Asiri na Citrus: yadda ake shuka lemun tsami, lemo da bishiyoyi

• Nau'i: Citrus
• Lokaci na Gudanarwa: Disamba, Janairu, Fabrairu, Maris
• Girma: 50-1200cm
• Launi: Orange, Rawaya, Fari
• Perennial
• Gwanaye
• Rana soyayya
• Soyayya

Lemun tsami, lemo mai zaki da ganyayyaki tare da manyan furanni da fruitsa wateringan bakin ruwa koyaushe suna zama mafi mahimmancin harshe na kowane lambun. Amma, abin takaici, ba sa yin girma a cikin yanayin Rasha a ƙarƙashin sararin samaniya - kawai a cikin greenhouses da a gida. Amma a ina ne irin waɗannan itatuwan suke fitowa daga lambunan Rasha a lokacin rani? Kawai a cikin gida a cikin ƙasa ko a cikin gida yana yiwuwa a shuka kyakkyawan itacen Citrus mai tsayi mita ɗaya da rabi! A lokacin rani, saka a gonar kuma ku more manyan furanni masu ban sha'awa, waɗanda masu zanen shimfidar wuri na zamani suna shirye don ba da yawa. Dole ne ku yarda cewa duk wani lambu ya ƙunshi tsire-tsire 90%, kowane ɗayan yana da lokacinsa. Haka ne, a cikin yanayin Rasha, itacen Citrus shine adon adon da yake ado na lambu, amma menene!

Yadda za a shuka itace ainihin tangerine?

A cikin cigaban sa, itaciyar tangerine bazai zama mai tsananin wari ba. Babban abu shine a samar masa da dumbin hasken rana, kuma dukkan awanni 12 a rana duk shekara. Saboda haka, idan kuna son shuka itace kyakkyawar halitta, zaku buƙaci ƙarin haske mai zurfi akan maraice lokacin sanyi. Wasu asirin ƙwararru ma zasu taimaka.

Mandarin Bambancin Zabi

Kuma yanzu bari mu gano kadan tare da iri:

• Unshiu sanyi ne mai jurewa mai matukar tasiri iri-iri. Za ku sami karamin itace, tare da yalwar kambi na rassan na bakin ciki, kuma tare da ganyen. Wannan mandarin yana girma da sauri kuma yana ba da kyakkyawan sakamako. Kuma idan har yanzu kuna haɗuwa da fitilar wucin gadi, abubuwa za su yi kyau.
• Shiva-Mikan itaciyar itace ce mai tangerine tare da babban ganye mai duhu. Yana fure kuma yayi girma da sauri.
• Yawancin zuma shine nau'in rarest iri-iri tare da tangerines mai zaki sosai.
• Kuma mandarin Kovane-vasse shine mafi tsayi, amma don amfanin gida. Ga lambun - wancan ne!

Dubi abin da bishiyoyi Citrus masu ban mamaki suke girma tare da zaɓin da ya dace iri:

Dace iri mai kyau

Don haka, mataki na farko shine samun tsaba ga itacen da ke cikin tangerine nan gaba. A saboda wannan dalili, 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke daga shagon suna da kyau: ɗauki aƙalla 10 na waɗannan tsaba. Moreari, mafi kyau: wataƙila ku sani cewa duk wani abu mai shuka ba ya tsiro 100%.

Mataki na biyu: ba kasusuwa ƙyanƙyashe. Don yin wannan, suna buƙatar danshi. Kunsa ƙasusuwan a cikin murfin m kuma bar don kwanaki da yawa. Gauze, bi da bi, ba zai ba da izinin danshi ya ƙaura da sauri ba, kuma a lokaci guda, kasusuwa zasu “numfasa”.

Yanzu shirya ƙasa. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce siyar da ita a shagon furanni, ana kiranta "na musamman don 'ya'yan lemun tsami", ko kuma mirgine hannayenku kuma kuyi abinci mai gina jiki akan kanku. Kawai haɗa takarda turfy ƙasa tare da takin ko ɗanɗano humus a cikin sassan daidai yake. Babban abu shine babu peat a cikin ƙasar ku.

Karin bayanai:

Yanzu zaku iya dasa kasusuwa da suka lalace a cikin wannan ƙasa. Amma ku yi haƙuri: farkon tsiro zai bayyana daga makonni 3 zuwa ɗaukacin wata, saboda mandarin yana haɓaka a hankali kuma daga lokaci zuwa lokaci kuma ya daina yin girma bisa ga wasu dokokin nazarin halittu waɗanda ba a san mu ba.

Yawancin danshi

Itace Tangerine tana son danshi, kuma a lokacin rani dole ne a shayar da ita (amma ba ambaliyar ba). Kuma a cikin hunturu, yawan danshi ya kamata a rage, yayin da tabbatar da cewa ƙasa ba ta bushewa. Bayan haka, ana buƙatar '' 'ya'yan itatuwa' nan gaba 'kamar yadda suke faɗi.

Don rama don bushewar iskar gida, yana da kyau a fesa ganyen mandarin da ruwa mai tsafta (ko kuma tace) kullun.

Neat dashi

Lokacin da itacen Tangerine ya girma, motsa shi zuwa tukunya mafi girma. Lokacin ingantacce shine Fabrairu-Maris. Irin wannan shuka yakamata a watsa shi ta hanyar jingina shi don ya kiyaye ƙasan dunƙulelen da baya lalata tushen saiti.

Bayan 'yan makonni bayan dasawa, lokacin da itacen zai iya saba da sabon wuri kuma yana wuce abin da ake kira "rashin lafiyar gida", tsarin tushen zai fara girma da ƙwazo. Haka kuma, a cikin dukkan lokacin bazara-bazara, mandarin zai sami maki da yawa na haɓaka mai aiki, a cikin abin da za'a buƙaci ciyar da shi tare da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai, sau ɗaya a kowane mako 1-2. Ganyen shayi da aka yi amfani da su musamman zai iya jin daɗin ganyen shayi - kawai a haƙa shi cikin ƙasa.

A sakamakon haka, godiya ga kokarinku, zaku dasa itace mai kyau har tsayin mita daya da rabi. Aturearamin, kyakkyawa kuma musamman mai haske yayin fruiting. Kuma a lokacin lokacin furanni, itace na tangerine yana gudana tare da furanni don haka ba zai yiwu a kula da shi ba!

Yadda za a yi girma farkon bishiyar lemun tsami cikakke?

Lemun tsami itace bishiyar peren shekara, tare da ƙaya akan rassan da kyawawan ganye kore mai duhu. Of musamman darajar zane yanki ne kawai ganyen lemun tsami, tare da launuka m da kyakkyawan halaye na ado. Kyakkyawan ado ga kowane lambu!

Lokacin da aka watsa shi zuwa cikin ƙasa, lemun tsami da sauri ya kai tsayin sama da 5 mita. Amma, idan kun shuka shi kawai a gida, kuma ku bar shi kawai a gonar a rana don bazara, to, zai kai '' mita '' 2 kawai.

Wani darajar itacen lemun tsami don ƙirar ƙasa shine cewa zai iya yin fure sau da yawa a cikin shekara - a lokacin bazara, bazara da damuna. Furanninta suna da kyau musamman: dusar ƙanƙara-fari, tare da launi mai kakin zuma kuma da ƙanshin mai daɗi. Kuma abin mamaki ne cewa a lokaci guda akan bishiya daya za'a iya samun furanni masu kamshi, da ganyayyaki kore, harda 'ya'yan itaciyar. Haka kuma, lemongrasses na iya rataye a jikin rassan iyayen har zuwa shekaru 2, a lokaci-lokaci suna zama kore ko rawaya.

Kuma girma wannan mu'ujiza ta yanayi ba ta wahala:

Zabi mai kyau iri-iri

Da farko dai, fara shuka itacen lemo don lambun ku, kuna buƙatar zaɓi iri-iri - kuma akwai kusan 900 daga cikinsu! Daga cikin nau'ikan wannan tsiron Citrus na bishiyoyi akwai wadanda suke girma gabaɗaya a cikin tsibiran ƙasa da ƙananan kwari, akwai kuma waɗanda suke jin daɗin girma a cikin rufin rufewa. Kuma yana da mahimmanci don tsammani!

• Pavlovsky lemun tsami ya girma zuwa mita 2. Kuma kamar bukatar tushen da cuttings a karkashin gilashin kwalba, sa'an nan kuma dashi cikin tukwane. Haka kuma, wannan lemun tsami ya fi dacewa da rayuwa a gida ko a lokacin hunturu, kuma yana fure a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku sannan kuma ya fara bada 'ya'ya.
• Lemun tsami na Meyer zai yi fure shekara-shekara, kodayake zai kasance dwarf. Amma kyakkyawan zagaye kambi na shi ne amenable hanyar samuwar. Gaskiya ne, akwai ƙaya da yawa akan rassan wannan lemun tsami.
• An samo Novogruzinsky lemun tsami tare da kambi mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi da ƙayayuwa mai yawa. Zai ɗan ɗanɗana bayan lemo Pavlovsky kaɗan, amma girbi mai santsi zai bambanta shi.
• Amma lemun tsami na Lisbon ya bambanta saboda yana jure zafin zafin jiki ba tare da wata matsala ba.

Anan ne yadda bishiyar lemo mai ban mamaki ke girma:

Shiri don saukowa

Da zaran kun fitar da tsaba daga lemun tsami, nan da nan za ku fara dasawa, in ba haka ba za'a rasa kamannin kowane sa'a. Bayan haka sai a yi kowane abu bisa ga wannan umarni:

• Mataki 1. Na farko, kurkura tsaba a ƙarƙashin ruwa mai gudu kuma bushe a kan windowsill akan takarda.
• Mataki 2. Na gaba, sa su a kan Layer na m auduga domin tsaba ƙara. Haka kuma, auduga ulu zai kuma buƙatar a jika shi lokaci-lokaci.
• Mataki na 3. Takeauki kwalban filastik ka yanke wuya. Yi ma'aurata biyu a kasan.
• Mataki 4. Cika kwalban filastik da ƙasa, zuba kaɗan kuma dasa shuki zuwa zurfin 2 zuwa 4 santimita.
• Mataki na 5. Yanzu, sau ɗaya a kowace kwana biyu, zubo ruwa mai kyau.
• Mataki na 6. Lokacin da itacen lemun tsami ya kai tsayin santimita 10-15, a watsa shi cikin tukunya mai ƙasa ɗaya. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tushen tsarin ba'a tilasta shi a ciki ba.

A cikin ƙarin daki-daki zaku ga yadda ake gudanar da karatun a mahimmin aji:

Amma, abin takaici, lemun tsami da kuka girma daga zuriya zai fara bada 'ya'ya kawai na tsawon shekaru 12-15. Abin da ya sa ya ba da ma'ana don samun saro ko fure riga daga itacen 'ya'yan itace, kuma dasa su a kan shuka. Kuma lemun tsami zai kasance a shirye don yin rigakafi lokacin da kazaran gangar jikinsa ya kai millimita 80.

An nuna duk wannan a cikin bidiyon:

Muhimmancin ƙasa mai dacewa

Abin takaici, yanayi ba sabon abu bane lokacin da aka sayi shuki ko da a shahararren kantin sayar da kamfanin, kuma bayan sati daya lemon ya mutu. Abin da ya sa yana da matukar muhimmanci a zaɓi ƙasa mai kyau da farko.

Ilasa don itacen lemun tsami kuna buƙatar daidaita tsari da wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki. Girke-girke iri ɗaya ne na itacen Tangerine. Amma kula da yawan zafin jiki: a -5-6 ° ganye ya mutu a lemun tsami, a -7-8 ° kambi ya lalace, kuma a debe -8-9 ° bishiyar ta riga ta mutu. Sabili da haka, don hunturu itacen lemun tsami, kuna buƙatar zazzabi tsakanin + digiri 15-18 ° zafi.

Lokacin ɗaukar 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan lemo zuwa gonar a lokacin rani, sanya shi a ƙarƙashin kambi na ɗan'uwan da ya fi girma: itacen apple ko buckthorn teku, kuma dangi zuwa maki iri ɗaya. Tabbas, ba za a sanya itacen lemo a cikin wani wuri mai buɗe ido ba - ganye zai ƙone.

Ga kyakkyawan misali game da kulawa ta dace da itacen lemon tsami:

A daidai zazzabi watering

Hakanan zaka iya shuka itace lemo daga ganyen, wanda ya fara fure a shekara ta uku bayan dasa shuki:

• Mataki 1. A farkon lokacin bazara, ɗauki cuttings tare da ganye huɗu zuwa biyar.
• Mataki na 2. Riƙe wannan itace a cikin raunin bayani na potassium permanganate kuma rufe yanke tare da murhun gawayi.
• Mataki na 3. Cire ganye na ƙasa, yana barin uku kawai.
• Mataki 4. Na gaba, dasa itace a cikin yashi kogin rigar.
• Mataki 5. Rufe tare da gilashi ko jaka kuma sanya a wuri mai duhu.

Ga yadda:

Babban abu shine a tabbatar da cewa kasar gona tana da danshi. Idan kwalalin ruwa suka bayyana a jikin bangon can, to, saiwoyin ya fito da ciyawar. Kuma da zaran shuka ya dauki tushe (duba wannan ta hanyar cire ciyawar a saukake), dauke shi zuwa wutar da cire kwalbar.

A cikin hunturu, kuna buƙatar shayar da itacen lemun tsami sau ɗaya ko sau biyu a mako, kuma a lokacin rani - kowace rana, amma kaɗan. Haka kuma, ruwan dumi, digiri 2-3 sama da yawan zafin jiki. Idan ka zuba shi mai sanyi ko danshi, shuka ba zai so shi. Tabbas, wannan shine capriciousness na itacen lemun tsami, wanda baya son duka rashin danshi da wuce haddi. Gardenerswararrun lambu sun san asirin mai rikitarwa guda ɗaya: matsa tukunya da abun katako. Idan busawa suna da ƙarfi, ƙasa ta riga ta bushe, kuma idan ba ta da ji, har yanzu akwai danshi.

Har yanzu kuna buƙatar kunna itacen lemun tsami a kan windowsill, saboda masu siyar ba su gaya muku a can ba. Duk wannan don yin kyakkyawan kambi, in ba haka ba za a sami haske da ganyen inuwa waɗanda ba za su ƙara dacewa da tsarin shimfidar lambun lambunku na rani ba.

Babban launi na ganyen bishiyar lemun tsami shima babban miya yana shafawa. Don haka, daga Maris zuwa Satumba, sau ɗaya a kowane mako 1-2, ciyar da tsironku tare da taki ko digo. A lokacin lokacin fruiting, yin wannan kowace rana 10, kuma wannan lokacin ba zaɓi ga hadadden takin mai ma'adinai.

Samuwar kyakkyawan kambi

Asiri mai ban sha'awa na gaba: samar da kambi na gaba na lemun tsami yana da sauki akan tushen sa. Bayan duk, tushen tsarin hoto ne na madubi na kambi. Sabili da haka, sanya lemun tsami a cikin tukunyar sifar da kake son ganin kambin sa.

A cikin bazarar karamin shuka na santimita 20 a santimita, kuna buƙatar datsa saman, kuma ku bar fakitoci 5-6 saboda su ba da harbe a kaikaice. Kuma a cikin Maris-Afrilu, datsa wannan bishiyar ta cire tsoffin bushe da harbe, har da waɗanda suke ƙoƙarin haɓaka zuwa kambi, kuma ba daga gare ta ba.

Kuma daya mafi muhimmanci aya. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, itacen lemun tsami ya zama mara nauyi: yawanci kowane shekaru 2-3. A wannan lokacin, yana ba da ƙananan siginar sa, yana tashi sama da matakin ƙasa kuma yana kawo tushen ramin magudanar ruwa. Don haka, lokaci ya yi da za a dasa bishiyar a cikin tukunyar da ta fi girma. Yana da kyau a yi wannan har zuwa tsakiyar watan Fabrairu, yayin da sabbin harbe-harbe ba su fara girma ba. Kuma ka da a zuciya cewa ɗan itacen lemon tsami tuni ya fi kyau a cikin ƙasa mai haske, amma a cikin ƙasa mai nauyi, maras sako. Kuna iya samun shi da kanka ta hanyar haɗa ɗayan ɓangaren ƙasa mai ganye, ɓangare na yashi da kuma wani ɓangare na humus, bugu da addingari yana haɗa da yumɓu zuwa irin wannan ƙasa.

Taimakawa Pollination

Wani sirrin samun itacen lemon tsami na gaske shine ka fitar dashi! Ee, tsire-tsire ne mai cin gashin kansa, amma har yanzu yana da furanni maza tare da pollen kawai. Tattara irin wannan pollen tare da swab auduga kuma ku kawo shi cikin farjin, wanda ya kasance babba kuma mai sananne.

A lokacin rani, tabbatar da ɗaukar lemun tsami cikin gonar, kuma zai zama sifa mai ban sha'awa na ƙirar ƙasa. Kuma a cikin hunturu, shirya ƙarin haske: fitila mai haske ko fitila na Reflax, a nesa na santimita 10 daga manyan ganyen bishiyar.

Yadda za a yi girma itacen orange tare da kyakkyawan kambi?

Itace Orange itace ainihin gano don ƙirar shimfidar wuri na kowane lambu. Yana da kyau, tare da fata mai launin fata da kyawawan 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Dace iri mai kyau

Zaku iya girma wannan bishiyar daga zuriyar talakawa:

• kurkura fitar da tsaba a cikin ruwan dumi;
• jiƙa na 12 hours;
• tono ƙyanƙyalen ƙwayayen a cikin ƙasa, zuwa zurfin 1 santimita a ƙarƙashin fim.

Ana iya yin wannan a ƙarshen hunturu ko farkon bazara:

Lokacin da kake kula da shuka mai girma, kar ka manta cewa itatuwan orange 'yan asalin mazaunan yankin ne. Ba sa son zayyanawa, amma suna ƙaunar da yawa daga hasken rana kai tsaye kuma suna ɗaukar nauyi ga iska da ƙasa.

Game da zaɓi na ƙasa don orange, muna ba da shawarar ku kalli bidiyon:

Yawan haske da zafi

Dole orange ya sami haske mai yawa da zafi - wannan shine ainihin abin da ake buƙata. Idan kun kula da itacen orange sosai, yana girma da sauri kuma yana faranta tare da kyakkyawan kambi. Amma, idan kuna son kyawawan itacen ku don bada 'ya'ya a kan lokaci, ku mai da hankali ga onawan kore a jikin kwalin: idan sun kasance mai ƙarfi tuni da shekara ɗaya, kun haɗu da wata ciyawar daji wadda' ya'yan itacensu ba su da amfani. Sannan ya kamata ku aiwatar da maganin alurar riga kafi.

A gida, bishiyar Orange mai ciyawar za ta fara fitar da 'ya'ya 6 bayan zuriya. Abin da za a iya hanzartawa idan kun sanya hunturu ta zama ruwan lemo a zazzabi na +2 zuwa +5, iyakance yawan ruwa da kuma kayan miya.

Ciyarwa mai kyau da kuma shayarwa

Don tsire-tsire, tukunya mai kafa tare da diamita game da santimita 10 ya dace sosai. Babban abu ba shine don ba da izinin zafi a cikin ɗakin ya kasance ƙasa da 40% ba - in ba haka ba shuka zai sauke ganye. Kuma ba za ku iya shayar da itacen ora tare da ruwa mai gudu tare da chlorine - kawai distilled, mai zafi zuwa 25-30 digiri Celsius.

Ciyar da bishiyar orange mai tsami a cikin lita 10 na ruwa tare da gram 20 na ammonium nitrate, 25 grams na superphosphate da 15 grams na potassium salts. Sau hudu a shekara, ana amfani da sulfate baƙin ƙarfe a miya ta, kuma sau ɗaya a wata yakan shayar da itacen ora tare da mafita na daskararren potassium - domin ganyen yana da launi mai ɗorewa.

Wajibi ne a dasa shuka mai girma ta hanyar hanyar jingina, tare da daskararwar ƙurar dunƙule. A farkon lokacin bazara mai zafi, ɗauki bishiyar ku zuwa gonar, yayin kare shi da kyau daga zafin rana.

Oxygenarin oxygen!

Dukkanin itacen Citrus kadan ne a cikin kulawarsu, kuma kowa yana kaunar sa yayin da aka wadatar da tsarin tushensu da iskar oxygen. Sabili da haka, don haɓakar itacen orange, muna bada shawara cewa kayi amfani da manyan katako na katako ko tukwane.Sabili da haka cewa a cikin wani hali ba mold bayyana, tabbatar da bi da su ciki na ciki tare da blowtorch.

Hakanan, duk bishiyoyin Citrus suna buƙatar magudanar ruwa mai kyau, sabili da haka koyaushe sanya ƙananan pebbles a gindin bishiyar ku, amma ba tare da gefuna mai kaifi ba. Tabbas, 'ya'yan itatuwa Citrus suna da tushen gaske.

Kamar yadda kake gani, dukkan itatuwan Citrus suna yaduwa ta zuriya, sannan kuma a danne shi ko kuma a sare shi. Ba za ku iya rike shi ba? Ee a sauƙaƙe! Kuma a cikin rani maraice maraice gidanka zai yi farin ciki tare da ainihin bishiyoyin Citot!