so in rataya tukwane na wannan shekara da kuma tsaya gefen harbe a cikin su. Bari ya karba.
Manzovka//www.plodpitomnik.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=212
Berriesarshen itacen Black Prime Prime na dandano mai kyau, tare da bayanan ceri. The harbe overwintered da kyau. Firayim Minista Arc 45 kamar ɗan ƙaramin abu ne mai ban sha'awa a girbin farko. A wannan shekara zai zama mafi daidai. Amma wintering na harbe ya fi muni.
Elvir//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=1863
Yin hukunci da abin da suka rubuta, Firayim Jirgin Rakumi 45 shine mafi kyawun: mafi kyawun yawan amfanin ƙasa fiye da Firayim Ministan Jim da Firayim Firayim. Abun sukari ya fi girma, amma a zazzabi sama da 29 ºС 'ya'yan itacen ba ɗaure da kyau.
Andrii//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3776
Mun shuka bushes na blackberry Prime Arc 45 tare da rufaffiyar tushe a farkon Yuni 2013. A ƙarshen shekara ta 2014, muna da bushes mai ɗaukar hoto mai ɗaukar hoto (da yawa suna yin harbe-harbe na canzawa a cikin 2014 sun kai tsayi na 1.8 m kuma sun kasance gaba ɗaya a cikin berries). A wani jefa, da yawan berries da ɗari. Berriesarshen berries yana da girma kamar waɗanda na iri-iri na Natchez, mai daɗi, amma bushes ba su shimfiɗa kaka ba. A lokacin bazara, zafi ba ya isa, kuma tsufa yana jinkirta. Kimanin kashi 10% na amfanin gona sun tsiro. Yawancin suna da ban sha'awa sosai, amma don cimma cikakkiyar dawowa, muna buƙatar tara zafi (ko dai ƙirƙirar rami fim a lokacin kaka, ko kuma rami ya kamata ya kasance a duk lokacin girma - ya dogara da tsawon lokacin da ake buƙatar Berry). Rashin kyaunta da ire-iren su ne sikari. Gabaɗaya, nau'ikan gyarawa ba batun magana ba ne. M, jita-jita, Firayim Minista Arc Freedom yana da balaga da farko. Yanzu muna da daji da aka ci gaba (saboda ya ba da amfani a shekara mai zuwa). Idan an cim ma tsammanin, to wannan zai zama juyin juya halin a cikin fasaha na ƙara blackberries.
Yakimov//club.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=5043
Ba zan iya yin tsayayya ba, Na gwada farkon farkon cikakke Black Magic berry: mafi dadi fiye da m, ƙanƙane, daɗaɗɗen m, haushi yana da wuya, m, elongated. Gabaɗaya, ina son shi, Ina buƙatar kiwo. Bugu da ƙari, pollination shine 100%, an kiyaye reshe dan kadan, ba ya kwance a ƙasa, tsayin tsayi yana wani wuri kusa da 1.5 m.
Ranar soyayya 55//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=8779
Ina matukar farin ciki cewa a cikin bazara ta 2014 na dasa da dama bushes na Black Magic iri-iri blackberries. A cikin faduwar zan fadada saukowa. Ina son duk abin da ke ciki: kusan 100% ovary na berries a cikin matsanancin zafi, ƙarfin girma, matsakaici daji, don haka yin magana. Kuma babu kusan babu ƙaya a cikin yankin mai 'ya'yan itace. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, berries suna da yawa, mai yawa kuma mai dadi sosai. Ina da matsakaicin nauyin 10-11 g.
Landberry//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=8779
Zan iya bayar da shawarar mafi kyawun canji don Ruben - gyaran samfur na Black Magic (Black Magic) yawanci mafi girma fiye da Ruben.
Sergey1//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1352&start=330
Gyara blackberry - sabuwar al'ada a Rasha, amma da amincewa da samun karɓuwa. An mai daraja ne musamman domin ta high yawan aiki, da tsawon lokaci fruiting, babu bukatar rikici a kusa da shirye-shiryen hunturu da kuma matsananci sauki na pruning hanya. Aikin girma da shi a cikin lambu lambu ba tukuna ya yi yawa. Koyaya, yawancin nau'ikan suna da matukar ban sha'awa, ciki har da don namo a Rasha.
