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Hanyoyi da sharuɗɗa don graft itacen itacen apple

Don samun sabon nau'in bishiyoyin apple, masu lambu suna zuwa aiki kamar alurar riga kafi. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don pin iri da ake so. Zabi na hanyar ya dogara da kakar da gwaninta. Alurar riga kafi ba ta da rikitarwa saboda tana buƙatar kulawa da daidaito. Nasarar taron har zuwa mai yawa ya dogara da madaidaicin tushen dabbobi da shirye-shiryen scion.

Alurar riga kafi na itacen apple kuma me yasa ake buƙata

Yawancin lambu sun ji manufar alurar riga kafi. Koyaya, ba kowa bane yasan menene, me yasa, da yadda ake aiwatar dashi. Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun amfanin gona na lambu, wanda galibi ana yiwa allurar rigakafi da sake sakewa, itace tuffa. A cikin sharuɗɗa masu sauƙi, wannan hanya juzu'i ne na tsire-tsire biyu tare da kaddarorin daban. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, dan itacen apple ya girbi itacen domin ya inganta dandano da girman 'ya'yan itacen. Wannan halin, lokacin da itacen zai iya kamuwa da sanyi, cuta da fari, ba sabon abu bane.

Idan muka yi la’akari da itacen apple na daji, to, ya fi dacewa da muhalli. Tushen tsarin wasan daji yana da zurfi sosai, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kyakkyawar riƙe itace, juriya ga iska da kuma kaya a ƙarƙashin amfanin gona. A lokaci guda, halayen ɗanɗano na 'ya'yan itacen irin wannan itacen apple ba su dace da mutum ba. Koyaya, alurar riga kafi na iya haɗu da kaddarorin shuka da daji. Sakamakon wannan hayewa, yana yiwuwa a sami itacen da zai sami 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daɗi, juriya ga cututtuka, tsarin tushen da zai ba ka damar fitar danshi da abinci mai zurfi daga zurfin. Duk abubuwan da ke sama sune babban aiki kuma babban aiki.

Alurar riga kafi na itacen apple yana ba ku damar inganta ingancin da girman 'ya'yan itacen da juriya gaba ɗaya na bishi ga cututtuka da tasirin canjin yanayin

Koyaya, ana amfani da allurar rigakafi don cimma burin da ke gaba:

  • da sauri yada mafi so ko mafi wuya nau'in;
  • hanzarta farko na fruiting;
  • maye gurbin nau'ikan bishiyoyin apple na manya;
  • kara girman 'ya'yan itacen;
  • sami iri iri a kan bishiya ɗaya;
  • yi canje-canje ga kambi idan yana asymmetrical ko gefe ɗaya.

Yaushe yafi dacewa a shuka itacen apple

Alurar riga kafi abubuwan zahiri za a iya za'ayi a kowane lokaci na shekara. Koyaya, kowane kakar yana da nasa nuances. Idan an aiwatar da hanyar yadda yakamata, amma a lokacin da bai dace ba, to da wuya ɗan itacen ya zama tushen, kuma itaciyar tana iya cutar ko kuma ta mutu.

Priva - wani itace (mai harba), wanda ya hade da hannun jari. Ana kiran hannun jari a ƙasan bishiyar itace.

A lokacin bazara, ana yin ayyukan alurar riga kafi a farkon farkon kwarara ruwan itace, i.e. lokacin da itaciyar take a hutu kuma buds bai farka ba. Anyi bayanin wannan ta hanyar cewa a wannan lokacin ayyukan da suke faruwa a cikin bishiyar suna da nufin tallafawa rayuwa kawai. Idan lokacin girma bai fara ba, to ciyawa kawai bazai iya yin tushe ba. Ayyade lokacin rigakafin bazara abu ne mai sauki:

  • thearshe sun yi kumbura da yawa, amma har yanzu ba su fara girma ba;
  • rassayen bishiyoyi sun samu inuwa mai kyau;
  • tare da aikin injiniya, haushi ya rabu kuma cambium ya kasance akan sa.

Cambium - kore yadudduka wadanda ke ƙarƙashin haushi.

A lokacin grafting na graft, ya zama dole a hada cambial yadudduka na dasa da stock

Dogaro da yankin da fasalin yanayin, rigakafin bazara yana faruwa a ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu. A kwanan wata na gaba, mafi yawan kayan da aka ƙulla za a ƙi karɓa.

Amma ga lokacin bazara, yawancin lambu ba sa aiwatar da irin waɗannan hanyoyin a wannan lokacin. An yarda dashi gaba ɗaya cewa ƙyallen ya ɗauki tushen sosai, kuma itaciyar kanta zata iya wahala kawai daga irin wannan aiki. Koyaya, koyaushe ba zai yiwu a yi wa allurar rigakafi a cikin bazara ba, saboda lokaci na iya sauƙi ba zai isa ba. Idan muka kusanci batun da zurfin tunani, zamu iya gano cewa tara itacen apple a bazara mai yiwuwa ne, amma a wasu lokuta:

  • 'ya'yan itaciyar suka fara zuba;
  • wani toho mai kwalliya wanda aka kafa akan harbe;
  • haushi, har ma da lokacin bazara, ana samun sauƙin rabu da itace;
  • a shekara-shekara harbe, da internodes na sama sashi aka rage.

A lokacin bazara, an fi yin alurar riga kafi a ƙarshen Yuli.

Cleavage a cikin fall bai dace da kowane yanki ba. Don haka, a cikin yankunan da ake halin farkon sanyi, duk aikin na iya sauka magudana. Idan saboda wasu dalilai ba zai yiwu a dasa itacen apple a cikin bazara ko lokacin rani ba, to ya halatta a kashe shi a farkon kaka, kuma mafi musamman, a farkon kwanakin Satumba. A cikin yankuna masu dumi da kuma lokacin sanyi, ana iya aiwatar da aiki har zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba.

Ana yin allurar rigakafin hunturu a ɗaka, don haka duk kayan ana samarwa a gaba:

  • hannun jari ɗaya da shekara biyu ana haƙo su a ƙarshen kaka, kuma a adana su don ajiya a cikin ɗakin da babu sanyi;
  • azaman scion amfani da ƙwaya biyu na 2-4, waɗanda aka girbe a farkon hunturu.

An shigo da hannun jari cikin zafi kwanaki 7 kafin aikin, kuma ya yanke kwanaki 2-3. Lokaci na alurar riga kafi ne da za'ayi a tsakiyar Disamba, kuma grafted seedlings ana shuka su ne a kusa da na biyu rabin Maris. Adana kayan dasawa a zazzabi na 0 ... -4˚С.

Yadda ake shirya itace

Kafin ci gaba tare da hanya, kuna buƙatar sanin yadda ake girbi cuttings don grafting. Itace daga wanda akayi shirin dasa sare dole yazama ya hayayyafa kuma yakasance ta tsayayye. Kuna buƙatar zaɓar twan eka shekara mai ɓoyewa daga ƙarshen itacen.

An ba da shawarar yankan daga tsakiyar matakin kambi.

Lokacin girbi girbi, an yanke rassan shekara-shekara daga ɓangaren kudancin kambi

Amma game da lokacin girbi girbi, ra'ayoyin lambu ya bambanta. Wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa ya fi kyau aiwatar da hanya a farkon lokacin hunturu, wasu - a ƙarshen hunturu da farkon bazara. A madadin haka, ana iya shirya harbe nan da nan kafin alurar riga kafi. Babban abu shine cewa basu da fure a buɗe. Yankin shank wanda yafi dacewa da sikarin dole ya cika wadannan ka'idoji:

  • tsawon ya zama 30-40 cm;
  • harbe ya kamata ya zama 6-7 mm;
  • kodan kada yayi fure;
  • internodes kada ta kasance gajere;
  • yankan zai fi kyau yi tare da ɗan itacen fruiting ba shekaru 10 da haihuwa.

Bidiyo: girbin bishiyar itace

Yadda ake dasa bishiyar apple

Al'adar da ake tambaya, gwargwadon lokacin, za a iya shiga cikin hanyoyi da yawa. Sabili da haka, ya kamata kowane ɗayan su yi la'akari sosai.

Tsarin gada

Irin wannan alurar riga kafi ya bambanta da sauran hanyoyin ta hanyar da ba a yi niyyar samar da sababbin nau'ikan ba. Babban manufar wannan hanyar ita ce dawo da itacen daga lalacewa ko wata lalacewa. Yawancin lokaci, ƙwayoyin wuta, sanyi mai tsananin sanyi ko rana suna haifar da lahani ga bishiyoyin apple. Lokacin da rauni ya bayyana, akwai toshewar hawan ruwan safiyar yau da kullun, wanda dole ne a sake dawo dashi. Yana da kyau a la’akari da cewa wannan hanyar ba mai sauki ba ce kuma ba kowane dan lambu zai iya jurewa ba.

Don grafting tare da gada, bishiyoyin apple tare da ramin firam na akalla 30 mm sun dace.

Ya kamata a fara aiwatar da aikin a farkon farkon kwararar ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Ya danganta da yankin canjin yanayi, lokacin zai iya bambanta. Yakamata ya jagorance ta ta hanyar: idan haushi ya rabu sosai, to lokaci yayi da za'a fara alurar riga kafi. Amma da farko kuna buƙatar shirya duk abin da kuke buƙata. Daga cikin kayan aikin da kayan da ake bukata:

  • wuƙa da wuƙa;
  • yan sakandare;
  • abu dauri;
  • putty.

Wukar itace babban kayan aiki don yin rigakafin lambun

Ya kamata a zaɓi yankyen Scion 10 cm fiye da nisa da yankin da ya lalace. A matsayinka na mai mulki, an zaɓi harbe tare da kauri daga 4-5 mm. Idan itaciyar tana da lalacewa mai mahimmanci, yakamata ya kamata itace ta zama da kauri. Don gada, zaku iya amfani da harbe har ma daga itacen apple na daji. Ana iya girbe su daga kaka zuwa tsakiyar lokacin hunturu.

Ana amfani da guntun gadarwa don maido da kwararar ruwan itace idan lalacewar haushi

Alurar riga kafi tare da gada ta ƙunshi matakan matakan zuwa mataki:

  1. Muna tsabtace yankin da ya lalace kuma a shafe shi da zane mai bushe.
  2. Mun datsa gefowar haushi tare da wuka mai kaifi, muna guje wa lalacewar itace.
  3. Muna zaɓar adadin cut ɗin da ake so, wanda ya dogara da yanayin lalacewa. Don ƙananan raunuka, za a buƙaci ɓoyen 2-4, kuma don manyan kangon-manyan fa'idodi, guda 8. Idan an adana ganyen a cikin firiji, ana sanya su zazzabi zuwa ɗakin zazzabi.
  4. Mun cire buds daga harbe, kuma mun yanke gefuna da kyau.
  5. A kan haushi daga itacen da ke ƙasa da kuma ƙasa yankin da ya lalace, yana barin 1 cm daga gefen, yi yanke-mai siffa.
  6. Gashinan ƙatunnan sun lanƙwasa kuma muna saka peyun a cikin su: yakamata su ɗanɗaɗa. A cikin aiwatarwa, yana da mahimmanci kada a gauraya saman da kasan ɓawon. An shirya harbe a ko'ina a cikin da'irar.
  7. Muna rufe wurin da aka yi rigakafin tare da lambun var kuma muna gyara finnnin tare da tef na lantarki.

Bidiyo: Hanyar tattara bishiyoyi tare da gada

Alurar riga kafi domin haushi

Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyi masu sauƙi don ba da shawarar allurar rigakafinku don farawa shine samun kumburin kumburin ku. Ana aiwatar da hanyar a lokacin gudanawar ruwan itace kuma ana amfani dashi don dasa bishiyoyin apple na manya ko kuma kawai rassan babban kauri. Tazarar lokaci, ana yin irin wannan alurar rigakafin, a matsayin doka, a cikin Mayu. Domin aikin ya yi nasara, da farko kuna buƙatar shirya.

Don farawa, shirya jari. Yanke reshen da za a sake haɗa shi an yanke shi da kaifi mai ƙarfi a cikin jerin da aka nuna a hoton.

Idan jari yana da babban diamita, an yanke shi a cikin wasu jerin

Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin da yanke rassan kauri don gujewa watsewa. Bayan sun tsaftace tsinkayen da aka yanka tare da wuka mai kaifi sannan suka ci gaba da shirin siran. A matsayin kayan grafting, a matsayin mai mulkin, ana amfani da tsakiyar ɓangaren abin riƙe. Anyi bayanin wannan ta hanyar cewa kodan a cikin sashin na sama suna kusa da juna, kuma a ƙananan ɓangaren an inganta su. Don aiki, kuna buƙatar wuka na alurar riga kafi da lambun putty.

Hanyar ta ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:

  1. A sare na scion ne a yanka obliquely. Ya kamata yanke ya zama tsawon 3-4 cm kuma yana da farfajiya. Yakamata akwai koda a hannun a gefe ɗaya. Ana yin sare na biyu a sashin na sama sama da koda na uku.

    Cutarshe a ƙasa an yanke shi sarai

  2. An yanka haushi a cikin tushen har zuwa tsawon 3-4 cm, ƙashi na wuka inoculation an rabu da itace.
  3. An saka cut ɗin a cikin rata da aka kafa wanda ya sa oblique yanke yayi daidai a cikin yanke haushi a jikin bishiya.

    An saka yankan itace a cikin tushen abin da ya sa oblique yanke ya shiga cikin sare haushi akan bishiya

  4. Ana matse haushi sosai kuma a nannade shi da fim na musamman ko tef na lantarki.

    Don gyara katako, an rufe shafin maganin tare da tef na lantarki

Alurar riga kafi ta wannan hanya za a iya yi ba tare da yankan ƙage ba. Don yin wannan, an raba haushi a hankali tare da fegi kuma an saka scion da aka shirya. A ƙarshen hanya, wurin yin gogewa, ƙarshen ƙarshen reshe da reshe na ɓangaren ganyen an lullube shi da nau'in lambun.

Ya danganta da kauri daga hannun jari, ana iya graft daban-daban na itace. Don haka, a kan reshe mai girman cm 2-3, ana iya graft ɗaya ɗaya, biyu akan 5-7 cm, uku akan 8-10 cm.

Grafting apple itacen tare da grafting secateurs

Ana iya samun bishiyar apple da sauran bishiran usinga usingan itace ta amfani da wasu hanyoyin sadarwa. Wannan kayan aiki yana ba ku damar kammala aikin ta hanyar gwaji, ko da ba da ƙwarewa sosai. An ba da shawarar gudanar da shi ba a farkon Afrilu, kuma zaka iya daga baya. Kayan aiki yana da sauƙin amfani, saboda kowa yana iya kulawa da shi. An gudanar da aikin a cikin tsari mai zuwa:

  1. Bayanan sirri akan hannun jari sun sanya cikas.

    An yi karkara a kan ƙwayar cuta ta amfani da amincin

  2. An kuma sanya wani abin fashewa a kan allolin. Yana da mahimmanci tabbatar da cewa siffar ƙirar daraja ce ta jujjuyawar jari.

    Hanyar da daraja a kan scion ya kamata ya zama tushen rootstock

  3. An haɗa gidajen abinci, bayan wannan ana kula da shafin tare da lambun var.
  4. Wurin rigakafin an lullube shi da kaset ɗin lantarki ko fim na musamman.

    Wurin rigakafin an lullube shi da tef na lantarki ko fim na musamman sannan a saka jaka domin kula da danshi

Tushen allurar rigakafi

Akwai yanayi idan akwai yuwuwar samun ingantacciyar itace mai ban sha'awa iri-iri, kuma babu abinda za'a shuka shi. A wannan yanayin, kada ku yi fushi. Alurar riga kafi za a iya yi a kan tushen itaciyar. Wani lokacin Tushen itacen apple ana samunsu ne a wani zurfin mara zurfi kuma lokacin tono ƙasa, ana iya samun kusan a saman. Yayin bayyanar buds a jikin bishiya, zaku iya yin rigakafi. Don yin wannan, bi waɗannan matakan:

  1. Mita daga gangar jikin ta yanke tushen. Sannan a wanke da ruwa mai tsabta, a goge shi da mayafi, a tsaftace shi da wuka mai kaifi.
  2. An graft ɗin ta amfani da hanyar haushi tare da sirdi.
  3. An ɗaure maganin tare da tef na banlating, kuma ɓangarorin na sama da ƙananan na yankan an rufe su da lambun var.
  4. Don kauce wa lalacewar ƙyallen, an yi faci da turaku.

Aƙƙarfan haushi tare da sirdi ya ɗan bambanta da hanyar da aka saba.

Idan hanyar ta yi nasara, kodan za ta fara girma. A shekara mai zuwa, zaku iya rarrabe itacen ɗan itacen apple da tura shi zuwa wani wuri.

Bidiyo: yadda ake samun rigakafin tushe

Tushen inoculation

Don yi wa tushen abin wuya zaka buƙaci waɗannan kayan aiki da kayan:

  • yan sakandare;
  • wuka mai kaifi;
  • yanke;
  • bandeji
  • wasu tsummoki.

Don grafting, ana amfani da wuƙa, secateurs, tef ɗin rufewa da yanke.

Daga cikin kayan da aka shirya a gaba, zai zama dole don yanke sashin tsakiya, aiwatar da yanke babba a saman koda daga 2-3 mm. A matsayin jari zaka iya amfani da kadan daji. Tsarin kanta ana yin ta kamar haka:

  1. Sun tono kadan a kusa da yankin grafting, suna kawar da datti kuma suna goge kwandon tare da rag.
  2. Pruners suna yanyan daji a matakin tushen wuya ko kawai a saman sa.
  3. An yanke wani abu mai warware rauni tare da harshe, wanda aka sanya tushen daga cikin akwati tsakanin sos na ƙafa.
  4. A kan gangar jikin, ta amfani da wuƙa, yanke yanke na kusan cm 3 tare da motsi sama.
  5. A nesa daga 1 cm daga gefen yanke, an yanke yanke a tsaye zuwa zurfin 1 cm.
  6. A cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙananan yankan, ana yin yanka iri ɗaya kamar a kan rootstock, to an yanke cut 1 cm mai zurfi a cikin itace.
  7. Saka mari a cikin kayan dutsen kuma kunsa shi a kusa da kayan ƙarancin.

Kididdigar Kididdigar

Alurar riga kafi na itacen apple tare da koda (ido) shima ana kiranta budding. Ana aiwatar da aikin a cikin bazara, yawanci a ƙarshen Yuli-farkon watan Agusta. Don wannan hanyar, za a buƙaci tsayi 25-40 cm tsayi tare da haɓaka na shekarar yanzu. Ya kamata a sayo harbi, da ganyayyaki lafiya da haushi. Zai fi dacewa a cire ganye don rage danshi, amma ya kamata a bar petioles.

Mafi kyawun lokacin girbi itace shine safiya a ranar alurar riga kafi.

Fasaha da kanta ta gangara zuwa matakai masu zuwa:

  1. Ana cire ganye da rassa daga tushen dabino a tsayin 15-20 cm daga ƙasa.
  2. Wurin yin rigakafin cutar nan gaba da gangar jikin da za a karɓi koda daga ruwan an tsabtace ta da ruwa mai tsabta kuma a goge da bushe mai bushe.
  3. Tare da wuka a kan tushen kuɗi yi fenti mai nau'in T, saukar da ƙasa da 2-3 cm.

    A kan tushenku yi ɓangaren T-dimbin yawa daga haushi

  4. Suna dauke da haushi kusa da sasanninta a wurin da ya haifar da karkatarwa

    Tare da wuka, gefuna na haushi ya rabu da itace

  5. Zabi koda a kan hannun, yanke shi tare da wani ɓangaren gangar jikin mai tsayin tsayin 2.5-3 cm .. Ya kamata a sami koda a tsakiyar garkuwar.

    An yanke ɗanɗani da aka zaɓa akan abin riƙe tare da ɓangaren kara

  6. Tare da taimakon wuka wuka, an tura haushi zuwa tushen dab da garkuwar tare da koda tare da sauƙin shiga.
  7. Sanya koda kodayaushe, rike ta da mari.

    An saka koda a cikin abun har sai ya daina

  8. Idan m ya zama ya yi girma da yawa, an yanke yawan wucewar a matakin masarar da ke a kan jari.

    Idan garkuwar tana da girma, yanke abin da ya wuce tare da wuka

  9. Wurin yin allurar rigakafi an lullube shi da kaset na lantarki, kuma an bar koda da kansa a buɗe.

    Wurin rigakafin an lullube shi da kaset ɗin lantarki ko wata iska, yana barin koda

Wannan hanya ana kiranta T-dimbin yawa inoculation.

Bidiyo: applean itacen apple

Jirgin ruwa mai sarrafawa

Akwai wata hanyar da ba a saba gani ba don yin allurar itacen apple - ta haƙa. Hanyar ba ta da mashahuri, amma zaka iya gwadawa azaman gwaji.

Don grafting ta hanyar hakowa, ya zama dole don yin rami a cikin graft graft ta amfani da rawar soja

Linearshen ƙasa yana haƙa rami a cikin scion zuwa zurfin 7-20 mm, yana yanke wani yanki na itace daga hannun jari sannan ya haɗa yadudduka na cambial. Bayan hanyar, an gama ware makircin tare da lambun var.

Inoculation

'Yan lambu, a matsayin mai mulkin, koyaushe suna da sha'awar samun yawancin nau'ikan bishiyoyi. Koyaya, girman maƙarƙashiyar wani lokaci baya bada izinin dasa shuki da yawa. A wannan yanayin, zaka iya ƙirƙirar itace tare da ire-ire iri ta hanyar grafting cikin kambi. Lokacin dasa bishiyoyi biyu, nau'in apple guda uku ko pear za'a iya gracing cikin kambi na kowane ɗayansu.

Lokacin dasa shuki iri daban-daban, dole ne a la'akari da cewa dole dukkan su su kasance daidai lokacin da suke girma.

Kyakkyawan bishiyoyi masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke da rassa na shekara aƙalla 25-30 cm tsawonsu sun dace da irin wannan yanayin.Domin mafi ƙarancin shekaru don grafting shine shekaru 4-10. Ana iya gudanar da aikin mafi kyau a cikin bazara a lokacin lokacin gudanawar kwararowar ruwa, i.e., kafin fure. Tana girgiza ƙasa don waɗannan ayyukan:

  1. An yankatse yankan tsayin 90-120 cm daga ƙasa akan rassan haɓaka masu kyau waɗanda ke kusurwa na 45-60˚ daga gangar jikin.
  2. An shirya reshe ɗin da za a sake haɗa shi tare da lalata kayan lambun, yana tallafawa 30-50 cm daga gangar jikin. Bayan yankan, an tsabtace farfajiya tare da wuka na lambu.
  3. A matsayin scion, ana amfani da firam na shekara-shekara tare da huhun 3-4. Wannan zai ba ku damar ganin 'ya'yan itatuwa na farko a cikin shekaru 2-3.
  4. An dasa itace daga bishiyar hanyar da aka zaɓa, alal misali, cikin ɓarna.
  5. An ɗaure scion tare da tef na lantarki ko fim, kuma buɗe raunuka an shafe su tare da lambun var.
  6. A ƙarshen hanyar, ana saka jakar takarda a kan reshe na makonni 2, wanda ke kawar da bushewar tsintsiyar.

Bidiyo: grafting itace a kambi

Alurar riga kafi na itacen apple a cikin abin da ya faru a kai

Wannan hanyar ta dace da rassan da ke da diamita daban-daban. Tsarin fasalinsa shine babban ƙarfin ƙarfin jari da ƙoshin scion. Ana iya aiwatar da hanyar a cikin hunturu, bazara ko bazara. Lokaci mafi kyau shine farkon lokacin bazara yayin lokacin kumburin koda. Don grafting amfani cuttings girbe a cikin fall. Hanyar ta ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:

  1. A rootstock yi oblique incision na itace.

    Shiri don jari don alurar riga kafi a cikin abin da ya faru a kaikaice

  2. A kan scion, 2 yanka biyu oblique ana aikata daga misalin tare da graft inoculation.

    Lokacin shirya warin, an yanke ƙananan sashin a kowane ɓangaren

  3. Sanya hannun a cikin ramin da aka kafa akan hannun jari, shafa shi da lambun kayan lambu kuma yi iska.

    An saka dutsen a cikin hannun jari a kan jari kuma an nannade shi da kayan maɗauri

Crowning ta apple seedlings ta amfani da knip-baum hanya

Shuka seedlings ta amfani da fasaha na knip-baum (itacen fure) yana ba ku damar samun bishiyoyi waɗanda suka shiga cikin shekaru 1-2 bayan dasa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga saurin girma na amfanin gona. Ta wannan hanyar, suna yin bazara zuwa bazara da bazara, har ma da lokacin hunturu. Knip-baum tsarin yana ba da matakai da yawa:

  • a cikin shekarar farko ta shuka shuki, an shuka jari kuma ana aiwatar da budaddinta;
  • a shekara ta biyu, suna girma shekara-shekara;
  • a shekara ta uku, sai suka datse kawunansu daga tsayi daga 70-90 cm, suna fitar da mai yin tsakiya daga babban koda tare da gajeren hancin harbe-harbe da kusurwoyi masu wuce gona da iri daga tsakiyar akwati, wanda akan dage farawar 'ya'yan itace.

Bidiyo: grafting seedlings ta amfani da fasahar knip-baum

Alurar riga kafi na itacen apple bisa ga tsarin V. Zhelezov

Valery Zhelezov, wanda ke kula da gonar da ke da kwarewa sosai, ya ba da rigakafin yin rigakafin a kan wasu ƙananan 'yan shekaru 1-2 da ke kusa da ƙasa (2-5 cm) tare da ganyen da aka girbe daga kaka. Don haka, yana yiwuwa a sami bishiyoyi masu ƙarfi da saurin girma. Bugu da kari, an bada shawarar yin allurar riga-kafi a lokacin bazara, lokacin da kasa ta tarar akan bayonets 2 na felu. A wannan yanayin, dole ne ku bi wannan tsarin don haɗuwa da scion da stock:

  1. Seedaƙamar da ɗan graft ɗin ya zama iri ɗaya a tsayi da diamita.
  2. Kodan bacci bai dace da wannan dalilin ba.

Tare da wannan hanyar, yana yiwuwa a tabbatar da cewa shekarun tsufa da jari iri ɗaya ne.

Barci (ɓoye) ƙodan su ne waɗanda ba sa haɓaka da ƙayyadaddun lokaci kuma suna iyo tare da haushi, suna kasancewa cikin yanayin bacci.

Asalin hanyar shine kamar haka:

  1. Tona ciyawar mai shekaru 1-2 daga dusar ƙanƙara.
  2. Sanya hanyar tsere cikin ɓoye.

    An tattara hannun jari akan amfani da hanyar tsagewa

  3. Rufe seedling tare da bayyana kwalban filastik tare da sare da ke ƙasa.

    Bayan alurar riga kafi, an rufe seedling tare da kwalban filastik

  4. Don kada iska ta busa kwalban, ana yin ƙarin ƙarfafawa da bulo.

Bidiyo: inoculation na itacen apple a cewar Zhelezov

Raba maganin alurar riga kafi

Wannan hanyar maganin alurar riga kafi abu ne mai sauki kuma an ba da shawarar ga sabon mai son lambu. Apple za'a iya grafted cikin rarrabuwa a duk shekara, amma mafi yawan lokuta mafi dacewa shine har yanzu ana ɗaukar bazara da bazara, watau a lokacin kwararar ruwan itace, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga saurin rayuwa. Gaskiyar hanyar ita ce cewa an raba hannun jari tare da wuka mai ƙira kuma an saka scion a cikin fashewar sakamakon. A kan katako a cikin ƙananan sashin, ana yanka yanka guda biyu da farko. A reshen babban diamita, ana iya graft 2 ko fiye. Babban abu shi ne cewa cambial yadudduka na scion da stock suna hade a gefe ɗaya.

Alurar riga kafi a cikin tsagawa ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi sauƙi kuma ana bada shawara ga masu fara lambu

Yadda za a iska rigakafi a kan itacen apple

A matsayin abu mai ɗauri don alurar rigakafin, lambu suna amfani da abubuwa daban-daban: tef na lantarki, abubuwan tube na polyethylene, tef na alurar riga kafi, igiya. Koyaya, auduga ana ɗauka mafi kyawun kayan, guda biyu waɗanda suke cikin ciki tare da narke lambu var. Irin wannan iska yana dacewa da rudanin ciki, amma za'a iya amfani da tsoffin bandeji a wajen. Game da lambun var, ya fi kyau a yi amfani da wani abu mai ɗauke da rosin.

A matsayin kayan don rufe magungunan, mutane da yawa suna amfani da tef na lantarki, fim ɗin filastik ko tef na musamman

Wasu yan lambu suna amfani da kusoshi don gyara ganyen, amma yana da kyau kar a yi amfani da su, saboda ƙarin lalacewa ana haifar da itaciyar kuma adadin rayuwa yana ƙaruwa.

Wadanne bishiyoyi zan iya dasa bishiyar apple

Kasance da sanin kanku da hanyoyin yin rigakafi, yana da daraja la'akari da al'adun da zaku iya dasa bishiyar apple, wanda a wasu halaye na iya zama dacewa.

A kan pear

Babban dokar yin rigakafin ita ce mai zuwa: al'adun da ke da alaƙa suna kasancewa ne ta hanyar ma'amala mai kyau, i.e., itacen apple yana da mafi kyawun kafa akan apple fiye da guda pear ko wasu bishiyoyi. A lokaci guda, da yawa lambu sosai nasara dasa itacen apple a kan pear, kuma a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban (a tsaga, da haushi).

Bidiyo: grafting apple akan pear

A kan dutse ash

Duk da gaskiyar cewa itacen apple ba koyaushe ya ɗauki tushe a kan dutse na dutsen ba, mutane da yawa suna ci gaba da aiwatarwa har ma suna inganta wannan hanyar. Kuma akwai bayani mai ma'ana don wannan, kamar yadda tsaunin ash yana da halaye masu zuwa:

  • sanyi juriya;
  • unpretentiousness ga kasa;
  • ingancin 'ya'yan itacen ba ya tabarbarewa.

Bugu da kari, yana yiwuwa a sami amfanin gona da ya gabata kuma yalwatacce, saboda ana amfani da dutsen dutse a matsayin mai rauni. Tun da yake ripens a farkon Satumba, da apple iri iri dole ne kuma za a zabi daidai da. Zaka iya, alal misali, girka Belfer-Chinese ko Long (Sinanci).

Alurar riga kafi na itacen apple akan tudun dutse yana ba ka damar ƙara ƙoshin sanyi na itacen ba tare da asarar ingancin 'ya'yan itace ba

Alurar itacen apple itace

Dukda cewa an yarda dashi gaba daya cewa yakamata a dasa rumman a kan rumman, kuma ya kamata a lika 'ya'yan itaciyar dutse akan' ya'yan itace dutse, gwaje-gwajen na nuna yiwuwar banbancen. Akwai lokutan da yan lambu suka dasa bishiyar bishiyar apple akan bishiyar plum saboda rikicewa. Bayan gano kuskuren, sun yi mamaki cewa maganin ya samo tushe kuma ya ci gaba. Tunda itacen apple da plum suna cikin dangin Rosaceae, tsintsaye iri ɗaya suna da tushe. Koyaya, da gangan amfani da plum azaman kaya babban aiki ne. Gaskiyar ita ce plum yana da ɗan gajeren rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da itacen apple. Bugu da kari, tuffa mai kauri a kauri yawanci tana da kauri sama da harbin roba, wanda hakan ke haifar da fashewa a inda ake yin allurar. Kuma babu bayanai akan girbin. Saboda haka, alurar riga kafi nasara har yanzu ba alama ce ta amfanin gona mai zuwa ba.

A kan ceri

Cherry kuma cikin iyali Rosaceae kuma grafting wani itacen apple a kanta ya zama ainihin gaske. Amma, kamar yadda tare da plum, da ci gaba da aka graft graft ne quite matsala. Yiwuwar ceri zai ƙi maganin yana da yawa. Har yaushe ba a san tsawon lokacin da wannan zai faru ba. Zai yiwu, zai kuma kasa samun amfanin gona tare da wannan haɗin. Cherry kawai bazai iya tsayayya da rassan apple ba. Cherry a wannan batun ya fi whimikal fiye da ceri.

A kan hawthorn

Hawthorn a matsayin jari don itacen apple yana da kyau saboda ana shuka tsirrai. Alurar riga kafi za a iya yi tare da itace har zuwa 50 cm tsayi a tsawo na 50-60 cm daga ƙasa, kuma da kaka sami ingantaccen seedling. Godiya ga wannan jujjuyawar, yana yiwuwa a hanzarta shigar da itacen apple zuwa fruiting na shekara ɗaya ko fiye. Ana samun ma'amala tsakanin abu mai matukar dawwama kuma ba tare da lahani ba. Kyakkyawan ingancin hawthorn shine gaskiyar cewa shuka tana da tsarin tushen, wanda yake kusa da saman duniya. Sabili da haka, ana iya amfani dashi don dasa bishiyoyi 'ya'yan itace a cikin yankuna tare da babban matakin ruwan ƙasa.

Bidiyo: alurar hawthorn

Ga irga

An san Irga a matsayin jari mai ruwa, wanda akan iya dasa apples and pears. Don ci gaba da haɓaka, alurar rigakafin zai fi dacewa a tsawo na 15-20 cm daga ƙasa. Idan wurin tsagewar ya fi girma, dole ne a ɗauka a zuciya cewa Berry yana da rassa masu sassauƙa da na bakin ciki. Al’adu na tasowa ba tare da bambanci ba. Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarƙashin rassan apple, zai zama dole don maye gurbin props don guje wa fashewa.

Ana yin amfani da Irga azaman dwarf stock don grafting apple da pear

Don Quince

Za'a iya ɗaukar itacen apple ta kan kwasfa kawai a matsayin gwaji, tunda da alama itaciyar za ta ɗauki tushen sosai kuma ta fara ɗaukar 'ya'ya ba sosai ba. A mafi yawan lokuta, bayan shekaru 3-5, sashen alurar riga kafi kawai ya mutu.

A kan birch

Wani lokaci zaku iya jin bayani game da graft na itacen apple akan Birch. Sakamakon irin wannan tsallakewar zai iya zama mara kyau, kodayake I.V. Michurin da kansa ya yi nasara. A wannan yanayin, yana da daraja a bincika ko ana buƙatar irin wannan alurar rigakafi har ma a matsayin gwaji. Bayan haka, Birch itace ne mai tsayi kuma zai zama da wuya a sami 'ya'yan itace, idan ma,.

A kan viburnum

Duk da gaskiyar cewa wadataccen guelder-fure ya ba da itacen hunturu itacen apple, 'ya'yan itacen na iya zama ƙarami.

Bidiyo: grafting apple itace gurnani akan viburnum

A kan Aspen

Haɗin itacen itacen apple tare da Aspen, ceri tsuntsu da buckthorn teku za'a iya yi kawai don manufar gwaji. Idan itace tayi tushe, to tasirinsu zai yi karanci kuma mutum ba zai iya dogaro da kowane irin sakamako ba.

Siffofin yin rigakafi a wurare daban-daban na namo

Fasalin fasalin rigakafin bishiyoyin apple a yankuna daban-daban an rage su, a matsayin wata doka, zuwa lokacin aikin. Don haka, a kudu na kasar Rasha tsawon lokacin ciyayi ya fi na tsakiyar tsakiyar hanya. Za'a iya fara aiki tun farko - a farkon Maris. Yayyafa a cikin kaka kaka za a iya za'ayi kusan har zuwa farkon Nuwamba.

A cikin Kudancin ƙasar, dawo da dusar ƙanƙara don ƙone zai iya zama haɗari sosai fiye da na arewa, saboda yawan zafi.

Mataki na biyu na kwararar ruwan itace yana faruwa a farkon Yuli kuma yana kusan wata guda. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci a tuna da la'akari da cewa yanayin zafi da bushe, wanda yake a cikin kudu, ba a ba da shawarar don matakan rigakafin ba.

A tsakiyar layi, ana yin rigakafin bazara daga ƙarshen Afrilu zuwa farkon Mayu. Idan ana yin aikin ne a lokacin rani, to, zai fi kyau a aiwatar da shi a ƙarshen Yuli. Tunda motsin ruwan lemon ya daina aiki a tsakiyar watan Satumba, yakamata ayi magabatan kaka a kan kari.

Amma game da Siberiya da Urals, a cikin waɗannan yankuna mahimmin ma'anar don yin rigakafin bazara shine yanayin ƙasa. Idan za a iya haƙa shi akan wata maƙoƙin bayoneti, to wannan ya zama jagora don farkon kwararar ruwan itace a cikin itatuwan apple. Ana yin rigakafin rani a farkon watan Agusta. Tunda lokacin hunturu yana farawa da wuri a waɗannan yankuna, ɗaukar kaka ta zama da wuya. Koyaya, lokacin hunturu don hanya ana ɗaukarsa kyakkyawa.

Bayan karanta umarnin-mataki-mataki-biyu, duk gogaggen kuma mai son lambun zai iya yin allurar apple. Godiya ga wannan tsari, yana yiwuwa ba wai kawai don adana abubuwan ɓacin rai da haɓaka sabbin iri ba, har ma don kula da bishiyoyi da daidaita ingancin 'ya'yan itatuwa.

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