Echeveria - kulawa ta gida, haifuwa ta ganye da safa, nau'in hoto

Echeveria ko dutse ya tashi, kamar yadda ake kiranta kuma saboda kamannin waje kamar fure, - m succulent shuka wanda ba ya bukatar kulawa da yawa. Wuri mai cike da dumin ruwa mai kyau - waɗannan sune ainihin bukatun shuka. A cikin mayar da martani, zai kawo hamada mai zafi "zest" zuwa kowane ciki.

Yana da perennial succulent shuka daga iyali Tolstyankovye, yana da game da 150 jinsuna. Wurin haifuwa na Echeveria shine Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka.

Rosette, tare da diamita na 10 zuwa 40 cm, yayi kama da fure a siffar. Yana girma a hankali: a cikin shekara guda yakan fitar da sabon ganye da 'ya mace. Tushen tushen abu ne mai ƙanshin ƙasa. Ganyayyaki masu dimbin yawa sun kai tsawon 3-20 cm, faɗin 1-15 cm, suna da sihiri mai kyau tare da ƙarshen kaifi. Farantin takardar zai iya zama mai sheki ko dan kadan. Dangane da nau'in halitta, launin launi na ganye ne kore, mai haske-launin toka-shuɗi, mai launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda-ruwan hoda.

Dukiya mai amfani

Yana wadatar da iska tare da sinadarin ozone, iska ion da isashshen iska, yana haɓaka yanayin zafi, wanda ke inganta microclimate na ɗakin. Na haɓaka jan sauti. Yana haifar da yanayin kwantar da hankali a cikin gida ko ofis.

Yadda ake yin fure

Kwalliyar Echeveria a cikin shekaru 2-3 na rayuwa. Don motsa furanni, ya kamata a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 15-18 kuma ƙara tsawon lokacin sa'o'in hasken rana zuwa awa 12-13.

Bayan watanni 1.5-2, kibiya fure ya bayyana. Bayan haka, dan kadan ƙara ruwa kuma ku ciyar da fure tare da taki don tsire-tsire na fure.

Siffofin girma a gida. A takaice

Kula da echeveria a gida. Daki-daki

Kulawa da echeveria a cikin yanayin daki mai sauki ne kuma ba nauyi bane. Babban yanayin shine girmama shuka saboda raunin ganye tare da harsashi mai kariya na bakin ciki, wanda yake da sauƙin lalacewa. Sabili da haka, an rage girman duk wata hulɗa tare da furen.

Gudun ruwa

Yawancin nau'ikan echeveria fure a cikin bazara da bazara don makonni 2-4. Rosette yana samar da tsayi (har zuwa 70 cm) a kaikaice ko a tsaye tare da kararrawa masu matsakaici-furanni masu matsakaitaccen furanni waɗanda aka tattara cikin inflorescences.

Launin fure ya dogara da matakin hasken: a cikin haske mai haske - rawaya, cikin haske - ruwan lemo ko ja. Bayan fure, yara zasu iya kafawa a ƙarshen farfajiyar.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Itace tana son zafi. Matsakaicin zafin jiki a gareta a lokacin bazara shine digiri 20 zuwa 20, a cikin hunturu - digiri 10-15, amma ba ƙasa da 6. Don jinsunan da suka girma a cikin hunturu, ya kamata a kiyaye yawan zafin jiki a digiri 18-20.

Ganyen tsire yana da matukar damuwa ga sanyi da sanyi, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar su, yanayin fita yana haifar da fitina sosai.

Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci don kare dutsen da aka tashi daga iska mai sanyi lokacin yin iska a cikin hunturu.

Fesa

Cikin gida eheveria fi son low zafi, yana jin mai girma ko da a cikin yankin na aiki dumama kayan aiki. Saboda haka, fesawa ko wasu ƙasƙantar da iska ba ya buƙatar.

Haske

Kasancewa 'yar asalin jeji da hamada, tana buƙatar haske mai walƙiya, ba ta tsoron koda hasken rana kai tsaye. Mafi kyawun wuri shine taga sill wanda ke fuskantar kudu ko kudu maso gabas. Dankin zai iya jure ɗan ƙaramin shanyewa, duk da haka, a wannan yanayin, rosette zai shimfiɗa a tsayi.

A lokacin rani, ana bada shawara a fitar da shi cikin sabon iska: zuwa baranda ko kuma gonar, yayin kula da wuri mai kariya daga ruwan sama da iska.

Watse

Kasancewa mai nasara, echeveria yana buƙatar matsakaici har ma da rashin ruwa sosai. A lokacin rani, ƙasa tana daɗaɗɗa kamar sau 1 a mako guda bayan saman ƙasan ƙasa a cikin tukunya ya bushe 3-5 cm A cikin hunturu, ana rage yawan ruwa zuwa lokaci 1 a kowane wata.

Lokacin amfani da danshi, yana da mahimmanci don guje wa samun ruwa a cikin ganyayyaki kuma musamman cikin kanti - wannan ya cika da lalata. Bayan yin ruwa, zuba sauran ruwa a kwanon. Dokar ta zartar: yana da kyau kada a hau sama da zuba.

Don ban ruwa, ana amfani da ruwa mai ruwan sama na ɗakin zazzabi..

Wiwi

Tunda echeveria yana da tushen tushen na yau da kullun, yana buƙatar tataccen, amma ɗan tukunya. Yana da kyau duka fitilarsa ta zama 1.5-2 cm mafi girma daga diamita na shuka. Kasancewar ramuka na wajibi ne, in ba haka ba, sakamakon turɓayar danshi, Tushen zai fara jujjuyawa.

Kasar

Wurin echeveria yana buƙatar ƙasa mara ƙoshin abinci mai gina jiki tare da amsawar yashi. Cikakken kantin sayar da kayan maye don maye gurbin.

Idan mai yiwuwa ne ka shirya cakuda da kanka, zaka iya zaɓar ɗayan zaɓuɓɓukan:

• 2 sassan yashi, wani sashi na ganye da ƙasa turf;
• 2 sassan m yashi, 1 ɓangare na peat, 1 ɓangare na loamy ƙasa.

Don hana tushen tushe a cikin cakuda, zaka iya ƙara gawayi da aka murɗe.

A kasan ya zama dole a sa wani yanki na magudanar ruwa, wanda zai mamaye 1/3 na tukunya. A cikin ingancinta, za a iya amfani da pebbles, yumɓu mai yumɓu, tubalin da ya fashe, za a iya amfani da shards lãka.

Taki da taki

Echeveria baya buƙatar kayan miya na yau da kullun. Ya isa a lokacin girma (lokacin bazara da bazara) don ciyar da shi sau ɗaya a wata tare da hadadden takin gargajiya don succulents (cacti) a cikin rabin sashi.

Mineralsarancin ma'adanai na iya lalata tsarin tushen tsirrai.

Juyawa

An fi yin jigilar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mafi kyau a cikin bazara, a wannan lokacin zai fi sauƙi jure damuwa da sake ci gaba da sauri.

Samfurori na samari matasa ake jujjuya su a shekara, manya - kamar yadda ake buƙata, kowace shekara 3-4. Kowace bazara ana ba su shawara su canza saman.

Ana aiwatar da jujjuyawar a hankali sosai don rage lalacewar tsarin ɓarna da ganyayyaki.

Watering kafin dasawa ya kamata a rage shi zuwa dasa fure tare da busassun dunƙule na ƙasa.

Mai jan tsami

M ko wasu na musamman pruning na fure ba ya bukatar. Lokaci-lokaci, ana cire ƙananan ganye a bushe don adana bayyanar ado na shuka.

Idan bayan hunturu hanyar fita tayi tsayi da yawa, zaku iya datsa saman, barin wani “dungu” 3-4 cm .. Don haka echeveria zai sake sabuntawa, sababbin harbe zasu yi girma.

Lokacin hutawa

Yawancin nau'ikan suna da matsala a cikin hunturu. A wannan lokacin, dole ne a kiyaye shuka a cikin haske mai kyau kuma a zazzabi na digiri 8-15. Rage ruwa zuwa lokaci 1 na wata daya.

Zan iya barin ba tare da barin hutu ba?

Echeveria tsire ne mai matukar wuya. Sanya shi a kan taga mai haske mai haske da sakin ƙasa mai kyau sosai, zaku iya barin lafiya na tsawon makonni 2-3 ba tare da damuwa da lafiyar furen ba.

Kiwo

Echeveria yana yaduwa a gida ta manyan hanyoyi guda biyu: ganye da rosettes.

Yaduwa da ganyeveria ganye

Karamin ganye mai lafiya a hankali yana zuwa ya bushe a busasshiyar iska tsawon awanni 2-3. Sa'an nan a hankali ana matse ganye a cikin cakuda ƙasa don echeveria. Isasa tana daɗaɗɗiya daga kwalban feshi. Akwatin an rufe shi da polyethylene ko gilashi kuma a sanya shi cikin ingantaccen lit, mai dumi (digiri 25). Ana fitar da greenhouse a kullum kuma ana amfani da shi kamar yadda ya cancanta.

Bayan makonni 2-3, daya ko fiye yara ya bayyana a gindin ganye. Za'a iya dasa bishiyoyin matasa zuwa cikin tukwane na mutum lokacin da ganyen igiyar ciki ya bushe.

Sake bugun ta ta hanyar amfani da kayan abinci

An yanke mashin ko kuma apical tare da wuka mai kaifi. Ana cire ƙananan ganye a hankali. Ana fitar da matattarar ruwa a cikin iska na tsawon awanni 2-3, sannan a dasa shi a cikin ƙasa mai daɗaɗɗa don echeveria. Ana kiyaye shuka a zazzabi na 22-25. Yaro yakamata ya dasa a cikin wata daya.

Cutar da kwari

Ba da daɗewa ba kwari da cututtuka, wannan na iya faruwa wasu lokuta saboda rashin kulawa.

Anan ne manyan matsaloli da kuma musabbabin faruwar su:

• Yana juyawa ginin mafita - wuce haddi watering.
• Rawaya rawaya a cikin ganyayyaki - stagnation na ruwa a cikin ƙasa ko cutar fungal.
• Brown spots a cikin ganyayyaki eheveria cuta ce ta fungal.
• Ganyen ya zama mai laushi, ya yi launin rawaya ya fara jujjuyawa. - tururuwar danshi a tsakiyar fita.
• Miƙewa - karancin haske.
• Ɓataccen ɓataccen yanki - kasa isasshen ruwa.
• Bar ganye da mai tushe juya baki - temperaturearancin zafin jiki mara nauyi, ruwa na ƙasa.

Lokaci-lokaci shafi da gizo-gizo mite, aphids, mealybug.

Nau'in echeveria gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Echeveria m (Echeveria elegans)

Tana da kara mai kauri har zuwa 5 cm tsayi .. Tana sakin kwandon shara. Ganye mai haske mai haske tare da laushi mai laushi mai laushi yana da kamannin oblong. Zasu kai 6 cm tsayi kuma cm 1 nisa. Furanni masu ruwan shuɗi-ja tare da saman rawaya.

Echeveria nama (Echeveria carnicolor)

Matsakaici oblong ganye da ruwan hoda tint.

Echeveria glauca (Echeveria glauca)

Yana da ganyen dunƙu da launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da ruwan hoda mai kewaye da gefen. A cikin siffar sun yi kama da cokali. Lateral flower stalks murna tare da furanni orange tattara a cikin inflorescences.

Amiveria Black Prince

A matasan iri-iri tare da m launin ruwan kasa foliage. Girman daskararren waje ya kai cm 15 Furanni masu ruwan cakulan-ja ko lemo akan babban farfajiya.

Echeveria farin-gashi (Echeveria leucotricha)

Yana da ɗan hagu Girman diamita na waje yana zuwa cm 15. Lanceolate, convex daga baya, ganye suna da launi mai launin shuɗi tare da ƙarshen launin ruwan kasa. An rufe dukkanin farantin ganyen da farin farin tari. Tsawon Leaf - 6-10 cm, nisa - cm cm 1. A farfajiyar, har zuwa 50 cm tsayi, an tattara furanni masu launin ja-ruwan hoda a cikin inflorescences.

Echeveria m (Echeveria cika Lera)

Ana kallon wannan ra'ayi ta hanyar rashin fifiko. Iya kwandon shara yana fitar da lokacin farin ciki tare da kwandon shara a ƙarshensa. Farantin ganye, har zuwa 10 cm tsayi kuma har zuwa 4 cm faɗi, yana da launi mai launi-burgundy da kakin zuma mai ƙyalƙyali.

Echeveria Derenbergii

Tana da daskararru masu launuka masu yawa tare da girman ta har zuwa cm 6. Ganyayyaki masu launin shuɗi-kore tare da nasihun ruwan hoda suna da tsawon har zuwa 4 cm, faɗin har zuwa cm 2 Dogayen unaura (5-6 cm) tare da furanni masu ruwan shuɗi-fure suna bayyana daga saman sinus na ganyen.