Yaroslavna ne mai sanannen sanannen ceri iri-iri a cikin kudancin yankunan na Turai na Rasha da Ukraine. Kafin dasa shuki cherries, mai lambu yana buƙatar sanin halaye na iri-iri, ƙarfinsa da rauni, kazalika da mahimmancin namo da kulawa.
Kwatanta irin cherries Yaroslavna
A zaki ceri iri-iri Yaroslavna aka zaɓi daga rawaya Drogany seedlings girma a cikin muhalli na Melitopol iri da pollinated da su. An lissafta iri-iri a cikin Rijistar Jiha don Yankin Caucasus na Arewa a 1997. Itace mai tsayi-tsayi (tsayi gwargwadon bayanin Cibiyar Bincike ta Duk-Rasha don Ciwon 'Ya'yan itace), tare da kambi mai zagaye, mai kauri
Crown's Crown Yaroslavna - zagaye, matsakaici mai kauri
Lokacin yin girbi yana da wuri (bisa ga VNIISPK - matsakaici da wuri). Yawancin lokaci da berries ripen 'yan kwanaki bayan iri-iri Valery Chkalov. Yaroslavna blooms a farkon May tare da kananan fararen furanni. A iri-iri ne kai bakararre, saboda haka pollinators zama dole. Mafi kyawun sune:
- Valery Chkalov;
- Valeria;
- Donchanka;
- Donetsk kyau.
Da ɗan wahala, amma yarda:
- Aelita;
- Drogana rawaya;
- Donetsk ci;
- Melitopol da wuri;
- Icsabi'a
Dankin ya fara bada 'ya'ya 4-5 bayan dasawa. Yawan aiki yana da girma; yayin da yake shekara 10, har zuwa kilogiram 100 na waɗanda ake girbe daga bishiya ɗaya.
Itace da fure na fure sun kara bazara a lokacin sanyi. Itace tana da tsayayyar fari, tana da matukar kariya ga coccomycosis da matsakaici ga wasu cututtukan fungal.
A berries ne zagaye-nisa a cikin duhu ja launi. Matsakaicin matsakaici shine 6.7 g (bisa ga VNIISPK - 7-8 g, kuma wasu majiyoyin sun ba da rahoton Yaroslavna berries yana yin nauyi har zuwa 12 g). A ɓangaren litattafan almara shi ne m, mai dadi, matsakaici-mai yawa. Dandano mai dadi ne, kayan zaki. Theimar masu ɗanɗano shine maki 4.5 daga 5. Yawan bambancin suna cikin ƙungiyar rabin-bigroro, wanda ke ba shi kyakkyawan juriya ga fatattaka berries da babban safarar su. Dalilin 'ya'yan itacen shine na kowa da kowa.
An rarraba dukkanin cherries zuwa rukuni biyu: bigarro da gini. Tsohon suna da yawa, kintsattse ɓangaren litattafan almara, da berries kiyaye su siffar kuma kada ku yi laushi a cikin compotes. Na biyun suna da nama mai taushi da taushi, gajeriyar rayuwar shiryayye, rashin ɗaukar hoto. Ba su dace da aiki ba.
Berries na ceri Yaroslavna suna da siffar keɓaɓɓen tsari
Abvantbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani
Babban ab advantagesbuwan amfãni daga iri-iri:
- farkon balaga;
- babba da haɓaka aiki na yau da kullun;
- lokacin sanyi;
- fari haƙuri;
- rayarwa da wuri;
- kyakkyawan ɗanɗano na berries;
- duniya amfani;
- kyakkyawan jigilar kaya;
- juriya da fatattaka;
- tsayayya da coccomycosis.
Rashin dacewar ba ta da ƙaranci:
- rashin kai na kansa;
- rashin rigakafi ga cututtukan fungal;
- babban itace girma da in babu samuwar.
Dasa cherries
Tsarin dasa shuki mai tsabta Yaroslavna yana ƙarƙashin ka'idoji na gaba ɗaya ga bishiyoyin wannan amfanin gona.
Brief mataki-mataki-mataki koyarwa:
- Zaɓin wuri. Dole ne ya cika waɗannan buƙatu:
- Kyakkyawan hasken (an yarda da ƙarancin penumbra).
- Kariya daga iska mai sanyi da kwarkwata.
- Matakin ƙasa - ba ya wuce 3 m.
- Babu tururuwar danshi.
- Areasa ta kasance loamy, yashi loam, chernozems.
- Acidity na ƙasa yana kusa da tsaka tsaki.
- Tsarin saukowa - 3.5-4 m tsakanin layuka da 3-3.5 m tazara a jere.
- Kwanan ƙasa. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, zaku iya dasa shuki a cikin bazara (Oktoba - tsakiyar Nuwamba), kuma a farkon lokacin bazara kafin kumbura suka yi yawu. A cikin yankuna na arewacin, an fi son shuka shuki.
- Ana shirya ramin rami makonni 2-3 kafin a dasa shuki. Idan an shirya shi don bazara, to, zai fi kyau a shirya rami a faɗo. Shin shi kamar haka:
- Tono rami zuwa zurfin 80 cm tare da diamita na 80-100 cm.
- Za a shimfiɗa daskararren dutse (yumɓu mai yumɓu, tubalin da ya fashe, da sauransu) a ƙasa don tabbatar da magudanar ruwa.
An saka wani magudanar ruwa a kasan ramin sauka.
- Ramin ya cika da ƙura tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Kuna iya amfani da ƙasa baƙar fata, kwayoyin halitta (humus, takin), peat da yashi daidai gwargwado.
- Kafin dasa, Tushen seedling suna soaked tsawon awanni cikin ruwa.
- A tsakiyar ramin, sun haƙa rami na wannan girman wanda Tushen seedling ya shiga ciki, suka samar da karamin tudu.
- An saukar da dutsen seeding a cikin rami, yana yada tushen tare da gangara daga cikin mots.
- Sun cika ramin da ƙasa, suna ɗaure shi da yadudduka. A wannan yanayin, bai kamata a binne tushen wuya - yana da kyau a sanya shi 3-5 cm sama da ƙasa.
Dole ne a binne tushen wuyan seedling lokacin dasa shuki
- A kusa da itacen samar da akwati.
- An shayar da ciyawar sosai sau da yawa har sai ruwan ya ƙoshi gaba ɗaya (wannan yana tabbatar da madaidaicin abin da ya dace da ƙasa zuwa ga asalinsu).
- Ana amfani da ƙasa don rage ɗumbin danshi, hana samuwar ɓoyayyen ƙasa kuma samar da iskar iska zuwa tushen.
Bayan ruwa, yana da kyau a ciyawa kasar gona
- An yanka seedling zuwa tsawo na 0.85-0.9 m, kuma duk rassan (idan akwai) sun rage 50%.
Fasali na namowa da kuma laifofin kulawa
Yaroslavna mai laushi mai ban sha'awa shine wanda ba a iya fassara shi ba don barin. Kamar kowane itaciya, tana buƙatar shayarwa, kayan miya da kuma girki. Gabaɗaya, duk waɗannan abubuwan da suka faru ba su da alamun fasalin halitta, saboda haka ba za mu dogara da su ba. A cikin ƙarin daki daki zamu taɓa cropping. Tun da itacen iri-iri yana da babban ƙarfin haɓaka, nau'i mai dacewa don kambi shine ƙyallen-ƙyalli. Ka’idojin wannan samuwar:
- An dauki matakin farko yayin saukarwa - an datse mai jagoran tsakiya.
- A farkon lokacin bazara na shekara ta gaba bayan dasa, an kafa matakin farko na itacen. Don yin wannan:
- A kan akwati, zaɓi kyawawan harbe guda 2-3 (za su zama rassan kwarangwal) waɗanda suka cika yanayin:
- Shootanƙarar ƙirar yana kasancewa a nesa na 30-40 cm daga ƙasa.
- Harbe girma a cikin daban-daban kwatance.
- Nisa tsakanin su shine 10-15 cm.
- Dukkanin buds da ke ƙasa harbin farko da aka zaɓa makafi ne.
- Rassan, ban da waɗanda aka zaɓa azaman kwarangwal, an yanke su "cikin zobe".
- Hagu harbe yana gajarta da 30-40%.
- An yanke babban injin a tsayi na 10-15 cm sama da tushe na reshe na sama.
- A kan akwati, zaɓi kyawawan harbe guda 2-3 (za su zama rassan kwarangwal) waɗanda suka cika yanayin:
- Bayan shekaru 1-2 (kuma a farkon lokacin bazara), ana yin rukuni na biyu na kwarangwal kwarangwal a wannan hanyar.
- Bayan wata 1-2, ana yin rukuni na uku - yawanci yana kunshe da reshe ɗaya.
- An datse mai jagoran tsakiya akan gindin reshen reshe.
An yanke Cherry Yaroslavna saboda ana samun kambi mai ƙyalli-tier
Duk sauran abubuwan da za a yi amfani da su (sanitary, thinning, rejuvenation) ana aiwatar dasu bisa ga ka'idojin da aka saba.
Bidiyo: yadda za'a kula da cherries
Kwaro da Cututtuka
Wannan ba a ce Yaroslavna sau da yawa yana fama da cututtuka da mamayewa na kwari. Idan mai gonar ya samu gogewa, to ya kan yi da sauri kuma a kai a kai yana aiwatar da matakan kariya na rage kwayar wadannan matsalolin.
Tebur: matakan kariya daga cututtuka da kwari na cherries
| Lokaci | Abubuwan da suka faru | An samu sakamako |
| Oktoba - Nuwamba | Bayan faduwar ganye, ana tattara ganyayyaki da suka fadi sannan aka ƙone su. | Halakar spores na fungi da wintering karin kwari. |
| Gano yiwuwar lalacewar cortex kuma, idan akwai, kula da jiyya. Don yin wannan, ana yanke su cikin itace mai lafiya, bayan wannan ana bi da su da maganin 5% na sulfate na jan karfe, sannan sai a shafa rufin kariya na putty ko varnish lambu. | Yin rigakafin baƙar fata da cutar daji ta al'ada, gummosis, cytosporosis. | |
| Fusoshin da rassan an zubar da su tare da maganin lemun tsami ko zanen lambu. | Yin rigakafin kunar rana a jiki da sanyi. | |
| Nuwamba - Disamba | Tona ƙasa a kusa da itacen har zuwa zurfin bayoneti na shebur, juya kan yadudduka na duniya. | Karin kwari wintering a cikin ƙasa ana cire zuwa farfajiya, sakamakon abin da suka mutu daga sanyi. |
| Fabrairu - Maris | Ana fesa harbe da gangar jikin tare da magungunan kashe qwari ta duniya (DNOC, Nitrafen, maganin 5% na sulfate na jan karfe ko ruwa na Bordeaux). | Yin rigakafin cututtukan fungal da kwari. |
| Ofarshen Afrilu - Mayu | Uku ana yin abubuwa guda uku tare da cakuda tankin Horus da Decis:
|
Masifa tana barazanar cakulan Yaroslavna mai zaki
Idan saboda wasu dalilai ba a aiwatar da rigakafin ba ko bai bayar da sakamakon da ake so ba, to ba a cire wasu cututtukan fungal da hare-hare na kwaro:
- Moniliosis. A cikin bazara, alamun cutar na iya gano cutar - ganye da ya shafa, furanni da harbe suna kama da wuta. Bayan samun irin wannan alamun, ya kamata a yanke harbe mai cuta, yayin ɗaukar sashin lafiya mai tsawon 10-20 cm tsayi. Bayan wannan, ana ta yayyafa cherries tare da fungicides (Horus, Abiga-Peak, Skor).
A lokacin rani, moniliosis yana shafar berries na cherries da cherries, waɗanda aka rufe da tabo na launin toka mai ruɗi
- Kleasterosporiosis (tabo mara nauyi). An kafa ƙananan ramuka tare da launin shuɗi-launin shuɗi akan faranti na ganye. Idan ba a kula da su ba, ganyen zai bushe ya faɗi da wuri, fasa, da kuma cakuda gum. Jiyya ta ƙunshi cire ganye da suka shafa da kuma magance tare da fungicides.
Alamar kamuwa da cuta tare da kleasterosporiosis shine samuwar a kan ganyen ramuka tare da diamita na 5-7 mm
- Cherry tashi. Anyan farkon areanyen cherries ba su iya kamuwa da cutar daga ƙwaryar ceri, kamar yadda suke yawanci suna fitowa daga ƙwai bayan girbi. Ba za a iya magance matsalar ta hanyar aiwatar da matakan kariya ba. Magunguna na 2-3 (daya kafin fure, sauran bayan fure tare da tazara tsakanin makonni 1-1.5) ta maganin kwari rage haɗarin lalacewa. Mafi yawanci ana amfani da su Decis, Fitoverm, Spark.
Larvae na ceri tashi ciyar a kan berries na ceri
- Kauyan Kaya. A farkon bazara, gwoza ta fara cin yara ganye, ganye, harbe. Bayan dabbar ta hanyar canjin, mace ta sanya kwanansu a cikin buds, wanda sune pre-yanke. Da safe a zafin jiki na 5-7game daC weevils zauna a kan rassan a cikin daze. Kuna iya yada fim a karkashin ceri kuma girgiza su daga rassan. A lokaci guda, ana yayyafa bishiyoyi da kwari.
Cherry weevil larvae ciyar a kan nama na berries da kwaya kernels
Nasiha
A cikin yanayin Kharkov yankin (tare da m wintering na zaki da cherries), Yaroslavna ne rarrabe ta barga yawan amfanin ƙasa na farko-girma duhu ja 'ya'yan itãcen marmari. Wataƙila saboda mata kyawawan pollinators sune Donchanka, Donetsk kyau, Valery Chkalov da Valeria - nau'ikan lokuta ana samun su a cikin gidajen lambuna na Yukren. Hardness na hunturu - a matakin rawaya na launin shuɗi, babban juriya ga fatattakar 'ya'yan itace. Talaka mai son lambu an ruɗe shi da lokacin bunƙasa - tsakiyar-farkon (kuma yawancin suna son farkon!).
MAR, Kharkov
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11173&page=3
A wannan shekara, ya fara ɓullo a watan Yuni 6-7, a baya fiye da da. Berry yana da kyau kuma yana da daɗi. Don kwatantawa, V. Chkalov ya faskara gaba daya, kodayake ya balaga mako daya a baya.
* iya *, Kiev
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11173&page=3
Daga cikin nau'ikan 10 da na riga na ba da 'ya'ya, Yaroslavna shine mafi kyau dangane da tsarin halaye. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna kama da V. Chkalov, amma tastier. Yana da har ma da Poles. Alurar riga kafi a kan overgrown cherries na Vladimir 2 da suka wuce. Tare da haɓaka na 1.5 m, amfanin gonar ya kai kimanin kilogiram 2.5. Lokacin da tsuntsayen suka fara nike, sai ya rufe shi da labulen tulle. Ya taimaka. Ba su ba da cikakke ba, suka ci.
ivanlevin, Belgorod yankin
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=11173
Ina matukar son Yaroslavna, iri ne mai tsayayya don fatattaka, zuwa coccomycosis da fruita rotan itace, da kuma lokacin hunturu-Hardy. zafi resistant da fari resistant. Yana iya zama ɗan ƙarami, amma ɗanɗano, lokacin da aka farfado, yana da kyau kwarai.
zaki da ceri, Donetsk
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=351&page=199
Jerin dama na falalan iri-iri mai daɗin ciko Yaroslavna ya sa ya yi kyau don haɓaka cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu. Hakanan zai zama mai ban sha'awa ga manoma saboda kyakkyawan jigilar sabbin berries, kyakkyawan ingancin kayayyakin gwangwani, da kuma rashin itacen.
