Itacen itacen apple Orlik shine ɗayan mafi yawan nasarar sabuwar bishiyar marigayi. Kuna hukunta by sake dubawa na lambu, Orlik cikin nasara maye gurbin tsohon iri, tun yana da mafi kyau sigogi duka a cikin kadarorin 'ya'yan itãcen marmari kuma a cikin halaye na itacen.
Bayanin Orlik iri-iri
Aiki a kan ƙirƙirar nau'in Orlik ya fara ne a Cibiyar Bincike don Shuka Tsararruwar 'Ya'yan itace a cikin shekarun 1950s. Gwajin da aka yi na tsawon lokaci ne, kuma a shekarar 1986 ne kawai aka yi wa Orlik rajista a cikin Rajistar Jiha. Ta hanyar marubutan, E. N. Sedov da T. A. Trofimova, iri-iri an gundura su a kan tushen tsoffin bishiyun apple Mekintosh da Bessemyanka Michurinskaya. Orlik an yi niyya ne ga Tsakiyar, Tsakiyar Duniya da Yankunan Arewa maso Yamma.
Iri-iri nasa mallakar apples ne na hunturu, amma ba a adana 'ya'yan itacen masu tsayi sosai, har sai kusan farkon bazara, wanda yanzu ya yi nisa da rikodi. Daban-daban suna girma-girma, bishiyoyi a shekara ta 4 tuni sun ba da 'ya'yan fari. Yawan amfanin ƙasa yana da girma sosai, amma tare da bayanin lokaci-lokaci: shekarun da ake samarwa suna canzawa tare da shekarun lokacin isassun ƙwayoyin apples suna kan itacen. A cikin shekaru masu kyau, har zuwa kilogiram 120 na apples ana girbe daga itacen apple na manya. Fruiting yana faruwa duka a kan mashin da safar hannu. An girbe apples a kan Satumba 15-30, suna shirye nan da nan don amfani. Idan kun makara don girbi, 'ya'yan itacen suna rage ruwa kaɗan.
Ana nuna itacen kamar matsakaici. Haushi ya yi laushi, daga rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai haske. Kambin yayi karami ne, an zagaye shi da kamannin, matsakaicin matsakaici. An yiwa rassan kwarangwal kwatancen kusan a kwance, ƙarshensu ana karkata zuwa sama. Ganyen suna da yawa, mai yawa, kore mai haske da walƙiya. Actarfin kambi yana ba ku damar dasa bishiyoyi da yawa, wanda yake da mahimmanci musamman a cikin kananan lambunan gida. Thearfin hunturu na itace da juriya daga itacen apple don scab a cikin yankuna da aka ba da shawara ana ɗaukar su matsakaici. Lokacin da zazzabi ya sauka ƙasa -25 game daTare da watakila dan daskarewa. Furannin suna da yawa, suna buƙatar pollinators. Yawancin nau'ikan suna iya aiki a cikin wannan damar, misali, Spartak, Green May, Lobo, Martovskoye, Sinap Orlovsky, da dai sauransu.
Itacen bishiyoyin Orlik suna da ƙarfi sosai har ana shuka su da yawa a cikin lambunan masana'antu wanda yayi kama da dasa shuki
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne masu matsakaici, masu nauyi ba su wuce 120 g, baƙi ko ɗan kwalliya, mai laushi. Fushin yana sama da kauri matsakaici, gajarta, fata mai mai, farin da kakin zuma yake ba. Babban launi shine launin rawaya, mai shiga tsakani - ja, tare da raɗaɗɗun ratsi, yana rufe duka saman apple. Ja daga fari zuwa kirim, grained. Juice abun ciki yayi yawa. Tasteanɗanon apples yana da kayan zaki, mai daɗi-mai daɗi, an ƙididdige shi da kyau: ta hanyar maki 4,4.6.6. An yi amfani da su duka sabo ne da kuma sarrafa ruwan 'ya'yan itace, gami da abincin abinci.
Apples suna da kyau, amma ba za a iya kiran su babba
Yawancin yana yaduwa saboda amfanin da ya biyo baya:
- farkon shigarwa cikin juriya;
- babban amfanin ƙasa;
- kyakkyawan kiyaye ingancin apples;
- kayan zaki, dandano mai kyau;
- m itacen;
- unpretentiousness ga yanayi.
Daga cikin gazawarsu shine zubar da cikakkun apples and da aka bayyana akai na 'ya'yan itace.
Bidiyo: Itace itacen apple ko kuma girbi
Orlik apple dasa
Tun da ƙarfin itacen ya ba da izinin dasa shi a cikin ƙananan yankuna, ana amfani da wannan sosai: tsakanin apples na wannan nau'in za ku iya barin mita 2-2.5 kawai. Yawancin suna jin daɗin kan iyakar kudu da kudu maso yamma, inda ruwan ƙasa bai ta fi mita 2 zuwa saman ba. Don kariya daga iska, suna ƙoƙarin dasa itacen apple Orlik kusa da gida ko shinge. Kyakkyawan ƙasa shine loam mai sauƙi da yashi.
Bidiyo: Itace bishiyar apple ta Orlik a shinge
A cikin yankuna na kudanci, wannan itacen apple ana shuka shi ne a farkon rabin kaka. A tsakiyar layi, da damina da damina (bayan sun sha ƙasa) ana amfani da dasa shuki, a arewa ana shuka su a bazara: daga dasa shuki, itacen apple zai iya wahala a lokacin hunturu, saboda ba shi da lokacin samun saɓani. Yawancin lokaci ana shuka tsire-tsire na shekara ɗaya ko biyu, tare da haushi mai laushi, tushen da keɓaɓɓiyar wuri da kuma takamaiman wurin yin rigakafi.
Idan ana samun kuɗi kuma mai yuwuwa, zaku iya siyan seedling a cikin akwati: ya fi sauƙi a dasa shi, kuma kuna iya yin wannan kusan kowane lokaci.
Ana aiwatar da saukowa ta hanyar al'ada. Yana da kyau a tono shafin a gaba, yin guga na humus a kowace murabba'in mita. Harkar rami na seedling na wannan nau'in ba mai girma sosai ba: 60-70 cm a duk girma ya isa. Ana buƙatar karamin Layer na magudana a gindin, sannan akwai ƙasa mai laushi da aka tono daga ramin, an haɗe shi da buhu 2 na humus, lita na itace ash da 200 g na superphosphate. A cikin shirya ramin, wanda ake yi makonni 2-3 kafin a dasa shuki, ana tura gungume mai ƙarfi a ciki.
An shirya rami don saukowa a gaba, manyan buƙatun ba a buƙata
A lokacin da saukowa:
- Tushen seedling tare da bude tsarin ana tsoma shi cikin ruwa na kwana ɗaya, sannan a tsoma shi cikin cakuda yumɓu, mullein da ruwa.
Mai magana da Clay yana taimakawa seedlingsa seedlingsan itace don ɗauka da sauri
- Bayan an fitar da adadin ƙasa mai mahimmanci daga ramin, sanya seedling domin tushen wuyansa shine 6-7 cm sama da matakin ƙasa.
Don ƙayyade tsawo, zaka iya amfani da dogo na kwance: seedling a cikin hoto dole ne a ɗaga shi
- A hankali fada Tushen barci tare da ƙasa mai cirewa, tattake ta da hannu, sannan tare da ƙafa. Ieulla ɗayan itace a kan gungume kuma a zuba ruwa biyu na ruwa a ƙarƙashin seedling. Tushen wucin zai sauke sannan zai zama santimita santimita a ƙasa.
Ulla tare da kowane igiya mai ƙarfi amma taushi
- Zana wani abin nadi tare da gefuna na rami rami, ciyawa kasar gona tare da bakin ciki Layer na humus ko peat.
Ana bukatar abin hawa don kada ruwan ban ruwa ya gudana a banza
- A cikin dasa dasa, idan akwai, a kaikaice rassan suna taqaituwa da kashi ɗaya bisa uku (a cikin kaka, ana kwashe pruning zuwa bazara).
Idan ƙasa ta bushe sosai, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin ruwa don ban ruwa.
Siffofin Girma
Babban aikin kulawa da itacen apple Orlik ba ya bambanta da waɗanda ke cikin yanayin sauran bishiyun apple apple na hunturu, amma halayen iri-iri suna barin wani alama a kan ƙarfin su. Don haka, ƙananan girma na kambi da gaskiyar cewa rassan sun tashi daga gangar jikin a kusan kusurwar dama ta sauƙaƙe gyaran fuska da gyaran fuska. A lokaci guda, girbin yalwatacce yana ba da izinin shigarwa na baya a ƙarƙashin rassan da aka ɗora kamar yadda aka zuba apples. Amma ba tsananin juriya game da itacen ba shine damuwa a cikin yankuna inda akwai tsananin sanyi da isasshen dusar ƙanƙara.
Orlik ba shi da ƙarancin fari, saboda haka a yanayi na al'ada, wanda ke faruwa a tsakiyar layi, itacen apple yana da wuya a shayar da shi. Ga wanda kuma yake tsawaita rashin ruwan sama, lallai ruwa ya wajaba, musamman a lokacin samuwar kwayar kwayar kwaya da kwayar apple. A yawancin lokuta, ana sa itacen apple a ƙarƙashin sod, yana shuka ganye iri-iri a cikin da'irar kusa da motse su cikin lokaci "don taki". A wannan yanayin, ana aiwatar da ruwa sau da yawa. Mafi yawan pre-hunturu watering ma muhimmanci a daɗewa kafin farkon sanyi.
Mutane da yawa lambu kawar da kansu daga buƙatun na shekara-digging na gangar jikin kewaya
Idan a ƙarƙashin itacen apple ya kiyaye ƙasa kyauta, abin da ake kira. "black tururi", lokaci-lokaci ya kamata a kwance, cire ciyayi. Shekaru biyu bayan dasawa, sun fara ciyar da itacen apple. A wannan batun, Orlik bai bambanta da sauran iri ba: a farkon bazara, har zuwa 200 g na urea ya warwatse a gindin itaciya, kuma bayan ƙasa ta bushe, an gabatar da bokiti biyu na humus cikin ƙananan ramuka. Foliar saman miya nan da nan bayan fure tare da tsararren maganin takaddun takaddun takaddara yana da amfani. Bayan faduwar ganye a cikin da'irar-kusa, an rufe mashi har zuwa 250 g na superphosphate.
Yana da mahimmanci don samar da itace yadda ya kamata daga baya, a lokacin lokacin fruiting, yankan tsabtace jiki kawai ake yi (cire bushe, karye kuma ba daidai ba girma rassan). Yin forming pruning yana da mahimmanci musamman ga iri tare da fruiting na lokaci-lokaci, wanda ya hada da Orlik. Ba zai iya haifar da itacen apple ya samar da amfanin gona mai yawa na shekara-shekara ba, amma har zuwa wani lokaci zai iya fitar da takaddun shuki cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa. A bisa al'ada al'ada ne a samar da itacen bishiyar Orlik a cikin nau'in sikirin da aka ƙaddara.
- Idan aka dasa shekaru biyu, rassan sa nan da nan sai a yanke zuwa kashi daya cikin uku, a game da shekara daya, sai a gajartar dutsen zuwa 0.6 m.
- Lokacin da rassan gefen na farko suka girma, zabi mafi kyawun guda uku, ana jagora a ko'ina cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma tsara su a tsayi, amma don jagoran zai zama 15 cm a saman su.
- Shekara guda bayan haka, a cikin irin wannan yanayin, ana yin rukuni na biyu na rassa 3-4 na rassa 40-50 cm sama da na farko. Game da matakin na uku na rassan 2-3, zaɓuɓɓuka suna yiwuwa: ba duk lambu ba ne suka shirya shi cikin itacen apple na wannan nau'in.
Matsayi daga cikin rassa a kusurwar dama zuwa akwati yana sa haɗin gwiwa ya kasance mai ƙarfi, amma scrapping mai yiwuwa ne a ƙarƙashin nauyin amfanin gona, don haka ajiyar baya ya zama tilas.
Hakanan ana samun wadatattun ruwa na baya, amma kowane tsayayyen yanayi zai dace da gonar.
Wadancan 'yan lambu da ke ƙoƙarin tilasta Orlik ya ba da' ya'yan itace a kowace shekara rabon abincin, yana cire kusan 30% na ovaries. Ko akwai buƙatar hakan, kowa yana yanke shawara don kansa, amma a lokaci guda tuffa ta zama mafi girma, kuma mitar yana raguwa zuwa ɗan lokaci, amma fasalin nau'ikan bazai sami damar girbi ingantaccen kowace shekara ba.
Tsoffin bishiyoyi, kamar yadda lalatattun itinga ,an itace, suna sake farfadowa ta hanyar pruning mai ƙarfi
Dole ne a shirya itaciyar don hunturu. Baya ga ban ruwa na kaka, da gangar jikin da kuma tushen rassan kwarangwal an yi fari, ana tafiyar da dusar ƙanƙara. Tushe na kananan bishiyoyi suna nannade da rassan spruce coniferous.
Cututtuka da kwari, yakar su
Orlik apple itace matsakaici mai tsayayya ga scab, yana kuma iya yiwuwa cutar cuta ce mildew. Sauran cututtukan ba su da yawa. Scab yana da haɗari musamman a cikin shekarun rigar, mildew powdery a cikin shekaru bushe.
Tebur: manyan cututtukan bishiyoyin apple da maganin su
| Cutar | Kwayar cutar | Yin rigakafin | Jiyya |
| Scab | Gswanƙwasawa da bushewar yanayi yanayi ne ingantacce don ci gaban naman gwari. Abubuwan duhu masu duhu suna bayyana akan 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa. Ganyayyaki ya bushe kuma ya faɗi, yankunan da abin ya shafa a kan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun taurara kuma sun karye. | Karku yi fure a cikin 'ya'yan itace. Cire kwayar da ta fadi. | Fesa tare da 1% na Tsineba, Kuprozan kafin budada. |
| Powdery mildew | A kan ganyayyaki, harbe, inflorescences wani nau'i mai laushi na siffofin whitish. Ganyayyaki ya juye launin ruwan kasa da faɗuwa, harbe har ya yi duhu har ya mutu. Kwayar ta kwai ya fashe crumbles. Cutar na tasowa sosai a lokacin bushewa. | Kula da yanayin zafi mai kyau a cikin tsire-tsire. A watsar da ganye. | Lokacin da buds suka bayyana kuma bayan faduwarsu, fesa tare da maganin Chorus (2 g / 10 l), Tasiri (50 ml / 10 l). |
| Haske launin ruwan kasa | Ganyen da naman gwari suka bazu cikin sauri cikin ruwan sanyi. Ana rufe ganyen da launin shuɗi. Tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi na cutar, ganyayyaki ya bushe ya faɗi da wuri. | Ahankali fitar da kambi. Burnona tarkace na tsire-tsire. | Fesa kafin da bayan fure tare da maganin Kaptan na 0.5%, Tsarinba 0.4%. |
Daga cikin kwari, nau'in Orlik iri daya ne da itacen apple na wasu nau'ikan: mai shayar kudan zuma, asu na codling, asu gizo-gizo da kuma aphid aphid.
Tebur: Ikon kwaro na Apple
| Karin kwari | Bayyanai | Yin rigakafin | Matakan sarrafawa |
| Asu apple | Maballin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwa na cinye 'ya'yan itacen, yana zuwa ɗakin iri, yana cin tsaba. Apples mai lalacewa sun faɗi da wuri. Kwaro na iya rusa kusan 90% na amfanin gona. | Don tsabtace lalataccen haushi. Yi amfani da tarkon pheromone. | Kafin fure, bayan makonni 2 da kuma bayan cire 'ya'yan itacen, fesa tare da Ditox na 0.05%, 1% zolon bayani. |
| Spider mite | Kwaro, ya ɓoye a saman takardar, yana rufe shi da dunƙule na bakin ciki. Saman saman farantin ganye ne. Ruwan zai bushe. Fitowar kwaro yana ba da gudummawa ga bushewar lokacin zafi. | Sassauya ƙasa. Rage girman dasa. | Bi da kafin farawa tare da maganin 4% na Oleuprit, Nitrafen (200 g / 10 L). Kafin fure, fesa tare da maganin Fitoverm (10 ml / 10 l), sake - bayan kwana 21. |
| Irin ƙwaro fure | Kwaro na hibernates a cikin haushi bishiyoyi da faduwar ganye. A cikin bazara, lokacin da iska ta yi zafi har zuwa 60 ° C, sai ta ratsa kan kambi kuma ta sanya ƙwai a cikin kodan. Larvae ku ci daga ciki na toho, ya raunana fure. | Don share akwati na busasshen haushi. Yi amfani da tarkuna da bel ɗin manne. Shake kashe kwari. Ka rusa ganye. | Feshi ga kumburi da kodan tare da maganin lemun tsami (1.5 kg / 10 l). Don aiwatarwa bayan narkewar dusar ƙanƙara kuma lokacin da kodan ke kumbura, wani bayani na Decis, Novaction (10 ml / 10 l). |
| Aphids | Aan mulkin mallaka na Aphid, yana daidaitawa akan ganye da harbe, tsotse ruwan lemon daga gare su. Ganye ya shafa curl, baƙi da bushewa. | Rushe tarkace tsire-tsire. Fulawa parasites tare da jet na ruwa. | Fesa kafin budurwa tare da maganin Nitrafen (300 g / 10 L). Kafin bayyanar ovaries, bi da tare da bayani na Actara (1 g / 10 l), Fitoverma (5 ml / 1 l). |
Sake Gani
Ina matukar godiya da kyakkyawan dandano na Aphrodite da Orlik. Wadanda ke da ire-iren wadannan nau'ikan suna iya girma a kan karar nasu, muna iya cewa, sa'a sosai.
Andy tucker
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=3955&start=1125
Me yasa kawai ya buge da danshi? Candy, Legend, Early Red - suna da ƙoshin lafiya, amma wannan itacen apple, wanda Orlik, yayi nadama ya dube ta ...
Anna
//dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=30878
Appleayan apple kaɗai mai daɗin ji zan iya ci kai tsaye daga itacen EAGLE.
Musya
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/58649/page-71
Idan akwai sha'awar da dama, gwada Orlik, wannan shine nau'in yaduwar yanki, muna da mafi kyawun yanayi na hunturu, na waɗanda na gwada, sunada dadi tuni sun faɗi kuma sune farkon waɗanda za'a siya akan kasuwa, ƙananan kaɗan ne kawai.
Yanina
//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=120243
Wannan nau'in itacen apple iri-iri kawai yana ɗanɗana a ƙarshen Satumba, zaku iya ci a baya, amma babu irin wannan zaki a cikinsu har yanzu. Na so kuma bana son shi a lokaci guda cewa 'yan kaxan ne kawai suka fadi da kansu. Dole ne in dauke shi da hannuwana, hawa sama kuma mummunan abin faduwa ne, tunda itaciyar tayi girma, tuffa ta kan zauna a sama, ba za su iya tsince shi ba. Gabaɗaya, kyawawan nau'ikan apples - m, m-m, ja, kar ku kwaso da sauri, yana da kyau ku ci don ruwan 'ya'yan itace kuma.
Alice
//otzovik.com/review_5408454.html
Itacen apple Orlik kyakkyawan wakili ne na nau'in hunturu. Idan ba don periodicity na fruiting ba, ana iya ɗayan ɗayan mafi kyawun nasarorin shayarwa na ƙarshen kwata na ƙarshen karni na ƙarshe.
