Abin da ciyawa ke cinye shanu

Abinci maras nama shine babban tushen bitamin da kuma ma'adanai ga dabba a lokacin dumi, lokacin da dabbobi ke zaune a kan wuraren kiwo.

Kowane irin kayan lambu da ke cikewa a cikin itatuwan daji suna iya saukewa kuma suna kwantar da jiki, ba tare da an girbe su ba, misali, a cikin hay, an yi amfani da shi a cikin cin abinci na hunturu na shanu.

Wane ciyawa ne shanu suke ci a wuraren noma

Dukkanin garken herbaceous suna raba kashi hudu:

• legumes (legume iyali);
• hatsi (iyalin hatsi);
• sedge (sedge da rush);
• asusu (sauran iyalai).

Shin kuna sani? Nishaɗin madara ya dogara ne akan abinci na saniya. Idan kun ji tausananci, mafi mahimmanci, mafi yawan kwanan nan mace mai ban sha'awa ta ci wormwood.

Legumes

Legumes - ƙungiyar ta ƙunshi mafiya yawan shuke-shuke, wadanda wakilanta sun fi yawa a cikin gandun daji da kuma cikin gonar mabanguna. Sun kasance kamar shanu fiye da hatsi kuma suna da tsawon lokacin yanka (sau 2). 85-86% na yawan adadin tsire-tsire suna da hankali da kwayoyin dabba, 8-9% basu dace da shanu ba, kuma kashi 5 cikin dari suna cike da guba.

Mafi yawan wakilan legumes na musamman:

• daban-daban na clover;
• alfalfa;
• Kayan aiki;
• harshe;
• kananan amarya;
• goatling

Har ila yau zai zama da amfani a gare ka don gano abin da abincin shanu ya kamata ya zama, shanu marar ciki mai ciki, yadda za a ciyar da saniya a cikin hunturu.

Cereals

Cereals - mazauna yankin gabas, gandun daji, floodplains na koguna da tafkuna. 90% daga cikin tsire-tsire daga jimlar suna jin dadin jiki, 5% ana ganin rashin talauci, 5% suna da guba. Cereals ba su da lafiya fiye da legumes.

Ana rarraba su cikin ƙungiyoyi:

1. Hygrophiles - wadanda suke girma a kan ruwa ko kuma kusa da su kuma da sauri zama m. Sun hada da ƙuda, reeds, manniki, shinkafa da shinkafa da katako.
2. Xerophiles - mazauna yankin gabas, yankunan hamada. Suna da matukar damuwa ga fari. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna fescue, fescue, gashin tsuntsaye, tiostrenitsa, gashi da sauransu.
3. Mesophilic - masoyan matsanancin zafi yakan fito ne daga gandun dajin da duwatsu. A cikin bazara, ci gaban su ya ragu sosai. Wadannan sun hada da alkama, shuki, fry, fure, da dai sauransu.
4. Gidun gishiri zauna a kan m kasa a steppes, daji da kuma Semi-deserts. Bayan lokacin kunne, tsire-tsire suna ci gaba da haɓaka. Wakilan kungiyar suna beskilnitsa, mulberry, riparian.
5. Tsaran hatsi na shekara - mazauna ƙauyuka da wuraren daji. Wadannan sun hada da wuta, mortu, bristles, hatsi, gero, da dai sauransu.

Sedge

Sedge - mai yawa, kayan lambu mai dadi. Ganye na tsire-tsire suna da wuyar gaske, saboda haka ba su da kyau a cikin shanu.

Shin kuna sani? Don cin naman sa a wasu jihohi Indiya akwai babban kudin kudi, kuma idan aka sake yin kisa ga kurkuku - ɗaurin kurkuku har zuwa shekaru biyar.

Ana rarraba iyalin zuwa kungiyoyi da yawa:

• inveterate mai ƙarancin ruwa (babban tare da ganye mai laushi): kamar bakin teku ko soddy sedge;
• Mai cin abinci mai laushi: jere biyu, ruwa, hasken rana;
• da kyau ci steppe, Semi-hamada, dutse (farkon, kumbura, makoki da sauran sedges).

Ganye

Don ganye sun hada da iri-iri iri-iri daga fiye da 1000 iyalai daban-daban. Suna girma mafi yawa a cikin gandun daji, duwatsu, da yawa sau da yawa - a cikin steppes da kuma wuraren daji. 52% na dukkanin tsire-tsire na rukuni suna cin abinci sosai, kashi 39 cikin dari ana cinye su, kashi 9 cikin dari suna da guba ga shanu.

Mafi yawan wakilai sune:

• wormwood;
• horsetails;
• yarrow;
• Dandelion:
• chaff;
• coltsfoot.

Wane abincin ciyawa za a iya shuka domin shanu?

Hakanan zaka iya ƙirƙirar ƙananan makiyaya a gida - shuka gonar masu tafiya tare da ciyawa. Kasuwanci na lambu yana wakilta daban-daban na tsire-tsire, shekara-shekara da kuma haɓaka.

Shekarar shekara

Daga cikin tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara sune:

1. Ryegrass - madaidaiciya mai kyau daji tare da mai tausayi, ya kai 1 m a tsawo. Yana da dogon haske kore ganye da kuma oblong rawaya tsaba. Aji ne sanyi sanyi da resistant zuwa cututtuka da kuma hare-haren kwari.

2. Ciyawa ta Sudan, yana nufin hatsi. Aji ke tsiro zuwa 0.5-3 m tsawo. Lanceolate ganye suna da rubutu sassauci da haske kore launi. Ciyawa shine matukar fari, tare da matsanancin matsala (ana iya ɗauka sau da dama a shekara).
3. White mustardYana girma zuwa 0.25-1 m a tsawo. Ta mai tushe, a matsayin mai mulkin, an rufe shi da mai tsananin gashi, a cikin lokuta masu banƙyama za su iya zama cikakke. Ganye na ƙananan lyre-dimbin yawa, saman - a cikin nau'i na m naval. A lokacin flowering a kan shuka Bloom fari ko furanni rawaya. Da kyau kwari ta hanyar kwari.

4. Phacelia - wannan tsire-tsire ne mai shuka zuma, yana da tayi mai tsayi, wanda ke tsiro har zuwa 0.6-0.9 m a tsawo. A flowering zamani ya zo wata daya bayan shuka kuma yana 1-2 watanni.

5. Vika Spring - ciyawa ne mai girma a furotin. Yana zuwa 1 m a tsawo kuma yana da taproot. Tsire-tsire yana yadawa a ƙasa.

Perennial ganye

Turarrun ganyayyaki suna buƙatarwa daga manoma, saboda babu bukatar shuka shuki a kowace shekara.

Mafi shahararrun sune:

1. Alfalfa - kafa bushes na matsakaici tsawo. Kwayoyin ganye suna da siffar ellipsoidal. A lokacin flowering, an rufe injin da furanni masu furanni (wasu bambanci zai yiwu, har zuwa masu kirim). Hay grass na high winter hardiness da fari juriya, sauƙin daidaita da sabon yanayin yanayi.

2. Clover farin - wakili na iyalin legume tare da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Ba tare da komai ba game da yanayin namo, da kyau, har ma a yumbu da yashi. Yana da tsawon lokaci na flowering, wanda ake amfani dashi a matsayin kayan ado.

3. Sandy Esparcettare da tushen tushen tsarin. Gwargwadon tsirrai suna kai 0.8 m tsawo. Ƙananan ɓangaren ganye yana da launi mai launi da kuma ɗakunan da ba kowa ba ne, ɓangaren ƙananan yana fitowa ne. Fruit - wake.

4. Meadow ciyawa manoma Samar da wani m na roba turf na koren launi a cikin dukan tsawon flowering. A harbe suna leafy, isa 0.7 m tsawo.

Abin da za a iya yi da ciyawa

Manoma masu wadata sukan samar da ciyayi mai noma don hunturu a cikin hanyar:

• hay;
• bambaro;
• silo;
• haylage.

Senazh

Haylage - shuke-shuke sun bushe zuwa 55% danshi. Da wannan matakin zafi, kusan dukkanin kwayoyin cutar sun rage rayuwar su. Don haylage an bada shawarar yin amfani da legumes da kuma ciyawa na ciyawa (alfalfa, clover, sainfoin), wanda ya yi a farkon farkon ci gaba.

Yana da muhimmanci! Ana kula da layin ruwan sanyi ta hanyar amfani da laima.

An kashe dukkanin taro zuwa tsawon lokaci na 3 cm.

Hay

Hay yana nufin abinci mai yawa. Yawan dajin da ke ciki ya kamata ya zama fiye da 17%. An shuka tsire-tsire kuma a bar su bushe a cikin rana, a lokacin da suke ɗaukar su da rake. Bayan haka, ana tattara takardun a cikin sheaves ko aka guga ta tare da taimakon kayan aikin noma da kuma sanya ajiya na dindindin a cikin ɗaki mai bushe.

Straw

Madogarar itace tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire (tsire-tsire da hatsi) wanda ya kasance bayan cin abinci. Dole ne ya zama matakin laka na 20% don kaucewa zubar da ciki.

Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don samuwa:

• mowing, bushewa, niƙa da sufuri zuwa wurin ajiya;
• gyare-gyare, bushewa, tattarawa cikin ɗakunan ajiya da motsi don ƙarin ajiya;
• gyare-gyare, latsawa tare da kayan aiki na musamman a cikin bales kuma motsi zuwa wuri na bushewa.

Silo

Silo wata kwayar ganye ne da aka magance shi da kwayoyin lactic acid. Tsire-tsire da matakin zafi na 60% ana sanya su a cikin rami mai mahimmanci. Akwai karin kayan asali da kayan lambu daban-daban, kazalika da gwaninta.

Ana guga gizon kuma an rufe shi da fim don ƙayyade samun iska. Bayan kwanaki 30-40 sai an shirya silage, yana da launi mai launin launin launin shukar mai daɗin ƙanshi. Ajiye abinci a silos.

Abinci ga shanu ciyawa

A kan wuraren kiwo, ganye da suke da haɗari ga dabbobi suna iya girma sosai:

1. Ledum Rosemary - Evergreen weakly branched shrub. Ya kai tsawo na 0.2-1.25 m, yana da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. Ganye ba su da tsumburai, ganye suna cikin siffar, furanni suna fararen launi. Yana lalata tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, ƙwayar gastrointestinal, zuciya, dabba ya daina jin ƙwayoyin.

2. Warty euonymus - madaidaiciya shrub 1-2 m high, rassansa suna bakin ciki, an rufe su da "warts" baki. Ganye suna da siffar tsalle da launin kore, a lokacin flowering an dasa injin da kananan furanni. A cikin ƙananan allurai yana haifar da suturar jiki da kwalliya, a cikin manyan allurai mutuwa.

3. Black helen - Tsarin iyalin Solanaceae da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. Yana da furanni mai launin furanni masu launin furanni. Ya haifar da bore, tarzoma da tympanitis.

4. Hemlock speckled - shuke-shukin mita biyu tare da zagaye masu launin launin ruwan kasa. A lokacin da shafa 'ya'yan itace, zaku iya jin warin linzamin kwamfuta. A cikin shanu, yana haifar da rauni, yana ɓarna tsarin kulawa na tsakiya. Dabbobi sukan mutu daga wannan ciyawa.

5. Matsayi mai ban tsoro girma har zuwa 2 m tsawo. Yana da ƙananan furen furanni, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin umbrellas. Yana haifar salivation, numfashi na numfashi.

6. Buttercup Anemone yana da rhizome mai zurfi da kuma bishiyoyi, wanda aka rufe tare da m a ƙasa. Tsarin ya kai 0.1-0.3 m tsawo, furanni suna rawaya. Yana ba da kullun da kuma gastrointestinal tract, yana sa jini da jini a cikin fitsari.

7. Dope m - ciyawa mai tsami tare da wari mara kyau. Fure-fure na manyan launi masu launi suna da murmushi. Tashin hankali da aikin zuciya da kwakwalwa, yana haifar da inna.
8. Hypericum - tsire-tsire mai tsayi tare da tsawo na 0.8 m tare da bakin ciki mai tushe. Yana furanni da furanni na zinariya da aka rufe da dige baki. Yana haifar da bayyanar ciwace-ciwacen ƙwayoyi, fariya da harshe da lebe.

9. Buttercups - ganye tare da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai guba. Matsakaicin tsawo na tsire-tsire na 1 m. Ana yin furanni akan kafafu da kafafu kuma suna da launi na launin rawaya, sun hada da 5 petals, ba zasu wuce 2 cm a diamita ba, suna haifar da farfadowa da rushewar kujera.

10. Ƙarafi ƙwauro Yana da ƙuƙwalwa mai laushi tare da ƙananan launi kuma tsawon iyakar tsawon mita 3. Tsarin ganye yana kusan triangular, furanni suna tattare a umbrellas. Yana lalata aikin cibiyar kula da zuciya da zuciya, yana haifar da vomiting da kwance.

Yana da muhimmanci! Yi la'akari da zabi wurin wurin shan shanu, da makiyaya bai kamata ya zama ciyayi masu ciyayi, da kuma gurɓata masana'antu ba.

Gwaninta a lokacin bazara-rani yana da muhimmiyar kulawa da dabbobi, kuma makiyaya za a iya haifar da shi a kan kansa idan babu irin wannan kusa ko rashin cancanta. Abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne tuna cewa akwai tsire-tsire masu guba ga shanu, da kuma yin amfani da wadannan ganye zai iya haifar da mutuwar dabbobi.