Yawancin tsire-tsire masu amfani, sun samu nasarar bunkasa a wasu yankuna kuma suna amfanar da masana'antu da yawa, sun zama marasa sananne kuma ba'a sanarda su ba.
Wannan labarin zai tattauna safflower, tattaunawa Mene ne wannan shuka, menene amfanin da siffofi.
Safflower: bayanin da siffofin nazarin halittu
Safflower wata shuka ce ta Asteraceae ko Aster iyali, mafi yawan lokuta wani shuka shekara, safflower ko saffron daji girma a al'adu, kamar yadda ake kira. Safflower tsiro har zuwa mita daya da rabi, shuka yana da madaidaiciya, branched, m tushe. Bar oblong, shirya a madadin, a kan gefen leaf plate - spikes. Furen tsire-tsire sune cikakken orange ko ja, tubular, bayan flowering samar da 'ya'yan itace-tsaba da fararen.
Safflower shi ne amfanin man fetur, man fetur ba ya da daraja ga man sunflower. Ana amfani da man fetur na farko a cikin masana'antun abinci, ana amfani da maki na biyu don samar da man fetur, man fetur, yatsun. A cikin masana'antun abinci, ana amfani da tsire-tsire a matsayin mai tsabta na halitta don jikin mutum, da kuma yin margarine da kuma kayan ado; ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antun masana'antun, don yin lalata masana'anta, yin takalma.
Ana amfani da safflower a magani da kuma cosmetology. Kusan dukkan sassa na shuka suna da amfani. Safflower ma zuma ne. Honey na wannan shuka shi ne babban kayan taimako na farko. Ya kunshi bitamin B, E, C, A, PP; enzymes da kwayoyin acid; sunadarai da dextrins. Maganin zuma daga madaidaici ya hada kusan dukkanin macro-da microelements wajibi ne don aiki mai muhimmanci na jikin mutum.
Tare da irin wannan taro na amfani Properties da halaye, safflower ne cikakken uncaprizable a namo. Tsarin shuka na shuka zai yiwu a nauyin zafi guda biyu, ƙananan matasan tsayayya da sanyi har zuwa digiri shida, wato, dasa shuki na shuka ana gudanar da shi a farkon spring da kaka.
Yankakken iri
A cikin al'adun wasu 'yan iri da ke dacewa da girma a tsakiyar hanya. Ka yi la'akari da mafi dace da su.
Yawan shahararrun iri-iri shine "Sunny" - tsire-tsire yana jure waccen lokaci. Yanayin shuka shine kwana 127. Yana girma har zuwa 85 cm. Furen da diamita daga sama har zuwa uku centimeters sun ƙunshi babban adadin tsaba, yawan amfanin ƙasa a kowace hectare ɗaya ne da rabi. Rawan man fetur a cikin nau'in - 34%. Da iri-iri suna girma a kasashe da dama, ciki har da Kazakhstan, Rasha da Ukraine.
Yaran iri-iri "Ahram" ya bambanta tsawon lokacin ciyayi mai raguwa - daga 90 zuwa 120 days. Ganye yana da ƙananan idan aka kwatanta da mai "Sunny" madaidaici - 60 cm, rassan, leafy, tare da furanni da yawa (har zuwa kwanduna guda goma sha shida). Ginin yana marigayi ripening, yawan amfanin ƙasa na iri iri ne na 15 a kowace hectare. Abincin man fetur a cikin iri shine 35%, ana ganin nau'ikan iri mafi kyau don sarrafawa cikin man fetur, daga kadada daya ya karu zuwa kilogiram 300 na man fetur.
Dabbobi iri-iri "Beauty Stupinskaya" - wani tsire-tsire tare da kafa mai tsabta wanda ba tare da yaro ba; tare da mai karfi taproot har zuwa zurfin zurfin 20, to, sanda ya zama mai haske kuma a karkashin sharadi mai kyau (a yankunan kudancin) zai iya isa zurfin mita biyu. Ganye na wannan nau'i-nau'i ne mai mahimmanci a cikin siffarsa, tare da launi mai karfi da raunana spines. Lokacin shuka mai shuka shine daga 105 zuwa 130 days. Ɗaya daga cikin daji na iya ɗauka har zuwa kwanduna ashirin da ke cikin ƙananan kwalliya tare da diamita na har zuwa mita 3.5. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna tubular, yellow ko orange a launi. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari: fararen tsaba tare da harsashi mai yawa, nau'in nauyin har zuwa 51 grams. Yana da halayyar cewa tsaba ba su gushewa lokacin da cikakke.
Sanya cikin juyawa
Fasaha na fasaha ga masu tsinkayuwa maras lafiya abincin noma, hunturu da albarkatun ruwa, fyade, masara, flax. Idan aka lura da irin wannan nau'in amfanin gona sai ƙasa ta samar da manyan sharaɗɗa na danshi, gyaran jikinsa zai inganta.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku shuka saffan bayan sunflower, sugar gwoza da fodder gwoza, sorghum. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna cire kusan dukkanin danshi daga ƙasa.
Ba lallai ba ne don shuka amfanin gona a wuri guda na shekaru da yawa a jere; komawa zuwa wurin da aka riga ya sauka a sama zai yiwu a kalla shekaru hudu daga baya. Safflower shine manufa da aka riga ya kasance don amfanin gonar hatsi, bazara da sha'ir na alkama da alkama (a yanayin yanayin yanayi mai kyau).
Kyawawan tsari na juyawa na gona zai zama wuri na saffon na amfanin gona na gaba na ƙarshe, misali, tururi - hunturu alkama - safflower - sha'ir; ko tururi - hunturu alkama - chickpea - spring alkama - safflower - sha'ir.
Kula da magani
Yawanci yana taimakawa tsarin namo mai kyau undemanding ga abun da ke ciki na kasar gona. Mafi kyaun shi shi ne ƙananan kayan kirki da ƙwayoyin katako, yadudden loams ko loams, yayin da bai ji tsoron ƙasashen saline da matalauta ba.
Don safflower, zurfin tillage yana da muhimmanci, an nuna mafi kyau alamun girbi a lokacin da shuka a cikin filin mai zurfi. Cultivate arable da subsurface ƙasa yadudduka. Duk da cewa cewa mai sanyi ba ji tsoron weeds, kafin shuka wani zurfin tsabtatawa na weeds ne da za'ayi. A lokacin da aka shuka bayan hatsi, yana da kyau ga madararru idan bayan girbi wanda ya riga ya kasance, bambaro da katako da aka watsar a cikin wani bakin ciki na bakin ciki an bar a filin.
Shuka hanyoyi da ƙwayar iri
Za a iya yin shuka safflower a lokaci daya tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, saboda tsaba zasu iya ci gaba a yanayin zafi. A ƙarshen shuka, matakan lakar ƙasa a cikin ƙasa mai zurfi na ƙasa bazai ishe su ba don amfanin gona mai kyau.
Don kare kariya daga cututtuka kuma ƙara yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa, ana shuka tsaba a shirye-shirye. "Yarda" ko "Cardon", ƙara magunguna don ci gaba da ci gaba.
Ana yin shuka a zurfin mita shida zuwa takwas, tsakanin layuka ya bar har zuwa 60 cm. Sakamakon iri na safflower tsaba shine 30-40 kg / ha. Halin ya ƙayyade yanayin yanayin ƙasa, a ƙarƙashin sharaɗɗan sharaɗi, ana shuka shi ne ta iyakar adadin, tare da yanayi mafi muni - an rage ragu.
Shin kuna sani? A cikin 1061, Sinanci ke kula da zuciya da cutar jini tare da safflower. A zamanin d ¯ a, an yi amfani da safflower don katse cikiwar da ba a so, don haka matan da suke sa ran jariri ya kamata su fi kyautar samfurin.
Safflower Care
Kula da mai da hankali shine mafi yawan kulawa da ƙasa: sassaƙa saman launi, thinning da weeding daga weeds.
Hankali! Clogging safflower tare da safflower zai ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa ta saba'in bisa dari.
Safflower iya yin ba tare da watering na dogon lokaci godiya ga tsarin duniya tushen, girma da nisa a cikin gida. Ana yin gyaran ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata, musamman tare da jinkirin rashin hazo da kuma cikakke bushewa daga cikin kasusuwan ƙasa.
Lokacin da ake shuka albarkatu a ƙasa mai kyau, kada ka damu da takin gargajiya, idan kasa ba ta da talauci, ya fi kyau a takin su tare da takin mai magani ko ma'adinai, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium da takin mai magani. Zaka iya yin kafin lokacin flowering, masu shuka masu bada shawara sunyi shawara don takin kasar gona yayin aiki kafin shuka.
Girman safflower daga tsaba yana da sauki, kulawa ba damuwa bane. Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne don aiwatar da tsire-tsire-tsire, hargitsi har sai inganan farko ya bayyana kuma lokacin da ganye biyu ko uku suka bayyana a kan harbe, an hallaka ɓawon nama a ƙasa. An kammala kula da tsire-tsire a lokacin da aka samu buds.
Kariya akan cututtuka da kwari na safflower
Safflower za a iya shawo kan wadannan cututtuka: fusarium, tsatsa, septoria kuma broomrape. Halin da ya fi hatsari ga rashin lafiya wanda zai iya rushe amfanin gona shine tsatsa. Haka kuma cututtuka ne a cikin yanayi, rinjayar da harbe da foliage roundish Formations - launin ruwan kasa pustules. Tare da shan kashi na cututtuka, amfanin gona ana bi da shi ta hanyar sinadaran yana nufin: Altazol, Alto Super, Acanto Plus, Alpari, Atlas.
Gwaje-gwaje da ke kai farmaki a kan tsire-tsire suna safflower tashi, weevil, aphid kuma ognevka. Insects da larvae suna da hadari. Manya sunyi noma da kuma foliage, suna sa qwai, daga abin da larvae ƙyanƙyashe, tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba wai kawai ba. Safflower tashi lays zuriya a cikin safflower buds, da larvae bayyana bayan haka ci tsaba. Don halakar kwari ta amfani da kwari: "Konfidor-Maxi", "Kruiser", "Puma Super-100". A matsayin kariya ga madaidaici, kafin dasa shuki, ana kula da tsaba tare da wasu kayan ado.
Abin sha'awa A lokacin da aka kaddamar da kaburburan Masarawa, masu binciken ilimin kimiyya sun gano cewa tsohon Masarawa ya mutu tare da zane-zane da aka yi da fentin da aka yi daga fure-fure. Bisa ga wasu shaidu da aka rubuta, ƙawancin kasashen Larabawa sun yi amfani da ƙurar da aka yi da su kamar lalata da lipstick.
Girbi
Girbi safflower ba zai haifar da matsalolin ba, tun da tsaba ba su crumble lokacin da cikakke. Zasu iya rushewa kawai idan akwai girbi maras kyau daga dankan murfin kai tsaye a kan stalks. Girbi mai girbi yana farawa ne a cikakke cikakke, wadda ƙaddarar rawaya da yellowed mai tushe suka ƙaddara. A filayen, ana girbi girbi ta hanyar haɗuwa don kada tsirrai na tsire-tsire ba su da rauni a kan kabari, ana kara yawan karfin. Tsire-tsire a lokacin girbi ya kamata ya zama kusan 12%. Bayan girbi, ana tsabtace tsaba daga ƙura da aka bushe.
Safflower a matsayin al'adu mai amfani ya kamata ya zama da hankali ga masana'antu. Bugu da ƙari da duk wuraren da ake amfani da su (maganin, masana'antu da masana'antar abinci, fenti da kayan aikin gine-gine) safflower kuma yana girma ne a matsayin amfanin gona, kamar yadda silo ne mai girma ga kananan dabbobi.
